Draft:Tmax (pharmacology)
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Tmax is the time it takes for a pharmaceutical to attain maximum plasma concentration or the time to (Cmax) after it is administered. Tmax is a function of the rate of drug absorption and the rate of drug elimination. At Tmax, the rate of drug absorption is equal to the rate of drug elimination.
Description
[edit]Tmax is a measure of the rate of availability, of how quickly it takes for a pharmaceutical to exert it's therapeutic action. Cmax is the opposite of Cmin, which is the minimum (or trough) concentration that a drug achieves after dosing. The related pharmacokinetic parameter tmax is the time at which the Cmax is observed.[1]
The value for tmax is affected by many of the same drug and patient characteristics that determine the Cmax value, including administration route and formulation, as well as the relative rates of absorption, distribution and clearance. It might be expected that weak acids, which are absorbed rapidly and extensively from the stomach, may show tmax values shorter, on average, than do weak bases.
Drugs of abuse often have a short tmax, since a short time between administration and drug effect is more reinforcing of behaviour.
After an intravenous administration, Cmax and tmax are closely dependent on the experimental protocol, since the concentrations are always decreasing after the dose. But after oral administration, Cmax and tmax are dependent on the extent, and the rate of drug absorption and the disposition profile of the drug. They could be used to characterize the properties of different formulations in the same subject.[2]
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Amy Newlands. "Statistics and Pharmacokinetics in Clinical Pharmacology Studies" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-11-13.
- ^ Urso R, Blardi P, Giorgi G (March 2002). "A short introduction to pharmacokinetics". Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 6 (2–3): 33–44. PMID 12708608.