Joseph Hirkala
Joseph Hirkala | |
|---|---|
 | |
| President pro tempore of the New Jersey Senate | |
| In office January 10, 1984 – 1986 | |
| Preceded by | Matthew Feldman |
| Succeeded by | Carmen A. Orechio |
| Member of the New Jersey Senate | |
| In office January 11, 1972 – January 1, 1987 | |
| Succeeded by | Gabriel M. Ambrosio |
| Constituency | 14th district (1972–1974) 34th district (1974–1982) 36th district (1982–1987) |
| Member of the New Jersey General Assembly | |
| In office 1968 – January 11, 1972 | |
| Constituency | District 14A (1968–1970) District 14B (1970–1972) |
| Personal details | |
| Born | November 16, 1923 Passaic, New Jersey, U.S. |
| Died | January 1, 1987 (aged 63) Passaic, New Jersey, U.S. |
| Political party | Democratic |
| Spouse | Josephine Chorazy |
| Children | 2 |
| Signature |  |
| Military service | |
| Allegiance |  United States |
| Branch/service | United States Navy |
| Years of service | 1940-1945 |
Joseph Hirkala (November 16, 1923 – January 1, 1987) was an American politician who served in the New Jersey General Assembly from 1968 to 1972, and New Jersey State Senate from 1972 until 1987, as a member of the Democratic Party. He was also heavily active in the local politics of Passaic, New Jersey.
Hirkala was born in Passaic and dropped out of high school to join the United States Navy. He became a clerk for Passaic's tax collector in 1948, and held a multitude of local offices before retiring as city clerk in 1986. He served as chair of the Passaic County Democratic Party from 1972 to 1973.
Hirkala was elected to the state legislature in 1967, and served until his death. He served as assistant minority and majority leader, whip, majority leader, and president pro tempore during his tenure.
Early life and education
[edit]Joseph Hirkala was born in Passaic, New Jersey,[1] on November 16, 1923, to Julia and Andrew Hirkala.[2][3] His family were Slovak Americans.[4] He married Josephine Chorazy, with whom he had two children, on February 9, 1952.[5][6]
Hirkala dropped out of high school as a junior in order to join the United States Navy on November 26, 1940. He conducted his training in Rhode Island and San Diego, California. He worked as a signalman and received the Philippine Liberation Medal before being discharged on December 1, 1945. He suffered a disability as a result of his service and was hospitalized for over 13 months.[2][3][7]
Career
[edit]Local politics
[edit]Hirkala was elected as a Republican county committeeman from the 4th ward in 1948.[3] He ran for commissioner in 1963 with Leonard Simon was his campaign manager,[8] but placed seventh.[9]
Hirkala was appointed as a clerk in the Passaic tax collector's office on April 26, 1948, and assistant city clerk on November 17, 1951.[10][6] He became assistant city clerk of Clifton, New Jersey on May 2, 1960, but resigned on June 24, and returned to his post as assistant city clerk of Passaic.[11] He was appointed as acting registrar of vital statistics on March 2, 1965.[12] He became acting city manager on March 3, 1971, after Paul McCauley was removed by a city council vote of 5 to 2[13] and served for one day before Albert R. Galik was appointed.[14][15]
Anthony Martini, who served as city clerk of Passaic for 28 years, left office on January 1, 1977, and was replaced by Hirkala.[16][17] He stated in 1984 that he would retire as clerk within the next two years and was succeeded by assistant clerk Sabatina Fiorellino on January 1, 1986.[18][19]
Party politics
[edit]Hirkala supported Paul L. Troast during the 1953 gubernatorial election[20] and Robert A. Roe in the 1969 election.[21] He worked as Roe's campaign manager during the 1970 U.S. House election.[22] He endorsed J. Edward Crabiel for the Democratic nomination during the 1973 gubernatorial election,[23] but stated that he would have endorsed Roe if he ran.[24][25] He endorsed Brendan Byrne after Crabiel withdrew.[26] He endorsed Roe during the 1977 gubernatorial election.[27]
Anthony J. Grossi, chair of the Passaic County Democratic Party since 1959, retired on June 7, 1972, and Hirkala was selected by acclamation to succed him on June 13.[28][29] He supported removing Thomas Eagleton from the Democratic ticket during the 1972 presidential election due to allegations that Eagleton had been arrested for drunk driving in the past.[30] Hirkala declined to seek reelection as chair in 1973, and Grossi was elected to succeed him on June 12.[31][32]
Legislature
[edit]Elections
