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HMS Sturdy (1919)

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For other ships with the same name, see HMS Sturdy.

Sturdy in 1936
History
United Kingdom
NameSturdy
OrderedJune 1917
BuilderScotts, Greenock
Yard number495
Laid downApril 1918
Launched26 June 1919
Commissioned8 October 1919
Out of service30 October 1940
FateGrounded off the island Tiree
General characteristics
Class and typeS-class destroyer
Displacement
Length265 ft (80.8 m) p.p.
Beam26 ft 8 in (8.1 m)
Draught9 ft 10 in (3.0 m) mean
Installed power3 Yarrow boilers, 27,000 shp (20,000 kW)
Propulsion2 geared Brown-Curtis steam turbines, 2 shafts
Speed36 kn (41 mph; 67 km/h)
Range2,750 nmi (5,093 km) at 15 kn (28 km/h)
Complement90
Armament

HMS Sturdy was an S-class destroyer, which served with the Royal Navy. Launched in 1919, the destroyer visited the Free City of Danzig the following year but then spent most of the next decade in the Reserve Fleet. After a brief period of service in Ireland in 1931, Sturdy was divested of armament in 1934 and equipped with a single davit to rescue ditched aircraft, and acted as plane guard to the aircraft carrier Courageous. The ship subsequently took part in the 1935 Naval Review. Re-armed as a minelayer, the destroyer was recommissioned the following year and reactivated at the start of the Second World War. Sturdy was then employed escorting convoys in the Atlantic Ocean, but ran aground off the coast off the Inner Hebrides island at Tiree in 1940. The vessel was split in two by the waves. The crew evacuated, apart from three sailors who died, and the destroyer was lost.

Design and development

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Main article: S-class destroyer

Sturdy was one of thirty-three Admiralty S class destroyers ordered by the British Admiralty in June 1917 as part of the Twelfth War Construction Programme. The design was a development of the R class introduced as a cheaper and faster alternative to the V and W class.[1] Differences with the R class were minor, such as having the searchlight moved aft.[2]

Sturdy had an overall length of 276 ft (84.1 m) and a length of 265 ft (80.8 m) between perpendiculars. Beam was 26 ft 8 in (8.1 m) and draught 9 ft 10 in (3.0 m). Displacement was 1,000 long tons (1,000 t) normal and 1,220 long tons (1,240 t) deep load.[3] Three Yarrow boilers fed steam to two sets of Brown-Curtis geared steam turbines rated at 27,000 shaft horsepower (20,000 kW) and driving two shafts, giving a design speed of 36 knots (67 km/h; 41 mph). Two funnels were fitted.[4] The vessel carried 301 long tons (306 t) of fuel oil, giving a design range of 2,750 nautical miles (5,093 km; 3,165 mi) at 15 knots (28 km/h; 17 mph).[5]

Armament consisted of three single QF 4 in (102 mm) Mk IV guns on the ship's centreline.[4] One was mounted raised on the forecastle, one on a platform between the funnels and one aft.[6] The ship also mounted a single 2-pounder 40 mm (1.6 in) "pom-pom" anti-aircraft gun for air defence. Four 21 in (533 mm) torpedo tubes were carried in two twin rotating mounts aft.[4] Three depth charge chutes were fitted aft, with typically ten depth charges carried. Eight depth charge throwers were later added.[7] The ship was designed to mount two additional fixed 18 in (457 mm) torpedo tubes either side of the superstructure but this required the forecastle plating to be cut away, making the vessel very wet, so they were removed.[2] The weight saved enabled the heavier Mark V 21-inch torpedo to be carried.[1] The ship had a complement of 90 officers and ratings.[8]

Construction and career

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Laid down in April 1918 by Scotts in Greenock with the yard number 495, Sturdy was launched on 26 June 1919.[1][9] The vessel was the first of the name in Royal Navy service.[10] Commissioned on 8 October 1919, the ship was placed in the Reserve Fleet at Portsmouth under the dreadnought King George V and acted as tender to HMS Columbine, the depot at Port Edgar.[11][12]

