Draft:Maria People

Maria or Mariya or Moriya

Total population
200,000
Regions with significant populations
Assam(primary upper assam)
Languages
Assamese
Religion
Sunni Islam

The Maria community is one of the indigenous Assamese Muslim groups in Assam, India. They are traditionally known for their craftsmanship in brass metalwork and have a unique socio-cultural identity within Assamese society.

Etymology

The term "Moriya" is believed to derive from the Assamese word mor (to die), possibly linked to their historical involvement in iron smelting and weaponry production. Another interpretation ties it to muri (puffed rice), indicating their agrarian connections.

History

. The Maria people of Assam have a distinct place in the region’s history, particularly in the context of the rise of the Ahom kingdom and their role in various rebellions and political movements. Their historical significance is best understood through their involvement in local governance, the military, and a notable revolt during the 16th century.

Pre-Ahom Period

The origins of the Maria people are not fully documented, but they were part of the ethnic mosaic of the Brahmaputra Valley. Little is known about their early history before the rise of the Ahom kingdom, but it is believed they were among the indigenous tribes that interacted with the region’s other ethnic groups.

Ahom Era

Establishment of the Ahom Kingdom (1228 CE)

The Maria people were part of the diverse communities in the region when the Ahom kingdom was established by Sukapha in 1228 CE. The Ahoms expanded their control over the Brahmaputra Valley, and during the kingdom's early centuries, various indigenous groups, including the Marias, played roles as either allies or opponents to the expanding Ahom power.

The Maria Revolt (16th Century)

The most significant event in the history of the Maria people occurred during the reign of Rudra Singha(1696–1714), a period of political and social upheaval in the Ahom kingdom.

The Maria Revolt, also known as the Maria Uprising, was a major rebellion led by Maria Mukh, a leader of the Maria community. The rebellion was largely a reaction to the increasing centralization of power by the Ahom monarchy and the growing influence of Brahminical culture in Assam. The Marias were also opposed to the dominance of the Ahom court in the region.

The rebellion took place in Koch Hajo, near modern-day Nalbari, and although initially successful in some skirmishes, it was eventually suppressed by the Ahom forces. Despite the failure of the rebellion, the revolt highlighted the resistance of indigenous groups to the expansionist policies of the Ahom kings.

Post-Revolt Period

Following the suppression of the Maria Uprising, the Maria people, like other rebellious tribes, were incorporated into the broader political structure of the Ahom kingdom. However, their political and military influence diminished as the Ahoms further centralized power and established stronger control over the region.

British Colonial Period (1826–1947)

The British annexation of Assam in 1826 through the Treaty of Yandabo significantly changed the political and social landscape. Indigenous groups like the Marias faced marginalization as the British introduced new administrative structures. However, the Marias continued to maintain their cultural identity, albeit with reduced political influence.

Cultural Contributions

Throughout the colonial period, the Marias retained their cultural traditions, though their role in governance and military affairs declined. They contributed to the regional culture of Assam, particularly through local administration and agricultural practices.

Post-Independence Period (1947–Present)

After India gained independence in 1947, the Marias, along with other ethnic groups in Assam, became an integral part of the socio-political fabric of the state. They continue to be involved in local administration and maintain their traditional cultural practices.

Legacy

The Maria people are part of Assam’s diverse ethnic and cultural heritage. Though their direct influence on politics and military affairs has waned over time, they remain an important community within the broader Assamese society. Their history, especially the Maria Revolt, is remembered as an example of local resistance to centralized rule.

Culture and Traditions

The Maria primarily speak Assamese and have developed a distinct dialect (locally called duan )reflecting their heritage. Their speech is characterized by specific phonetic features, such as syllable elongation.

Their brass craftsmanship is a key part of their identity, and traditional items like xorai and bota are central to Assamese culture. The community's cuisine, dress, and social practices blend Assamese and Islamic traditions.

Religion

The Moriya Muslims are predominantly Sunni Muslims but have a syncretic culture that incorporates local Assamese elements. This blend is evident in their rituals and community practices.

Population and Distribution

The Moriya population is estimated to be around 200,000, concentrated in districts such as Tinsukia, Dibrugarh, Sivasagar, and Nagaon. They r generally found in upper assam .Despite their dispersion, they maintain strong community bonds and a distinct identity.

Economic Activities

Traditionally, they were engaged in iron smelting and blacksmithing. Today, many have diversified into agriculture, trade, and modern professions. Their historical association with brass craftsmanship remains significant..

The Moriya's are particularly renowned for its traditional brass metalwork, which has been a vital part of Assam’s cultural identity. These artisans historically produced utensils, ornaments, and ceremonial objects, contributing to the state’s economy.

Recognition as Indigenous Assamese Muslims

In 2022, the Assam Cabinet identified the Marias, along with four other sub-groups, as "indigenous" Assamese Muslim communities. This recognition aims to preserve their cultural identity and promote socio-economic welfare.

In October 2023, a socio-economic survey was initiated by the Assam government to assess the community's status and implement targeted welfare measures.

Challenges

The Moriya community faces socio-economic challenges, including marginalization and preservation of their cultural identity. Efforts are underway to address these issues through education and development initiatives.

See Also

• Islam in Assam
• Goria people
• Pangal

References

For History section

• Bhuyan, S. K. (1992). _History of Assam_. Guwahati: Bina Library.
• Hazarika, Sanjib (2012). _Strangers of the Mist: Tales of War and Peace from India's Northeast_. New Delhi: Viking.
• Goswami, D. (2001). _The Ahoms: The Rise and Fall of a Great Dynasty_. Guwahati: Spectrum Publications.
• Gait, E. A. (1906). _A History of Assam_. Guwahati: Government of Assam Press.
• Baruah, S. (2009). _The History of Assam: A Brief Outline_. Guwahati: Pragati Publications.

{Other Sources}

• Collective, Dwima (29 June 2021). "THE STORY OF ASSAMESE MUSLIMS". The Dwima Collective. Retrieved 9 January 2025