[edit]In 1967, Hirkala ran for a seat in the New Jersey General Assembly from district 14A as the Democratic nominee.[33][34] Simon was his campaign manager.[35] He defeated Republican nominee Mervyn Montgomery.[36] For the 1969 election he was redistricted into the two-member district 14B and was elected alongside Republican nominee Joseph F. Scancarella.[37][38]
Hirkala ran for one of three seats in the New Jersey Senate from the 14th district in the 1971 election.[39] Hirkala, William J. Bate, and Joseph A. Lazzara were the Democratic nominees and all three Democratic nominees won in the general election.[40] He was redistricted into the single-member 34th district and defeated Republican nominee Louise Friedman in the 1973 election.[41][42] He defeated Republican nominee Herman Schmidt in the 1977 election.[43][44] He was redistricted into the 36th district for the 1981 election and defeated Republican nominee Philip Gervato.[45][46] He defeated Republican nominee Joseph Job in the 1983 election[47][48] after he spent $129,176 compared to Job's $102,086.[49]
Tenure
[edit]During Hirkala's tenure in the general assembly he served on the Labor committee.[50] During his tenure in the state senate he served on the State Government and Federal and Interstate Relations committee,[51] was vice-chair of the Energy and Environment committee,[52] and chaired the Institutions, Health and Welfare committee.[53]
Hirkala was selected as assistant minority leader in 1972 after being nominated by Bate[54] and majority whip in 1973.[55] The Democrats selected three assistant majority leaders in 1975, which Hirkala was selected to serve as alongside Joseph A. Maressa and Joseph McGahn.[56] Majority leader Steven P. Perskie resigned on June 17, 1982, as he was being appointed as a superior court judge and Hirkala was selected to replace him.[57] In 1983, he was selected to replace Matthew Feldman as president pro tempore.[58]
In 1975, Senator John J. Fay Jr. accused Hirkala of improper conduct by delaying a bill that would create a legislative commission to study allegations in the nursing home industry. He stated that two of Hirkala's unpaid advisers were nursing home operators. Hirkala requested an investigation into himself and Matthew Boylan, the director of criminal justice, determined that no improper conduct was discovered.[59]
Hirkala underwent a surgery that removed his kidney in 1978.[60] In 1985, he announced that he would not seek reelection in 1987 due to poor health.[61] He was hospitalized on July 14, 1986, for phlebitis treatment.[62] He announced that he would seek reelection on November 23,[63] but died of a heart attack on January 1, 1987.[64] He was the third state senator, after John P. Caufield and Walter E. Foran, to die in office within the previous year.[65] Gabriel M. Ambrosio won the special election to fill the vacancy created by Hirkala's death.[66]
Political positions
[edit]Hirkala opposed the use of desegregation busing.[67] He and Augustus Capers proposed an amendment to the Constitution of New Jersey to lower the voting age to 18 in 1968.[68] He supported legislation to freeze the price of tuition at state colleges.[69] He voted in favor of restoring capital punishment in 1972[70] and 1980.[71] He opposed efforts to abolish the New Jersey State Commission of Investigation in 1975.[72] He voted in favor of legislation to remove the blue laws for the six Sundays before Christmas.[73]
Hirkala supported an amendment to the state constitution to prohibit an income tax.[74][75] He called for Treasurer Richard Leone to resign on June 25, 1975, stating that he was responsible for New Jersey's poor financial status and supporting an income tax.[76] He voted against raising the sales tax by 1% in 1982.[77] In 1983, he voted in favor of raising the income tax on those earning more than $50,000 a year by 1%.[78]
Hirkala wrote a resolution honoring József Mindszenty following his death.[79] He opposed President Jimmy Carter returning the Holy Crown of Hungary to Hungary citing its human rights record.[80]
Electoral history
[edit]| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Democratic | Joseph Hirkala | 2,102 | 100.00% | ||
| Total votes | 2,102 | 100.00% | |||
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Democratic | Joseph Hirkala | 18,730 | 50.93% | ||
| Republican | Mervyn Montgomery | 18,044 | 49.07% | ||
| Total votes | 36,774 | 100.00% | |||
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Democratic | Joseph Hirkala (incumbent) | 7,228 | 50.85% | ||
| Democratic | Robert J. Jablonski | 6,986 | 49.15% | ||
| Total votes | 14,214 | 100.00% | |||
