Draft:Idou Ali
Idou-Ali tribe or Idaw Ali or Daw-Ali or Alewiyyine (Alawites) is an arabian tribe, said to be cherifian, mainly present in Mauritania and Morocco and has other presence in Mali, Algeria, Senegal and Saudi Arabia. They claim descent from the Prophet Muhammad through his grandson Hassan Ibn Ali and other sources say from Muhammad Ibn Hannafiya and the daughter of Hasan Ibn Ali[1][2]. It is a large tribe, mainly inhabiting Mauritania, although there are communities of varying numbers in Mali, Senegal, Morocco and Algeria. It also has a significant presence in West African countries as well. This tribe is mainly settled in Chinguetti, Tidjikja, and Trarza (Al-Aql) in the R'kiz Province, Bareina, Maata-Moulana and Noubaghiya. In addition, there is rarely a region in Mauritania that is devoid of an influential presence. This tribe claim that it belongs to Ali bin Abi Talib, as indicated by its name. It also claim descent from the descendants of the Holy Prophet, from his daughter Fatima bint Muhammad, according to their claimed lineage.[3][4][5][1][2]
| Idou-Ali or Idaw Ali Oulad Ali, Alaouyinn, Lashraf | |
|---|---|
| Arab Zawiya Tribe | |
 | |
| Ethnicity | Arabian |
| Nisba | Yahya al-Akbar bin Ali bin Abdullah al-Ahmar bin Ali (Abu al-Hasan) bin Yahya (Abu Zakaria) bin Muhammad bin Ibrahim bin Issa (Abu al-Aish) bin Idris bin Muhammad bin Suleiman bin Abdullah al-Kamil bin al-Hasan al-Muthanna bin al-Hasan al-Sabt bin Ali bin Abi Talib. |
| Location | Mauritania, Morocco, Senegal, Saudi Arabia |
| Parent tribe | Bani Hashim, Idrisid |
| Branches | Idou-Ali el Bidh, Idou-Ali el Kehl |
| Language | Arabic |
| Religion | Malikite Sunni Islam |
Etymology
[edit]
The word has two parts which derives each: "Idou" or "Idaw" means "Sons of", derived from Znaga language and Ali which is derived from arabic.[6][2][1]. And often called "Alewiyyine" as a simplification.[1]
Lineage
[edit]Their claimed lineage begins with Yahya, the great grandfather of most of its members[1]. Yahya, nicknamed "the Great", bin Ali bin Abdullah al-Ahmar bin Ali (Abu al-Hasan) bin Yahya (Abu Zakaria) bin Muhammad bin Ibrahim Ibn Issa bin Idris the Greatest bin Suleiman bin Abdullah Al-Kamil bin Al-Hassan Al-Mutani bin Al-Hassan, son of Ali bin Abi Talib.[7][4][8][1][2][9]
Influence and Presence
[edit]Considered one of the tribes of the Zawiyas, "people of knowledge", according to the class division that prevailed during the era of the emirates of Banu Hassan, although it was considered a strong one.[1] This tribe had the credit for building Abweir, which is ancient Chinguetti,[1][10] in the second century of the Hijri century, and after that the current city of Chinguetti, and that was when Yahya Al-Alawi abandoned the city of Abeer and he and Muhammad Ghali joined him, and Omar built the current city (Chinguetti)[1][2],and also building the ksar of Tidjikja in 17th century according to local sources[1][2][11]. Chinguetti is the name by which Mauritania was known during a period of its history as Bilad Shinquit [1]. Many scholars, poets, authors, judges, and politicians emerged from this tribe.[12][5][8][13][1][2][14]
Notable People
[edit]Some of the famous people of this tribe:[12][15][11][13][1][16]
- Yahya Al-Alawi "The Great", who is the grandfather of most of the tribe and built the modern city of Chinguetti, along with Muhammad Ghali and Omar.
- Abdullah bin Habib bin Abij (known as the judge), the grandfather of Ibn Razikah, imam, scholar and judge.
