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July 1916 lunar eclipse

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July 1916 lunar eclipse
Partial eclipse
The Moon's hourly motion shown right to left
DateJuly 15, 1916
Gamma−0.5957
Magnitude0.7944
Saros cycle118 (46 of 74)
Partiality172 minutes, 30 seconds
Penumbral292 minutes, 24 seconds
Contacts (UTC)
P12:19:36
U13:19:33
Greatest4:45:49
U46:12:03
P47:12:00
← January 1916
January 1917 →

A partial lunar eclipse occurred at the Moon’s ascending node of orbit on Saturday, July 15, 1916,[1] with an umbral magnitude of 0.7944. A lunar eclipse occurs when the Moon moves into the Earth's shadow, causing the Moon to be darkened. A partial lunar eclipse occurs when one part of the Moon is in the Earth's umbra, while the other part is in the Earth's penumbra. Unlike a solar eclipse, which can only be viewed from a relatively small area of the world, a lunar eclipse may be viewed from anywhere on the night side of Earth. Occurring only about 3.5 hours after perigee (on July 15, 1916, at 1:15 UTC), the Moon's apparent diameter was larger.[2]

Observations

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The Ross Sea party was a component of Sir Ernest Shackleton's Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition of 1914–17. Five men were stranded not far away from Cape Evans. There was sea ice between them and the relative safety of the hut on Cape Evans. On May 8 two of the men, Aeneas Mackintosh and Victor Hayward, decided to make an attempt to reach the hut. Soon after they set out, a blizzard hit. When the weather cleared up, the remaining men tried to look for them, but realized that the ice was far too thin to cross, and that their friends had been lost. Now they knew that they should wait for a thicker ice and for the full moon to attempt the crossing. Having the full moon was essential, because during polar night the moon is the only source of natural light other than the extremely dim light of the stars.

The weather did not cooperate during the full moon of June, but on July 15, everything seemed to be just right: calm weather, thick ice, clear skies and a full moon. The men started their journey in the morning. When the moon rose, however, the men were surprised to find it was about to be eclipsed[citation needed]. Ernest Wild wrote later:

"I thought we were going to be left in darkness but a very little bit of the rim remained to light us..."

Although the eclipse continued for a few hours, the men were fortunate because it was only a partial eclipse. They reached Cape Evans later on the same day.[3]

Visibility

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The eclipse was completely visible over eastern North America, South America, and Antarctica, seen rising over western North America and the central Pacific Ocean and setting over Africa and western Europe.[4]

Eclipse details

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Shown below is a table displaying details about this particular solar eclipse. It describes various parameters pertaining to this eclipse.[5]

July 15, 1916 Lunar Eclipse Parameters
Parameter Value
Penumbral Magnitude 1.73508
Umbral Magnitude 0.79437
Gamma −0.59568
Sun Right Ascension 07h36m32.1s
Sun Declination +21°35'52.3"
Sun Semi-Diameter 15'44.1"
Sun Equatorial Horizontal Parallax 08.7"
Moon Right Ascension 19h37m12.9s
Moon Declination -22°11'11.4"
Moon Semi-Diameter 16'43.6"
Moon Equatorial Horizontal Parallax 1°01'23.4"
ΔT 18.8 s

Eclipse season

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See also: Eclipse cycle

This eclipse is part of an eclipse season, a period, roughly every six months, when eclipses occur. Only two (or occasionally three) eclipse seasons occur each year, and each season lasts about 35 days and repeats just short of six months (173 days) later; thus two full eclipse seasons always occur each year. Either two or three eclipses happen each eclipse season. In the sequence below, each eclipse is separated by a fortnight.

Eclipse season of July 1916
July 15
Ascending node (full moon)		 July 30
Descending node (new moon)
Penumbral lunar eclipse
Lunar Saros 118		 Annular solar eclipse
Solar Saros 144
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Eclipses in 1916

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Metonic

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Tzolkinex

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Half-Saros

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Tritos

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Lunar Saros 118

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Inex

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Triad

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Lunar eclipses of 1915-1918

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Lunar eclipse series sets from 1915 to 1918
Descending node   Ascending node
Saros Date
Viewing 		Type
Chart 		Saros Date
Viewing 		Type
Chart
103 1915 Jan 31
 Penumbral
 108 1915 Jul 26
 Penumbral
113 1916 Jan 20
 Partial
 118 1916 Jul 15
 Partial
123 1917 Jan 08
 Total
 128 1917 Jul 04
 Total
133 1917 Dec 28
 Total
 138 1918 Jun 24
 Partial
143 1918 Dec 17
 Penumbral

Saros 118

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Half-Saros cycle

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A lunar eclipse will be preceded and followed by solar eclipses by 9 years and 5.5 days (a half saros).[6] This lunar eclipse is related to two annular solar eclipses of Solar Saros 125.

July 10, 1907 July 20, 1925

See also

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Notes

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  1. ^ "July 14–15, 1916 Partial Lunar Eclipse". timeanddate. Retrieved 16 December 2024.
  2. ^ "Moon Distances for London, United Kingdom, England". timeanddate. Retrieved 16 December 2024.
  3. ^ Richard McElrea; David L. Harrowfield (2004). Polar castaways: the Ross Sea Party (1914–17) of Sir Ernest Shackleton. Canterbury University Press. p. 206. ISBN 978-0-7735-2825-3.
  4. ^ "Partial Lunar Eclipse of 1916 Jul 15" (PDF). NASA. Retrieved 16 December 2024.
  5. ^ "Partial Lunar Eclipse of 1916 Jul 15". EclipseWise.com. Retrieved 16 December 2024.
  6. ^ Mathematical Astronomy Morsels, Jean Meeus, p.110, Chapter 18, The half-saros

References

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