Draft:NorthShoreLife Sandbox Airbnb
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[edit]Sustainability
[edit]Introduction
[edit]Airbnb, operating in the sharing economy business model, promotes the optimization and efficiency of existing resource usage, particularly infrastructure and energy.[1] By enabling property owners to rent out their unused spaces, the sharing economy model not only maximizes the use of existing assets but also reduces the demand for new infrastructure, contingent on sustainable travel. However, as a digital platform facilitating transactions between 200 million users as of 2020, the company poses a significant energy demand through both its operating headquarters and data management facilities.[2]
Sustainability in the Sharing Economy
[edit]The sharing economy, embodied by Airbnb and accompanied by corporations such as Uber, Lyft, Zipcar, and others, marks a pivotal shift in resource utilization. It permits the pooling of household resources for market exchange, enabling a more efficient use of property.[3] Based on this recognition, Airbnb has been pinpointed as a sustainable alternative to conventional accommodations, such as hotels.[4] Studies, such as the Cleantech Groups 2018 analysis of Airbnb,[5] have highlighted Airbnb’s efficient resource usage, citing that those accommodations on Airbnb’s platform consumed 12% less water than hotel accommodations per guest per night in North America, while the figure grew to a 48% decrease in water consumption compared to hotel accommodations in Europe.[1] Additionally, properties listed on Airbnb’s platform consume roughly 63% less energy than traditional alternatives per guest per night in North America, and 78% less energy in Europe.[6] In 2020, a study focused on Sydney, Australia, concluded that Airbnb’s platform and its hosts contributed a direct and indirect carbon footprint of between 7.27 to 9.39 kg of CO2 per room per night.[7]
Challenges of Digital Operations
[edit]While Airbnb does not operate or own its own data centers, outsourcing these services still greatly contributes to climate change through significant energy consumption and carbon emissions corresponding to data storage and processing. Data management facilities account for roughly 2.5% to 3.7% of global greenhouse gas emissions.[8] This figure exceeds emissions from sectors such as aviation, shipping, and tobacco & food processing. The electricity powering data management facilities often stems from immense fossil fuel usage, leading to indirect emissions.[9] Furthermore, the construction of data centers contributes to carbon emissions through energy-extensive materials such as concrete and metals.[10] The data center sector is increasingly focusing on more efficient operations strategies, specifically implementing renewable energy sources and enhancing cooling technologies.[11]
Climate Change's Impact on Airbnb
[edit]Climate change is influencing Airbnb and it's operations by warranting adaptations in it's current business model and service offerings to address environmental concerns, particularly those associated with travel and tourism.[12] Airbnb acknowledges potential risks to it's operations stemming from the physical effects of climate change, which include more frequent and severe weather events, rising sea levels, and environmental degradation.[12] These anticipated challenges may have material affects on Airbnb's business and operations by damaging host properties, limiting listings in affected areas, increasing operating costs and insurance, and potentially contributing to a decline in hosts and guests alike.[13] Airbnb must emphasize the importance of adapting to these potential externalities to mitigate unfavorable effects on their business model and ensure the sustainability of their corporation.[14]
Host Sustainability Efforts
[edit]A 2010 study suggests Airbnb hosts display a strong interest in environmental certification programs, suggesting a commitment to environmental sustainability practices.[15] The results of the study align with a desire to adopt practices that not only reduce host environmental impact but also attract an influx of guests who value eco-friendly accommodation.[15]
Sustainability Reporting
[edit]Sustainability reporting is pivotal as it demonstrates a company's commitment to environmental sustainability and social responsibility. For companies like Airbnb, transparent and consistent reporting promotes trust among all stakeholders, including both hosts and guests, by emphasizing an effort to minimize environmental impact from operations and promoting sustainable business practices.[16] While Airbnb currently does not disclose extensive sustainability information, as an industry leader, Airbnb has the opportunity to embrace greater transparency, which may benefit both the company and the broader community.[17]
References
[edit]- ^ a b Midgett, Chelsea (2017). The Sharing Economy and Sustainability: A Case for Airbnb. Small Business Institute. p. 57.
- ^ cycles, This text provides general information Statista assumes no liability for the information given being complete or correct Due to varying update; Text, Statistics Can Display More up-to-Date Data Than Referenced in the. "Topic: Airbnb". Statista. Retrieved 2024-03-04.