- El Hajj Muhammad Ahmad bin Al-Mukhtar bin Yaqoub Andumuki Al-Alawi, scholar and influential poet.
- Muhammad Bouksa bin Al-Hajj Muhammad Ahmad Al-Alawi, scholar of Islam and poet.
- Muhammad ibn al-Mukhtar ibn al-A'mash, Imam, judge and poet, whom Muhammad al-Mukhtar ibn al-Saad counted in his book, (The Book of the Harb of Sharbab), counted him as one of four whose level of knowledge in the land of Chinguetti was not reached by anyone.
- Abdullah bin Muhammad bin Abdullah bin Talib bin Habib bin Abija, known as (Ibn Razekah), who is the first historically known poet of Mauritania.
- Horma bin Abdul Jalil, scholar who had a famous mahdara in western Mauritania, from which a large number of scholars graduated, perhaps the most prominent of whom is Sheikh Sidiya Al-Kabir.
- Sayyid Sidi-Abdullah bin Al-Hajj Ibrahim, who is considered one of the greatest scholars of Mauritania.
- Babbe bin Ahmed Babbe, scholar and Imam.
- Sheikh Muhammad Al-Hafiz bin Habib, scholar who introduced the Tijaniya order to Mauritania.
- Sayed Mohamed Ould Abuja, scholar and poet.
- Ahmed bin Al-Amin Al-Shanqiti, scholar and author of the book Al-Wasit fi Tarajim Udabaa' Shinqitt.[10]
- Jeddou Ould Ahmed, Cadi of Tidjikja and influential scholar.
- Muhammad Abd al-Rahman Ould al-Saleck, nicknamed al-Nah, poet and judge.
- Mohamed Al-Hassan Ould Mohamed Ould Abdel Jalil, poet and writer.
- Mohamed El Hacene Ould Babe Ould Jeddou, jurist and Cadi of Tidjikja.
- Ahmedou Ben Horma Ould Bebaneh, the first Mauritanian MP during the era of the French colonizers.
- Sidi Mohamed Ould Sidi Abdoullah Ould El Hadj Brahim, scholar and jurist.
- Hadrami Ould Khattry, politician, former Minister in the Daddah era. One of the opposition leaders who asserted himself during the democratization process initiated by the military regime in 1991.
- Sidi Ould Zein, poet, writer and Cadi in Tagant.
- Mohamed Lemin Ould Mohamed Ahid, resistance fighter during the French occupation
- Mohamed Limam Ould Zein, poet, resistance fighter during the French occupation and close ally to Cheikh Melainine.
- Di Ould Zein, general advisor of Mauritania and representative to the Assembly of the French Union during the French occupation, in the coalition hostile to the occupation, led by Horma Ould Babana.
- Ahmedou Ould Memoun, poet and professor.
- Kaber Ould Hachim, poet and literary expert.
- Mohamed Mahmoud Ould Ahmed Louly, former president of the republic.
- Hasni Ould Didi, governement official, minister many times in the seventies and nineties and former mayor of Nouakchott.
- Abdallahi Ould Khalifa, historian, writer and professor.
- Ahmed Ould Zein, Governor of Central Bank of Mauritania.
- Mohamed Ould Maouloud, politician and presidential candidate.
Read Also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Ould Khalifa, Abdallah (1998). La région du Tagant en Mauritanie: l'oasis de Tijigja entre 1660 et 1960. Hommes et sociétés. Paris: Editions Karthala. ISBN 978-2-86537-894-4.
- ^ a b c d e f g al-Ḥāj Ibrāhīm al-`Alawī, Sīdī `Abd Allāh (1814). صحيحة النقل في علوية ادواعل (in Arabic). Tidjikja: Tidjikja Libraries and Manuscripts.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link) - ^ Benamar, Aïcha (2021-09-30). "Diane HIMPAN-SABATIER, Brigitte HIMPAN (2018), Nomades de Mauritanie". Insaniyat / إنسانيات (93): 88–93. doi:10.4000/insaniyat.25495. ISSN 1111-2050.
