Draft:Fifth Gas Giant
Submission declined on 2 December 2024 by KylieTastic (talk).
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Comment: Also the paper is about the "Fifth giant planet" not a "Fifth Gas Giant" - Uranus and Neptune are ice giants not gas giants KylieTastic (talk) 12:47, 2 December 2024 (UTC)
- Comment: David Nesvorny wrote a paper on it that was reported in americaspace.com but no other sources to show this is is notable. KylieTastic (talk) 12:43, 2 December 2024 (UTC)
The Fifth Gas Giant is a hypothetical planet proposed as part of an enhanced version of the Nice Model, a theory that describes the early evolution of the Solar System. This model, first introduced in 2005, suggests that the Solar System initially had five giant planets rather than the four we observe today (Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune). The Fifth Gas Giant is thought to have been ejected from the Solar System during a period of orbital instability approximately 4 billion years ago.
Background
[edit]The Nice Model, named after the city of Nice in France, explains the current structure of the Solar System through the migration and interaction of the giant planets. According to the original model, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune formed closer together before migrating outward, a process that disrupted the Kuiper Belt and led to the Late Heavy Bombardment.[1]
An extended version of the model, known as the Five-Planet Nice Model, introduces a fifth giant planet to better align with certain features of the Solar System, such as the current orbital architecture and dynamical properties of the Kuiper Belt and the Oort Cloud.[2]
Hypothetical Characteristics
[edit]Size and Composition
[edit]The Fifth Gas Giant is theorized to have been similar in size and composition to Uranus or Neptune, with a mass of approximately 10–20 Earth masses. It was likely an ice giant composed primarily of hydrogen, helium, and volatiles such as water, ammonia, and methane.[3]
Orbit and Ejection
[edit]Initially, the Fifth Gas Giant would have orbited the Sun between Saturn and Uranus. During the early Solar System's chaotic migration phase, gravitational interactions between the giant planets destabilized the system. In this process, Jupiter's immense gravitational influence may have ejected the Fifth Gas Giant into interstellar space, where it became a rogue planet.[4]
Fate of the Planet
[edit]If the Fifth Gas Giant was ejected, it is currently presumed to be a rogue planet drifting through the Milky Way. However, it is also possible that it could have been captured by another star system. The exact location and fate of this hypothetical planet remain unknown.[5]
Evidence and Models
[edit]Support for the existence of a Fifth Gas Giant arises from computer simulations of the early Solar System. These simulations often produce more accurate representations of the Solar System's current configuration when a fifth giant planet is included. Specifically, they help explain:
- Jupiter and Saturn's Orbital Resonance: The model better reproduces the specific resonance (2:1) between Jupiter and Saturn's orbits.[5]
- Stability of the Kuiper Belt: The introduction of a fifth planet helps explain the Kuiper Belt's structure and the orbits of trans-Neptunian objects.[4]
- Planetary Ejection Mechanisms: Simulations suggest that systems with five giant planets often eject one planet while stabilizing the orbits of the remaining planets.[6]
Challenges and Limitations
[edit]Despite its appeal, the Five-Planet Nice Model has limitations. Observational evidence for the Fifth Gas Giant is indirect, relying heavily on simulations. Additionally, the model requires fine-tuning to ensure that the ejected planet does not disrupt the Solar System during its departure.
Related Hypotheses
[edit]The concept of an additional giant planet has parallels with other hypothetical celestial bodies, such as Planet Nine, a theorized super-Earth-sized planet in the outer Solar System. However, unlike Planet Nine, the Fifth Gas Giant is thought to have been ejected rather than remaining in the Solar System.
See Also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ "Understanding the Nice Model | Britannica". www.britannica.com. Retrieved 2024-12-02.
- ^ "The giant planet instability (the "Nice model") – planetplanet". 2022-06-30. Retrieved 2024-12-02.
- ^ Staff, Astronomy (2019-06-24). "Why do astronomers call Uranus and Neptune ice giants? | Astronomy.com". Astronomy Magazine. Retrieved 2024-12-02.
- ^ a b "The Early Solar System Could Have Hosted a Fifth Giant Planet, According to New Study - AmericaSpace". www.americaspace.com. 2015-08-21. Retrieved 2024-12-02.
- ^ a b JG Online (2020-05-01). How the solar system lost a planet. Retrieved 2024-12-02 – via YouTube.
- ^ Nesvorný, David (1 December 2011). "YOUNG SOLAR SYSTEM's FIFTH GIANT PLANET?". The Astrophysical Journal. 742 (2): L22. doi:10.1088/2041-8205/742/2/L22.
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