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Draft:Johan Gaume

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Johan Gaume
Johan Gaume (2022)
Born (1985-09-18) 18 September 1985 (age 39)
NationalityFrench
Alma materUniversity Grenoble Alpes, France
Known forSnow mechanics, Avalanches, Gravitational Mass Movements
Scientific career
FieldsCryospheric sciences, computational mechanics, Geomechanics
InstitutionsETH Zurich
Thesis Evaluation of avalanche release depths: combined statistical and mechanical modeling  (2012)
Doctoral advisorMohamed Naaim, Guillaume Chambon, Nicolas Eckert

Johan Gaume (born 18 September 1985) is associate professor of alpine mass movements at ETH Zürich and at the WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF in Davos, Switzerland.

Biography

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Johan Gaume obtained his mechanical engineering and Master's degrees in 2008 from the Grenoble Institute of Technology. His MSc thesis focused on investigating the local and nonlocal rheological behavior of dense granular flows using the Discrete Element Method. He received a Ph.D. from Grenoble Alpes University in 2013 with a thesis entitled „Evaluation of avalanche release depths. Combined statistical – mechanical modeling”. He was then a postdoctoral researcher at WSL/SLF in Davos. In 2016, he joined EPFL as a Research and Teaching Associate with extensive visits to UCLA and UPenn. From 2019 to 2022, Gaume was an Assistant Professor at EPFL and head of the Snow and Avalanche Simulation Laboratory. Since 2022, he is Associate Professor of Alpine Mass Movements at ETH Zürich, a position which is jointly affiliated with the WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF in Davos, Switzerland where most of his group is located.[1][2][3] Johan Gaume was also a semi-professional snowboarder specialized in Big Air and Slopestyle.[4][5]

Research

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His research interest is in the initiation and propagation of gravitational mass movements with a particular focus on snow and avalanche mechanics, including the development of multiscale methods based on computational geomechanics validated using laboratory and field experiments. In 2018, he proposed a new approach based on a novel snow constitutive law and a numerical technique known as the Material Point Method to simulate both the release and flow at the slope scale.[6] This model later allowed him and his group to discover a transition from sub-Rayleigh anticrack to supershear crack propagation during the release process of snow avalanches.[7][8] His work on snow avalanches was extended to model glacier calving and tsunamis as well as multiphase alpine mass movements.[9] is work improves the physical understanding of slope instability and mass flows with impacts on applied research related to risk assessment and management in mountainous regions.

3-D simulation of avalanches

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Gaume developed in collaboration with experts from the UCLA the first realisitic three-dimensional simulation of slab avalanches.[10] Avalanches can be better predicted using such simulations. They can also be used to create better digital snow for animated films, such as in the Disney animated film Frozen. [11][12][13]

Explanation for the accident on the Dyatlov Pass

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In 2021, Gaume proposed together with his colleague Alexander Puzrin a possible explanation for the accident at the Dyatlov Pass Incident, a famous Russian cold case surrounded by conspiracy theories.[14][15] The two researchers argued in an open access journal published by Nature that the tourers could quite simply have been surprised by a slab avalanche.[16][17] The Neue Züricher Zeitung wrote "das Medienecho [war] gewaltig. Rund um den Globus berichteten Journalisten über die Arbeit der Schweizer Forscher" (English: the media response was tremendous. Journalists around the world reported on the work of the Swiss researchers).[18] The New York Times,[19] Der Standard,[20] National Geographic,[21] SWI swissinfo[22] and other magazines reported. A documentary on the subject was shown on the Italian-speaking Swiss television channel RSI.[23] Nature later invited the two researchers to contribute an opinion piece. They were asked to describe how the publication had affected their careers. [24] In 2024, the podcast The Disappearing Spoon dedicated an episode to the events at the Dyatlov Pass.[25]

Teaching and Outreach

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Johan Gaume is involved in the class „Physics and Hydrology of Snow” (EPFL Master course) and teaches the course „Granular mechanics” at ETH Zürich (Fall semester). He is involved every year in outreach activities: he gives lectures and organizes practical workshops during the international avalanche education events. Gaume is a member of the Science Alliance of Protect Our Winters Switzerland.[5]

Awards

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Johan Gaume has received the Swiss Government Excellence Scholarship (SEFRI) and was awarded the SNSF Ambizione grant and Eccellenza Professorial fellowship. In 2023 he was a recipient of the IUGG Early Career Scientist Award.[26]