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Democratic | Joseph Hirkala (incumbent) | 41,671 | 26.95% | ||
| Republican | Joseph F. Scancarella | 41,301 | 26.71% | ||
| Republican | Joseph J. Bender | 35,375 | 22.88% | ||
| Democratic | Robert J. Jablonski | 34,806 | 22.51% | ||
| Independent | James P. Raftery | 1,490 | 0.96% | ||
| Total votes | 154,643 | 100.00% | |||
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Democratic | Joseph Hirkala | 7,454 | 33.78% | ||
| Democratic | William J. Bate | 7,366 | 33.38% | ||
| Democratic | Joseph A. Lazzara | 7,249 | 32.85% | ||
| Total votes | 22,069 | 100.00% | |||
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Democratic | Joseph Hirkala | 64,725 | 21.16% | ||
| Democratic | Joseph A. Lazzara | 54,426 | 17.79% | ||
| Democratic | William J. Bate | 54,149 | 17.70% | ||
| Republican | Alfred Fontanella | 46,478 | 15.20% | ||
| Republican | Thomas W.E. Bowdler | 39,545 | 12.93% | ||
| Republican | Henry Fette | 39,406 | 12.88% | ||
| Socialist Labor | Robert Clement | 3,645 | 1.19% | ||
| Socialist Labor | Josephine Clement | 3,485 | 1.14% | ||
| Total votes | 305,859 | 100.00% | |||
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Democratic | Joseph Hirkala (incumbent) | 5,605 | 100.00% | ||
| Total votes | 5,605 | 100.00% | |||
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Democratic | Joseph Hirkala (incumbent) | 33,047 | 63.88% | ||
| Republican | Louise Friedman | 18,682 | 36.12% | ||
| Total votes | 51,729 | 100.00% | |||
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Democratic | Joseph Hirkala (incumbent) | 12,412 | 100.00% | ||
| Total votes | 12,412 | 100.00% | |||
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Democratic | Joseph Hirkala (incumbent) | 28,628 | 69.63% | ||
| Republican | Herman Schmidt | 12,484 | 30.37% | ||
| Total votes | 41,112 | 100.00% | |||
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Democratic | Joseph Hirkala (incumbent) | 7,915 | 80.52% | ||
| Democratic | Michael Carlucci | 1,915 | 19.48% | ||
| Total votes | 9,830 | 100.00% | |||
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Democratic | Joseph Hirkala (incumbent) | 30,422 | 55.45% | ||
| Republican | Philip Gervato | 23,049 | 42.01% | ||
| Bergen Home Rule | Edna Perrotta | 1,395 | 2.54% | ||
| Total votes | 54,866 | 100.00% | |||
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Democratic | Joseph Hirkala (incumbent) | 4,397 | 100.00% | ||
| Total votes | 4,397 | 100.00% | |||
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Democratic | Joseph Hirkala (incumbent) | 28,325 | 58.35% | ||
| Republican | Joseph Job | 20,222 | 41.65% | ||
| Total votes | 48,547 | 100.00% | |||
References
[edit]- ^ "State Sen. Joseph Hirkala dies of heart attack at 63". The Record. January 2, 1987. p. B2 – via Newspapers.com.
{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ a b "In Service". Herald News. November 17, 1943. p. 12 – via Newspapers.com.
{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ a b c "Barszcz Names". Herald News. April 26, 1948. p. 2 – via Newspapers.com.
{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ "Cultural nostalgia draws Slovaks to Holmdel fest". The Star-Ledger. September 24, 1979. p. 13 – via Newspapers.com.
{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ "Miss Chorazy Nurse, Marries". Herald News. February 11, 1952. p. 10 – via Newspapers.com.
{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ a b "Hirkala Hat In Board Ring". Herald News. March 11, 1963. p. 17 – via Newspapers.com.
{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ "Clerk Granted Sick Leave Sans Pay". Paterson Morning Call. May 25, 1951. p. 27 – via Newspapers.com.
{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ "Hirkala Appoints Simon Manager". Herald News. April 15, 1963. p. 17 – via Newspapers.com.
{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ "Hirkala May Be Back Again". Herald News. May 15, 1963. p. 4 – via Newspapers.com.
{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ "Barszcz Names Payne Personal, Tax Collector". Herald News. April 26, 1948. p. 1 – via Newspapers.com.
{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ "Hirkala Returns To Passaic Post". Herald News. June 24, 1960. p. 21 – via Newspapers.com.
{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ "Hirkala Is Named Acting Registrar". Paterson Morning Call. March 3, 1965. p. 11 – via Newspapers.com.
{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ "McCauley Out, Hirkala Gets Job". Paterson Evening News. March 4, 1971. p. 1 – via Newspapers.com.
