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International District, Albuquerque, New Mexico

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Coordinates: 35°4′21″N 106°34′06″W / 35.07250°N 106.56833°W / 35.07250; -106.56833
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
International District
Neighborhood of Albuquerque
The Tewa Lodge on Central Ave.
The Tewa Lodge on Central Ave.
Map
Coordinates: 35°4′21″N 106°34′06″W / 35.07250°N 106.56833°W / 35.07250; -106.56833
CountryUnited States
StateNew Mexico
CountyBernalillo
CityAlbuquerque
Government
[1]
 • City CouncilNichole Rogers
 • State HouseG. Andrés Romero (D)
Debra M. Sariñana (D)
Kay Bounkeua (D)
 • State SenateAntoinette Sedillo Lopez (D)
Mimi Stewart (D)
 • U.S. HouseMelanie Stansbury (D)
Area
 • Total
3.87 sq mi (10.0 km2)
Population
 (2010)[2]
 • Total
29,796
 • Density7,699/sq mi (2,973/km2)
ZIP Code
87108[1]
Area code505

The International District is a neighborhood in southeast Albuquerque, New Mexico. It is centered on Central Avenue, the historic alignment of U.S. Route 66, and contains the New Mexico State Fairgrounds. The community is one of the most diverse areas of the city and is home to a large number of international restaurants and grocery stores,[3] as well as the city's "Little Saigon" Vietnamese enclave.[4] It is also one of the poorest areas in the city and has an extremely high violent crime rate. Although re-branded by city officials as the International District in 2009, Albuquerque residents continue to refer to the neighborhood by its longtime nickname, The War Zone.

Geography

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As defined by the city of Albuquerque's Sector Development Plan, the International District consists of the 3.9-square-mile (10 km2) area bounded by San Mateo Boulevard, Lomas Boulevard, Wyoming Boulevard, and Gibson Boulevard. This area includes the communities of Fair West, La Mesa, South San Pedro, Trumbull Village, and Elder Homestead, as well as Expo New Mexico, the site of the New Mexico State Fair.[5] The district was similarly defined in resolutions passed by the Albuquerque City Council and New Mexico State Senate, although Siesta Hills was not explicitly mentioned.[6][7] The neighborhood's main commercial thoroughfares are Central Avenue, Zuni Road, and Gibson Boulevard (east-west) and San Pedro Drive and Louisiana Boulevard (north-south). As Central is the dividing axis of Albuquerque's quadrant system, the International District is split between the Northeast and Southeast quadrants.

Demographics

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As of the 2010 Census, the International District had a total population of 29,796.[2]

The racial makeup of the neighborhood was:[8]

Hispanic or Latino people of any race made up 60% of the population.

In 2016, an estimated 41% of neighborhood residents were below the federal poverty level.[9]

History

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Before World War II, the area that now makes up the International District was mostly unpopulated apart from the small community of La Mesa and a few other scattered homesteads, some owned by African Americans.[10] The New Mexico State Fairgrounds were built there in 1938. After the war, Albuquerque experienced a major population boom, with many new residents attracted by government jobs at Kirtland Air Force Base and Sandia National Laboratories. As the city's population soared from 35,499 to 201,189 between 1940 and 1960, neighborhoods in the eastern part of the city like the International District were rapidly developed.[11] Meanwhile, a business district filled with motels, diners, and service stations developed along Central Avenue, which was designated as part of the famous U.S. Route 66 in 1937.

In the 1960s, the area struggled economically after Kirtland transferred much of its personnel to on-base housing and Interstate 40 took most of the long-haul traffic away from Route 66. The International District's abundance of low-cost motels and apartments made it a landing place for immigrants and other newcomers to the city, including refugees from Southeast Asia (especially Vietnam) and later Central America.[12] However, the neighborhood also attracted a significant amount of criminal activity, which led to its notoriety as the "War Zone" by the late 1980s.[13] A 1991 article from the Albuquerque Journal described East Central as "a loose-jointed carnival of sex, drugs and booze" with drug dealers and prostitutes operating openly.[14] Violent crime was a problem as well, with 34 homicides recorded in southeast Albuquerque in 1996 (more than half of the city's total) and 11 in Trumbull Village alone.[15] In 1997, the city put up barricades in the neighborhood to make it harder for criminals to get in and out.[16]

Eventually, thanks in part to efforts by neighborhood residents, the crime rate decreased and the barricades were removed. In 2009, residents who resented the War Zone name persuaded city leaders to officially re-brand the area as the International District, highlighting its diverse community rather than crime.[17] The first International Festival was held later that year.[12] Despite these changes, crime has continued to be an issue in the neighborhood. In 2017, the Journal reported that it was "the most violent place in the city in the past three years and is home to both victims and suspects." Between 2014 and 2016, 10% of addresses in the neighborhood reported a violent crime, and 25% reported a property crime. One business in the neighborhood reported 98 violent crimes during that period.[18] In 2018, the International District was ranked as the worst neighborhood in New Mexico for the health and well-being of young children.[19]

Points of interest

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Two sites in the International District are listed on the National Register of Historic Places: the National Humane Alliance Animal Fountain, which sits in front of the headquarters of Animal Humane New Mexico on Virginia St., and the Tewa Lodge on Central Ave. Another historic motel, the La Mesa Motel, is no longer standing. Other notable sites include the New Mexico State Fairgrounds (Expo New Mexico), Tingley Coliseum, the Bank of the West Tower, once New Mexico's tallest building, and the Cal-Linn Building, which was the original headquarters of Microsoft.[20] The neighborhood is also known for its assortment of international restaurants and grocery stores.

