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John Hamilton Roberts

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For other people named John Roberts, see John Roberts (disambiguation).
John Hamilton Roberts
John Hamilton Roberts
Nickname(s)"Ham"
BornDecember 21, 1891
Pipestone, Manitoba, Canada
DiedDecember 17, 1962 (aged 70)
Jersey, Channel Islands, United Kingdom
Allegiance Canada
Service / branch
Years of service1914–1945
RankMajor General
Commands1st Field Regiment, Royal Canadian Artillery
1st Canadian Infantry Brigade2nd Canadian Infantry Division
Battles / warsWorld War I

World War II

AwardsCompanion of the Order of the Bath[1]
Distinguished Service Order[2]
Military Cross[3]

Major General John Hamilton "Ham" Roberts CB DSO MC (December 21, 1891 – December 17, 1962) was a Canadian Army officer who served in both of the world wars.

Biography

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Roberts was born in Pipestone, Manitoba. He studied in Upper Canada College and graduated from the Royal Military College of Canada in Kingston, Ontario, in 1914, student No. 891.

From 1939, he commanded the 1st Field Regiment, RCA, in northern France, and was serving in that position when the Germans began the Battle of France in May 1940. Roberts managed to save his regiment's guns while evacuating from Brest in Brittany during the unsuccessful attempt to establish a second British Expeditionary Force in France after the evacuation at Dunkirk. He was later promoted to major-general and appointed General Officer Commanding the 2nd Canadian Division in 1941.

Roberts was put in charge of the ground troops for the raid against Dieppe, on August 19, 1942. His command post was aboard HMS Calpe, and due to poor communications he had no idea how his troops were managing, until they called for landing craft for immediate evacuation. Roberts was criticized for unnecessarily committing his reserve troops (Les Fusiliers Mont-Royal) and inadvertently increasing the casualties.

He was relieved of his command six months later.[4] It was Roberts's inept performance during a war-game codenamed Operation Spartan in March 1943 rather than the Dieppe raid, which ended Roberts's career.[5] Lieutenant General Harry Crerar, commanding I Canadian Corps (and under whose command Robert's 2nd Division fell), reprimanded Roberts for the poor co-ordination between the 2nd Division's artillery and infantry during Operation Spartan war-games, and that Roberts failed to have forces dig in after seizing a bridgehead despite having ample time to do so.[5] After Operation Spartan, Roberts was judged unfit to hold a combat command. He was sent to command reinforcement units in the United Kingdom and received no further operational commands. He later retired to the Channel Islands where he died in 1962, at the age of 70.[6]

Notes

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  1. ^ "No. 37120". The London Gazette (Supplement). 8 June 1945. p. 3033.
  2. ^ "No. 35729". The London Gazette (Supplement). 2 October 1942. p. 4328.
  3. ^ "No. 29886". The London Gazette (Supplement). 29 December 1916. p. 45.
  4. ^ Neillands, Robin The Dieppe Raid
  5. ^ a b English, John The Canadian Army and the Normandy Campaign: A Study of Failure in High Command, New York: Praeger, 1991 page 147.
  6. ^ CBC interview, Dieppe 2 h Anniversary, Dieppe miniseries DVD

References

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  • 4237 Dr. Adrian Preston & Peter Dennis (Edited) "Swords and Covenants" Rowman And Littlefield, London. Croom Helm. 1976.
  • H16511 Dr. Richard Arthur Preston "To Serve Canada: A History of the Royal Military College of Canada" 1997 Toronto, University of Toronto Press, 1969.
  • H16511 Dr. Richard Arthur Preston "Canada's RMC - A History of Royal Military College" Second Edition 1982
  • H1877 R. Guy C. Smith (editor) "As You Were! Ex-Cadets Remember". In 2 Volumes. Volume I: 1876-1918. Volume II: 1919-1984. Royal Military College. [Kingston]. The R.M.C. Club of Canada. 1984
[edit]
Military offices
Preceded by GOC 2nd Canadian Infantry Division
1941–1943 		Succeeded by
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