On 31 January 1920, in preparation for a plebiscite in the Free City of Danzig, the British increased their presence in the city. On 1 February, Sturdy and the light cruiser Danae arrived to protect the High Commissioner, Reginald Tower.[13] The role did not last long and Sturdy remained in reserve throughout the following decade. On 13 March 1931, it was announced that Sturdy would be recommissioned for service in the Republic of Ireland.[14] The ship arrived in early April, returning to Devonport for 8 December for repairs to the ship and to give leave for the crew.[15] The destroyer and sister ship Tenedos, based at Cobh and Berehaven, would be replaced at the Irish station by Amazon and Ambuscade, with Sturdy and Tenedos transferring back to the Reserve Fleet.[16]

On 7 May 1934, Sturdy was taken out of reserve and re-equipped as an attendant to the aircraft carrier Courageous.[17] For the role, all armament was removed to lighten the ship, and thus maximise speed, and a davit was installed on a forecastle to enable ditched aircraft to be recovered.[18] The destroyer acted in the guise during joint exercises that took place between 8 and 13 September in the Humber.[19][20]Sturdy, on 18 May 1935, subsequently hosted the Lord Mayor of London Stephen Killik and, on 16 July, took part in a naval review in front of George V and Queen Mary.[21][22] On 14 January 1936, the destroyer accompanied Courageous on a cruise to the Mediterranean Sea. The cruise involved much of the Home Fleet, led by the battleships Nelson and Rodney. The destroyer accompanied Rodney to Las Palmas and Tenerife between 6 and 14 February.[23][24] On 16 July, Sturdy returned to Britain and Soon afterwards, was re-commissioned to reserve with armament restored on 5 December.[25][26]

At the start of the Second World War, the destroyer served under the command of Lieutenant-commander George Cooper, who had been appointed on 31 July 1939.[27] The ship was configured as a minelayer, capable of carrying up to forty mines instead of the aft guns and torpedo tubes.[5] However, the vessel did not use this capacity, instead being deployed to escort convoys in the Battle of the Atlantic. The destroyer was one of the escorts for Convoy HX 79 which, on 19 October, suffered heavily under U-boat wolfpack. Twelve ships were sunk in a torpedo attack that lasted six hours.[28] On 26 October 1940, Sturdy accompanied sister ship Shikari on an outbound voyage to meet the convoy SC 8 sailing from the United States. Poor weather meant that the ship lost sight of the other destroyer and on 29 October, the captain decided to head instead to Derry.[27] Early the following morning, the destroyer was grounded by the bow at 56 29'N, 06 59'W, off the Inner Hebrides island at Tiree near to the west coast of Scotland.[29] Sturdy could not be released, and instead was evacuated. Three sailors died, but the remainder escaped to shore. The force of the waves broke the ship in half, the stern detaching and swinging round. The wreck was then left to be dispersed by the sea.[27]

Pennant numbers

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Pennant number
Pennant number Date
F96 January 1919[30]
D87 November 1919[31]
F55 December 1920[32]
H28 January 1922[33]
H28 July 1935[22]

