Bolinao language
| Bolinao | |
|---|---|
| Bino-Bolinao, Binubolinao, Binubulinao, Boliano, Bolinao Sambal, Bolinao Zambal, Bulinaw, Sambal Bolinao | |
| Binu-Bolinao | |
| Native to | Philippines |
| Region | Bolinao and Anda, Pangasinan |
| Ethnicity | Bolinao people |
Native speakers | 51,000 (2007 census)[1] |
| Latin (Filipino alphabet) Historically Baybayin | |
| Official status | |
| Regulated by | Komisyon sa Wikang Filipino |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | smk |
| Glottolog | boli1256 |
The Bolinao language or Binubolinao is a Central Luzon language spoken primarily in the municipalities of Bolinao and Anda, Pangasinan in the Philippines. It has approximately 50,000 speakers,[2] making it the second most widely spoken Sambalic language. Most Bolinao speakers can speak Pangasinan and/or Ilocano. Ethnologue reports 510 monolinguals for this language.[3]
Phonology
[edit]Bolinao has 21 phonemes: 16 consonants and five vowels. Syllable structure is relatively simple. Each syllable contains at least a consonant and a vowel.
Vowels
[edit]Bolinao has five vowels. They are:
- /a/ an open front unrounded vowel similar to English father
- /ə/ (written as ⟨e⟩) a mid central vowel pronounced as in English telephone
- /i/ a close front unrounded vowel similar to English machine
- /o/ a close-mid back rounded vowel similar to English forty
- /u/ a close back rounded vowel similar to English flute
There are six main diphthongs: /aɪ/, /əɪ/, /oɪ/, /uɪ/, /aʊ/, and /iʊ/.
Consonants
[edit]Below is a chart of Bolinao consonants. All the stops are unaspirated. The velar nasal occurs in all positions including at the beginning of a word.
| Bilabial | Dental | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | m | n | (ny) /ɲ/ | ng /ŋ/ | ||
| Plosive | Voiceless | p | t | k | ’ /ʔ/ | |
| Voiced | b | d | g | |||
| Affricate | Voiceless | (ts) | (ty) /tʃ/ | |||
| Voiced | (dy) /dʒ/ | |||||
| Fricative | s | (sy) /ʃ/ | h | |||
| Flap | ɾ | |||||
| Approximant | j | w | ||||
| Lateral | l | (ly) /ʎ/ | ||||
Language comparison
[edit]A common proverb[4] from Filipino hero Jose Rizal in English, "He who does not acknowledge his beginnings will not reach his destination," is translated into Bolinao, followed by the provincial language Pangasinan, the regional language Ilocano, and the original in Tagalog for comparison:
| Bolinao | Si'ya a kai tanda' nin lumingap sa pinangibwatan na, kai ya makarate' sa keen na. |
| Pangasinan | Say toon agga onlingao ed pinanlapuan to, agga makasabi'd laen to. |
| Ilocano | Ti tao nga saan na ammo tumaliaw iti naggapuanna ket saan nga makadanon iti papananna. |
| Tagalog | Ang hindi marunong lumingon sa pinanggalingan ay hindi makararating sa paroroonan. |
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Bolinao at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
- ^ Ethnologue (1990)
- ^ https://www.ethnologue.com/language/smk (subscription required)
- ^ "National Philippine Proverb in Various Philippine Languages". Carl Rubino's Homepage.
Persons, Gary. (1978). Bolinao: A Preliminary Phonemic Statement. Summer Institute of Linguistics.
External links
[edit]
- Binubolinao.com, website dedicated to the preservation of the Bolinao language.
- bolinao.webonary.org, an online Binubolinao or Bolinao dictionary.
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