{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ "Passaic Names Galik Manager". Herald News. March 5, 1971. p. 1 – via Newspapers.com.
{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ "Galik Named Passaic Manager". Herald News. March 5, 1971. p. 2 – via Newspapers.com.
{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ "Passaic city clerk retires". Herald News. November 17, 1976. p. C2 – via Newspapers.com.
{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ "Hirkala Is Promoted to City Clerk". Paterson Evening News. November 29, 1976. p. 10 – via Newspapers.com.
{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ "Hirkala planning to retire from Passaic city clerk job". Herald News. February 23, 1984. p. B2 – via Newspapers.com.
{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ "Passaic council OKs Fiorellino as new city clerk". Herald News. December 20, 1985. p. 3A – via Newspapers.com.
{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ "Ex-Servicemen Organize Four Passaic Wards for Troast". Herald News. October 27, 1953. p. 4 – via Newspapers.com.
{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ "Hirkala's For Roe". The Morning Call. February 4, 1969. p. 6 – via Newspapers.com.
{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ "Hirkala Will Manage Campaign For Roe". The Record. September 24, 1970. p. B16 – via Newspapers.com.
{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ "Hirkala Backs Crabiel Bid For Governor". Paterson Evening News. February 22, 1973. p. 1 – via Newspapers.com.
{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ "Hirkala switches to Roe". The Record. March 1, 1973. p. A14 – via Newspapers.com.
{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ "The governor's race heating up". Courier News. March 1, 1973. p. A6 – via Newspapers.com.
{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ "Crabiel's withdrawal, support gives Byrne front-runner's role". The Record. May 3, 1973. p. A1 – via Newspapers.com.
{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ "Senator Joseph Hirkala Proudly Endorsees Bob Roe For Governor". Herald News. June 3, 1973. p. B3 – via Newspapers.com.
{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ "Grossi declines Paterson draft". The Record. June 13, 1972. p. A6 – via Newspapers.com.
{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ "Party Leaders Elected". Paterson Evening News. June 14, 1972. p. 1 – via Newspapers.com.
{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ "Hirkala: Let Eagleton go". Herald News. July 28, 1972. p. 17 – via Newspapers.com.
{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ "Hirkala Won't Seek Reelection As County Democratic Leader". Paterson Evening News. May 29, 1973. p. 1 – via Newspapers.com.
{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ "Upset in Bergen tops county leader voting". Herald News. June 13, 1973. p. 1 – via Newspapers.com.
{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ "Predict Quiet Election Except at Morris Polls". Paterson Evening News. September 9, 1967. p. 2 – via Newspapers.com.
{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ a b 1967 primary 1967, p. 11.
- ^ "Salow Says New Board Not Legal". Herald News. August 12, 1967. p. 9 – via Newspapers.com.
{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ a b 1967 election 1967, p. 12.
- ^ a b 1969 primary 1969, p. 12.
- ^ a b 1969 election 1969, p. 9.
- ^ a b 1971 primary 1971, p. 13.
- ^ a b 1971 election 1971, p. 12.
- ^ a b 1973 primary 1973, p. 14.
- ^ a b 1973 election 1973, p. 10.
- ^ a b 1977 primary 1977, p. 23.
- ^ a b 1977 election 1977, p. 11.
- ^ a b 1981 primary 1981, p. 17.
- ^ a b 1981 election 1981, p. 16.
- ^ a b 1983 primary 1983, p. 13.
- ^ a b 1983 election 1983, p. 20.
- ^ "Senate race in 30th District establishes record for campaign spending". The Star-Ledger. November 29, 1983. p. 29 – via Newspapers.com.
{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ "Compensation Law: 'Slight' Benefit Boon". Herald News. February 23, 1968. p. 22 – via Newspapers.com.
{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ "Senate Appoints Turner To Two Key Committees". Gloucester County Times. January 15, 1972. p. 7 – via Newspapers.com.
{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ "Dam repair bills is up for vote". The News. September 25, 1979. p. 2 – via Newspapers.com.
{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ "Hirkala Heads Senate Institutions Committee". Paterson Evening News. January 5, 1974. p. 1 – via Newspapers.com.
{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ "Senate names Hirkala to leadership post". Herald News. February 1, 1972. p. 2 – via Newspapers.com.
{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ "Democrat senators hold peaceful vote". Herald News. December 12, 1973. p. 6 – via Newspapers.com.
{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ "S. Jersey Clout Up In Trenton". Gloucester County Times. December 16, 1975. p. A2 – via Newspapers.com.