Education

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Albuquerque Public Schools operates two elementary schools, Emerson and La Mesa, and two middle schools, Wilson and Van Buren, in the International District. Students in some parts of the neighborhood also attend Hawthorne, Mark Twain, Sandia Base, Wherry, Whittier, and Zia Elementary Schools, and Hayes Middle School. High school students in the International District attend Highland High School.[21]

Transportation

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ABQ Ride operates public transit in the neighborhood, including the 11 Lomas, 16 Broadway-University-Gibson, 31 Wyoming, 34 San Pedro Commuter, 66 Central, 96 Crosstown Commuter, 97 Zuni, 98 Wyoming Commuter, 140/141 San Mateo, 157 Montaño-Uptown-Kirtland, 217 Downtown-Kirtland Limited, 222 Rio Bravo-Sunport-Kirtland, 766 Rapid Ride Red Line, and 777 Rapid Ride Green Line city bus routes.[22] The Albuquerque Rapid Transit (ART) bus rapid transit system also serves the International District via its San Mateo, San Pedro, Louisiana, and Wyoming stations.

References

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  1. ^ a b "Advanced Map Viewer". City of Albuquerque. Retrieved April 25, 2018.
  2. ^ a b "2010 Census Summary File 1, Table P1". U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved April 25, 2018.
  3. ^ McKay, Dan (February 3, 2009). "Introducing the "International District"". Albuquerque Journal. Retrieved April 25, 2018.
  4. ^ "Culture & Heritage: Asian American". Visit Albuquerque. Retrieved April 25, 2018.
  5. ^ "International District Zone Boundary Map" (PDF). City of Albuquerque Planning Department. Retrieved April 20, 2018.
  6. ^ "New Mexico Senate Joint Memorial 24-2009" (PDF). New Mexico State Legislature. Retrieved May 30, 2018.
  7. ^ "Albuquerque City Council Resolution 09-203". CABQ Legistar. Retrieved May 30, 2018.
  8. ^ "2010 Census Summary File 1, Table P9". U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved April 25, 2018.
  9. ^ "2012–2016 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimate, Table B17021". U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved April 25, 2018.
  10. ^ Snyder, Christy; Glanzberg, Joel; Mang, Nicholas (2015). Huston, Allegra (ed.). The International District (PDF). Story of Place Institute. Retrieved April 24, 2018.
  11. ^ Kammer, David. "Albuquerque 1945-1959". New Mexico Office of the State Historian. Retrieved September 29, 2017.
  12. ^ a b Keller, Tim (July 4, 2014). "History of Albuquerque's International District". Green Fire Times. Archived from the original on January 15, 2018. Retrieved April 24, 2018.
  13. ^ Rosales, Glen (June 18, 1989). "Drug Arrest Goads Residents To Reclaim 'War Zone'". Albuquerque Journal. Retrieved April 24, 2018 – via Newspapers.com.
  14. ^ Brewer, Steve (August 4, 1991). "East Central: Caught in the Middle". Albuquerque Journal. Retrieved April 24, 2018 – via Newspapers.com.
  15. ^ Belshaw, Jim (May 8, 1998). "Single Digit Measurement". Albuquerque Journal. Retrieved April 24, 2018 – via Newspapers.com.
  16. ^ Jones, Jeff (March 19, 1997). "Neighborhood's Barricades Designed To Keep Criminals Out". Albuquerque Journal. Retrieved April 25, 2018 – via Newspapers.com.
  17. ^ "'International District' Official". Albuquerque Journal. March 6, 2009. Retrieved April 25, 2018 – via Newspapers.com.
  18. ^ "Southeast crime zone has 6.7% of city's population, 27% of murders". Albuquerque Journal. August 14, 2017. Retrieved April 25, 2018.
  19. ^ Linthicum, Leslie (February 18, 2018). "This is home: Stories from one of Albuquerque's toughest neighborhoods". Las Cruces Sun-News. Retrieved April 25, 2018.
  20. ^ Metcalf, Richard (September 14, 2006). "Microsoft's ABQ Cradle Is on the Market". Albuquerque Journal. Retrieved April 25, 2018.
  21. ^ "School Locations & Districts". City of Albuquerque. Retrieved April 26, 2018.
  22. ^ "Bus Routes & Schedules". City of Albuquerque. Retrieved April 25, 2018.
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