References

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  1. ^ ETH Zürich (4 August 2022). "New Professor of Alpine Mass Movements and farewells". Retrieved 4 April 2024.
  2. ^ SLF (n.d.). "Prof. Dr. Johan Gaume". Retrieved 4 April 2024.
  3. ^ Bettzieche, Jochen (15 March 2023). "«Ich war wirklich stur.»" (in German). Retrieved 11 December 2024.
  4. ^ Mickein, Iris (2 February 2023). "From board sports to cutting-edge research'". Retrieved 4 April 2024.
  5. ^ a b Eggert, Christiane (24 December 2022). "PowderPeople - Lawinenforscher Johan Gaume" (in German). Retrieved 4 April 2024.
  6. ^ Gaume, J.; Gast, T.; Teran, J.; Van Herwijnen, A.; Jiang, C. (2018). "Dynamic anticrack propagation in snow". Nature Communications. 9 (1): 3047. Bibcode:2018NatCo...9.3047G. doi:10.1038/s41467-018-05181-w. PMC 6076253. PMID 30076290.
  7. ^ Trottet, B.; Simenhois, R.; Bobillier, G.; van Herwijnen, A.; Jiang, C.; Gaume, J. (2022). "Transition from sub-Rayleigh anticrack to supershear crack propagation in snow avalanches". Nature Physics. 18 (9): 1094–1098. Bibcode:2022NatPh..18.1094T. doi:10.1038/s41567-022-01662-4. PMC 9458539. PMID 36097630.
  8. ^ Perroud, Sandrine (26 July 2022). "Die Physik von Schneebrettlawinen ähnelt derjenigen von Erdbeben" (in German). Retrieved 11 December 2024.
  9. ^ Cicoira, A.; Blatny, L.; Li, X.; Trottet, B.; Gaume, J. (2022). "Towards a predictive multi-phase model for alpine mass movements and process cascades". Engineering Geology. 310. Bibcode:2022EngGe.31006866C. doi:10.1016/j.enggeo.2022.106866.
  10. ^ science.ORF.at/sda (6 August 2018). "Realistische 3-D-Simulation von Lawinen" (in German). Retrieved 11 December 2024.
  11. ^ "Computersimulation - Dank Schweizer Forschern kann es Disney schöner schneien lassen" (in German). 7 August 2018. Retrieved 11 December 2024.
  12. ^ "Avalanche prediction model a boon for rescuers and filmmakers". 4 August 2018. Retrieved 17 December 2024.
  13. ^ "A Mind-Bending Avalanche Animation That Could Save Your Life". 13 August 2018. Retrieved 17 December 2024.
  14. ^ Andrews, Robin George (17 May 2023). "Has science solved one of history's greatest adventure mysteries?". National Geographic Society. Retrieved 11 December 2024.
  15. ^ Simons, Paul (20 February 2021). "Children's hit film Frozen helped solve puzzle of how Urals hikers met their fate". www.thetimes.com. Retrieved 22 December 2024.
  16. ^ Gaume, J.; Puzrin, A. M. (2021). "Mechanisms of slab avalanche release and impact in the Dyatlov Pass incident in 1959". Communications Earth & Environment. 2 (1): 10. Bibcode:2021ComEE...2...10G. doi:10.1038/s43247-020-00081-8.
  17. ^ Bundell, Shamini (28 January 2021). "Explaining the icy mystery of the Dyatlov Pass deaths - A sixty-year-old mystery from Soviet Russia could be explained by snow science". Retrieved 17 December 2024.
  18. ^ Speicher, Christian (24 March 2024). "Wie das Unglück am Djatlow-Pass die Karriere von zwei Lawinenforschern umkrempelte" (in German). Retrieved 12 December 2024.
  19. ^ Yuhas, Alan (1 April 2022). "Researchers Find Another Clue in the Dyatlov Pass Mystery". Retrieved 17 December 2024.
  20. ^ Taschwer, Klaus (29 January 2021). "Forscher erhärten Theorie zum legendären Unglück vom Djatlow-Pass" (in German). Retrieved 12 December 2024.
  21. ^ Andrews, Robin George (1 February 2021). "Forscher erhärten Theorie zum legendären Unglück vom Djatlow-Pass" (in German). Retrieved 12 December 2024.
  22. ^ "Swiss scientists uncover possible cause of mysterious hiking accident in Russia". 30 January 2021. Retrieved 12 December 2024.
  23. ^ Matteo, Born (10 January 2022). "Il mistero Dyatlov" (in Italian). Retrieved 12 December 2024.
  24. ^ Puzrin, A. M.; Gaume, J. (2022). "Post-publication careers: follow-up expeditions reveal avalanches at Dyatlov Pass". Communications Earth & Environment. 3 (1): 63. doi:10.1038/s43247-022-00393-x.
  25. ^ "The Russian Roswell". 30 April 2024. Retrieved 17 December 2024.
  26. ^ "IUGG Early Career Scientist Awards 2015 – 2023". 2023. Retrieved 4 April 2024.
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Category:Academic staff of ETH Zurich Category:french engineers Category:Living people Category:1985 births

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