{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ "Senate majority leader resigns for judge's chair". Asbury Park Press. June 18, 1982. p. D1 – via Newspapers.com.
{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ "Russo expected to win Senate majority leader post". Home News Tribune. November 29, 1983. p. A6 – via Newspapers.com.
{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ "No improper conduct found against Hirkala". Herald News. February 14, 1975. p. 8 – via Newspapers.com.
{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ "Hirkala Recovers At Home". Paterson Evening News. September 1, 1978. p. 29 – via Newspapers.com.
{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ "Hirkala says he will not seek reelection". The Record. December 24, 1985. p. C1 – via Newspapers.com.
{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ "Hirkala 'stable' with phlebitis". Herald News. July 18, 1986. p. A12 – via Newspapers.com.
{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ "Hirkala announces he's running again". Herald News. November 24, 1986. p. A3 – via Newspapers.com.
{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ "Sen. Joseph Hirkala dies of heart attack at 63". The Star-Ledger. January 2, 1987. p. 1 – via Newspapers.com.
{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ "Russo urges Legislature to strive for compromise". Asbury Park Press. January 14, 1987. p. B18 – via Newspapers.com.
{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ "Ambrosio wins seat in Senate". Herald News. March 25, 1987. p. A1 – via Newspapers.com.
{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ "Hirkala Disavows Busing Support, Rival Skeptical". Paterson Evening News. October 27, 1967. p. 7 – via Newspapers.com.
{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ "Bill Would Give Paterson Judge". The Morning Call. January 23, 1968. p. 3 – via Newspapers.com.
{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ "Bill would freeze tuitions". Herald News. February 11, 1972. p. 2 – via Newspapers.com.
{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ "NJ Senate Restores Death Penalty". Paterson Evening News. May 12, 1972. p. 2 – via Newspapers.com.
{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ "Senate OKs death penalty". Herald News. November 25, 1980. p. A1 – via Newspapers.com.
{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ "Hirkala for SCI Continuance". Paterson Evening News. March 5, 1975. p. 10 – via Newspapers.com.
{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ "Bill to lift 'blue laws' advances". The Record. April 29, 1980. p. A22 – via Newspapers.com.
{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ "Lawmakers Ask Income Tax Ban". The Morning Call. November 20, 1968. p. 1 – via Newspapers.com.
{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ "How legislators line up on tax". The Star-Ledger. February 10, 1975. p. 4 – via Newspapers.com.
{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ "Hirkala says Leone should step aside". Herald News. June 26, 1975. p. 7 – via Newspapers.com.
{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ "How they voted". The Star-Ledger. December 14, 1982. p. 38 – via Newspapers.com.
{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ "Here's how they voted". Asbury Park Press. January 2, 1983. p. A5 – via Newspapers.com.
{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ "Cardinal Mindszenty Gets Senate Tribute". Paterson Evening News. May 12, 1975. p. 2 – via Newspapers.com.
{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ "25 protest return of crown". The Record. December 28, 1977. p. C3 – via Newspapers.com.
{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
Works cited
[edit]- Results of the Primary Election Held September 12, 1967 (PDF). Secretary of State of New Jersey. 1967.
- Results of the General Election Held November 7, 1967 (PDF). Secretary of State of New Jersey. 1967.
- Results of the Primary Election Held June 3, 1969 (PDF). Secretary of State of New Jersey. 1969.
- Results of the General Election Held November 4, 1969 (PDF). Secretary of State of New Jersey. 1969.
- Results of the Primary Election Held June 8, 1971 (PDF). Secretary of State of New Jersey. 1971.
- Results of the General Election Held November 2, 1971 (PDF). Secretary of State of New Jersey. 1971.
- Results of the Primary Election Held June 5, 1973 (PDF). Secretary of State of New Jersey. 1973.
- Results of the General Election Held November 6, 1973 (PDF). Secretary of State of New Jersey. 1973.
- Results of the Primary Election Held June 7, 1977 (PDF). Secretary of State of New Jersey. 1977.
- Results of the General Election Held November 8, 1977 (PDF). Secretary of State of New Jersey. 1977.
- Candidates For The Offices Of State Senate And General Assembly (PDF). Secretary of State of New Jersey. 1981.
- Candidates For The Offices Of State Senate And General Assembly (PDF). Secretary of State of New Jersey. 1981.
- Official Results Candidates For The Offices Of State Senate And General Assembly Primary Election - June 7, 1983 (PDF). Secretary of State of New Jersey. 1983.
- Candidates For The Offices Of State Senate And General Assembly (PDF). Secretary of State of New Jersey. 1983.