References

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Citations

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  1. ^ a b c Preston 1985, p. 85.
  2. ^ a b March 1966, p. 221.
  3. ^ Friedman 2009, p. 297.
  4. ^ a b c Preston 1985, p. 84.
  5. ^ a b Lenton 1998, p. 137.
  6. ^ Friedman 2009, p. 163.
  7. ^ Friedman 2009, pp. 235–236.
  8. ^ Parkes & Prendergast 1969, p. 103.
  9. ^ Kemble 1961, p. 105.
  10. ^ Colledge & Warlow 2006, p. 335.
  11. ^ "IV. Vessels under the VAC Reserve Fleet". The Navy List: 707–707a. April 1920. Retrieved 23 September 2021 – via National Library of Scotland.
  12. ^ "840a Sturdy". The Navy List: 868. April 1920. Retrieved 23 September 2021 – via National Library of Scotland.
  13. ^ "Keeping The Ring For Plebiscites: British Troops in Danzig". The Times. No. 42323. 2 February 1920. p. 11.
  14. ^ "Royal Navy: Irish Flotilla Change". The Times. No. 45770. 13 March 1931. p. 26.
  15. ^ "Royal Navy: The Irish Flotilla". The Times. No. 46000. 8 December 1931. p. 6.
  16. ^ "Royal Navy: Irish Division Reliefs". The Times. No. 46104. 11 April 1932. p. 7.
  17. ^ "Royal Air Force: Aircraft Carrier Attendants". The Times. No. 46748. 8 May 1934. p. 6.
  18. ^ March 1966, p. 219.
  19. ^ "Royal Navy: The Combined Exercises". The Times. No. 46829. 10 August 1934. p. 19.
  20. ^ "Movements of Ships". The Times. No. 46860. 15 September 1934. p. 15.
  21. ^ "The Home Fleet's Visit: Lord Mayor in Battleship and Destroyer". The Times. No. 47068. 20 May 1935. p. 16.
  22. ^ a b Ransome-Wallis 1982, p. 25.
  23. ^ "Home Fleet Cruise: Visits to Spain and Portugal". The Times. No. 47271. 14 January 1936. p. 14.
  24. ^ "German Flying Boat Safe". The Times. No. 47299. 15 February 1936. p. 11.
  25. ^ "Home Fleet Leaving Gibraltar". The Times. No. 47429. 17 July 1936. p. 13.
  26. ^ "Sturdy". The Navy List: 287. February 1939. Retrieved 23 September 2021 – via National Library of Scotland.
  27. ^ a b c Evans 2010, p. 43.
  28. ^ Rohwer, Hümmelchen & Watts 1974, p. 59.
  29. ^ Kemp 1999, p. 133.
  30. ^ Dittmar & Colledge 1972, p. 75.
  31. ^ Bush & Warlow 2021, p. 41.
  32. ^ Bush & Warlow 2021, p. 45.
  33. ^ Bush & Warlow 2021, p. 72.

Bibliography

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  • Bush, Steve; Warlow, Ben (2021). Pendant Numbers of the Royal Navy: A Complete History of the Allocation of Pendant Numbers to Royal Navy Warships & Auxiliaries. Barnsley: Seaforth Publishing. ISBN 978-1-526793-78-2.
  • Colledge, J. J.; Warlow, Ben (2006). Ships of the Royal Navy: a complete record of all fighting ships of the Royal Navy from the 15th century to the present. London: Chatham. ISBN 978-1-85367-566-9.
  • Dittmar, F.J.; Colledge, J.J. (1972). British Warships 1914–1919. Shepperton: Ian Allan. ISBN 978-0-71100-380-4.
  • Evans, Arthur (2010). Destroyer Down: An Account of HM Destroyer Losses, 1939-1945. Barnsley: Pen & Sword Maritime. ISBN 978-1-84884-270-0.
  • Friedman, Norman (2009). British Destroyers: From Earliest Days to the First World War. Barnsley: Seaforth Publishing. ISBN 978-1-84832-049-9.
  • Kemble, John Haskell (1961). Two Hundred & Fifty Years of Shipbuilding by the Scotts at Greenock. Glasgow: James Jack Advertising. OCLC 776430979.
  • Kemp, Paul (1999). The Admiralty Regrets: British Warship Losses of the 20th Century. Stroud: Sutton. ISBN 978-0-75091-567-0.
  • Lenton, Henry T. (1998). British and Empire Warships of the Second World War. London: Greenhill Books. ISBN 978-1-85367-277-4.
  • March, Edgar J. (1966). British Destroyers: A History of Development, 1892–1953. London: Seeley Service. OCLC 164893555.
  • Parkes, Oscar; Prendergast, Maurice (1969). Jane's Fighting Ships 1919. Newton Abbott: David & Charles. OCLC 907574860.
  • Preston, Antony (1985). "Great Britain and Empire Forces". In Gardiner, Robert; Gray, Randal (eds.). Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1906–1921. London: Conway Maritime Press. pp. 1–104. ISBN 978-0-85177-245-5.
  • Ransome-Wallis, Patrick (1982). The Royal Naval Reviews 1935-1977. London: Ian Allan. ISBN 978-0-71101-166-3.
  • Rohwer, Jürgen; Hümmelchen, Gerhard; Watts, Anthony John (1974). Chronology of the War at Sea, 1939–1945: 1939–1942. London: Ian Allan. ISBN 978-0-71100-368-2.
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