- ^ a b Hall, Bruce S. (2021-03-03), "The Mali and Songhay Empires", The Oxford World History of Empire, Oxford University Press, pp. 648–664, doi:10.1093/oso/9780197532768.003.0023, ISBN 978-0-19-753276-8, retrieved 2024-04-21
- ^ a b Akyeampong, Emmanuel Kwaku; Gates, Henry Louis (2012). Dictionary of African biography. Oxford: Oxford university press. ISBN 978-0-19-538207-5.
- ^ السعيد, هشام بن محمد بن سليمان (2015). "الشيخ عبد الرحمن بن عبدالله بن محمد بن عبدالوهاب:, سيرته العلمية وإجازته الحديثية" [Sheikh Abdul Rahman bin Abdullah bin Muhammad bin Abdul Wahhab: His scientific biography and his hadith license]. الدارة: 11. doi:10.46968/0326-041-004-001.
- ^ Hoenerbach, Wilhelm; Stewart, C. C.; Stewart, E. K. (1974). "Islam and Social Order in Mauritania. A Case Study from the Nineteenth Century". Die Welt des Islams. 15 (1/4): 265. doi:10.2307/1570146. ISSN 0043-2539. JSTOR 1570146.
- ^ a b Paris, Pierre (1916). "L'archéologie dans les tranchées : tombeaux d'Éléonte sur l'Hellespont (Planche I)". Revue des Études Anciennes. 18 (1): 65. doi:10.3406/rea.1916.1905. ISSN 0035-2004.
- ^ Rousseau, Nicolas (2002-09-15). DE L'ADRAR AU TAGANT (in French). Editions L'Harmattan. ISBN 978-2-296-28411-1.
- ^ a b "كتاب الوسيط في تراجم أدباء شنقيط - المكتبة الشاملة".
- ^ a b Adekunle, Adeoye (2023). The History of Mauritania: Mysteries of the Sahara.
- ^ a b Labouret, Henri (April 1940). "Coutumiers juridiques de l'Afrique Occidentale Française. Tome Premier: Sénégal. Pp. 348. Tome Second: Soudan. Pp. 400. Tome Troisième: Mauritanie, Niger, Côte d'Ivoire, Dahomey, Guinée Française. Pp. 610. Publications du Comité d'Études historiques et scientifiques de l'Afrique Occidentale Française. Série A, Nos 8, 9 et 10. 1939. Paris". Africa. 13 (2): 186–187. doi:10.2307/1156964. ISSN 0001-9720. JSTOR 1156964.
- ^ a b CLEAVELAND, TIMOTHY (July 2000). "HISTORY OF a SAHARAN ELITE la région du Tagant en Mauritanie: l'Oasis de Tijigja entre 1660 et 1960 . By a BDALLAH O ULD K HALIFA . Paris: Éditions Karthala, 1998. Pp. V + 686. FF. 220, paperback ( ISBN 2-86537-894-2)". The Journal of African History. 41 (2): 295–346. doi:10.1017/s0021853700297739. ISSN 0021-8537.
- ^ Reese, Scott Steven (2004-01-01). The Transmission of Learning in Islamic Africa. BRILL. ISBN 978-90-04-13779-0.
- ^ "Slavery in the Western Sudan", Slavery and Colonial Rule in French West Africa, Cambridge University Press, pp. 1–18, 1998-07-28, doi:10.1017/cbo9780511584138.003, ISBN 978-0-521-59678-7, retrieved 2024-04-21
- ^ Johnson, Winifred Marie (1984). "The Tijaniyya Sufi Brotherhood Amongst the Idaw 'Ali of the Western Sahara". American Journal of Islam and Society. 1 (2): 51–78. doi:10.35632/ajis.v1i2.2815. ISSN 2690-3741.