- ^ Geissinger, Andrea; Laurell, Christofer; Öberg, Christina; Sandström, Christian (2019-01-01). "How sustainable is the sharing economy? On the sustainability connotations of sharing economy platforms". Journal of Cleaner Production. 206: 419–429. Bibcode:2019JCPro.206..419G. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.09.196. ISSN 0959-6526.
- ^ Zvolska, Lucie (September 2015). Sustainability Potentials of the Sharing Economy: The case of accommodation sharing platforms. The International Institute for Industrial Environmental Economics. pp. 49–56.
- ^ Mirza, Nisa (2020-06-29). "The Circular Economy Meets Furniture: The Future of Rentals and Sharing". Cleantech Group. Retrieved 2024-03-04.
- ^ Author, This. "Is the Sharing Economy Truly Green? | Sierra Club". www.sierraclub.org. Retrieved 2024-03-04.
{{cite web}}:|last=has generic name (help) - ^ Cheng, Mingming (9 August 2019). The sharing economy and sustainability – assessing Airbnb's direct, indirect and induced carbon footprint in Sydney. Taylor & Francis Online. p. 32.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link) - ^ Kilgore, Georgette (2023-01-26). "Carbon Footprint of Data Centers & Data Storage Per Country (Calculator)". 8 Billion Trees: Carbon Offset Projects & Ecological Footprint Calculators. Retrieved 2024-03-04.
- ^ Ewim, Daniel Raphael Ejike; Ninduwezuor-Ehiobu, Nwakamma; Orikpete, Ochuko Felix; Egbokhaebho, Blessed Afeyokalo; Fawole, Akeeb Adepoju; Onunka, Chiemela (2023-08-17). "Impact of Data Centers on Climate Change: A Review of Energy Efficient Strategies". The Journal of Engineering and Exact Sciences. 9 (6): 16397–01e. doi:10.18540/jcecvl9iss6pp16397-01e. ISSN 2527-1075.
- ^ Khatib, Jamal (2016). Sustainability of Construction Materials (2nd ed.). Science Direct. pp. 16–20. ISBN 9780081003916.
- ^ Manganelli, Matteo; Soldati, Alessandro; Martirano, Luigi; Ramakrishna, Seeram (January 2021). "Strategies for Improving the Sustainability of Data Centers via Energy Mix, Energy Conservation, and Circular Energy". Sustainability. 13 (11): 6114. doi:10.3390/su13116114. ISSN 2071-1050.
- ^ a b "Document". www.sec.gov. Retrieved 2024-03-31.
- ^ While, Aidan; Whitehead, Mark (May 2013). "Cities, Urbanisation and Climate Change". Urban Studies. 50 (7): 1325–1331. Bibcode:2013UrbSt..50.1325W. doi:10.1177/0042098013480963. ISSN 0042-0980.
- ^ Caldicott, Rodney W.; von der Heidt, Tania; Scherrer, Pascal; Muschter, Sabine; Canosa, Antonia (2020-01-01). "Airbnb – exploring triple bottom line impacts on community". International Journal of Culture, Tourism and Hospitality Research. 14 (2): 205–223. doi:10.1108/IJCTHR-07-2019-0134. ISSN 1750-6182.
- ^ a b Fudurich, Geoffrey (2017). EXPLORING THE OPPORTUNITY FOR AN ENVIRONMENTAL CERTIFICATION PROGRAM FOR AIRBNB HOMEOWNER HOSTS. University of Guelph. pp. 133 to 139.
- ^ Arora, Manpreet; Rathore, Sunaina (2024), Sharma, Anukrati (ed.), "Sustainability Reporting and Research and Development in Tourism Industry: A Qualitative Inquiry of Present Trends and Avenues", International Handbook of Skill, Education, Learning, and Research Development in Tourism and Hospitality, Singapore: Springer Nature, pp. 1–17, doi:10.1007/978-981-99-3895-7_33-1, ISBN 978-981-99-3895-7, retrieved 2024-03-31
- ^ Sharma, Anukrati (2022-04-23). International Handbook of Skill, Education, Learning, and Research Development in Tourism and Hospitality. Springer. pp. 12 to 15. ISBN 978-981-99-3895-7.