Dan (volume)
Appearance
A dan or shi (Chinese: 石; pinyin: dàn, shí) in China, koku in Japan and seok in Korea, is a unit of volume mainly for grains. It originated in China and later spread to other places in East Asia.[1] One dan is divided into 10 dous or 100 shengs. It is 100 litres in China,[2][3] 180.39 litres in Japan[4] and 180 litres in Korea.[5]
China
[edit]Pinyin | Character | Relative value | Metric value | US value | Imperial value | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
cuō | 撮 | 1⁄1000 | 1 mL | 0.0338 fl oz | 0.0352 fl oz | millilitre |
sháo | 勺 | 1⁄100 | 10 mL | 0.3381 fl oz | 0.3520 fl oz | centilitre |
gě | 合 | 1⁄10 | 100 mL | 3.381 fl oz | 3.520 fl oz | decilitre |
shēng | 市升 | 1 | 1 L | 2.113 pt | 1.760 pt | litre |
dǒu | 市斗 | 10 | 10 L | 21.13 pt 2.64 gal |
17.60 pt 2.20 gal |
decalitre |
dàn | 市石 | 100 | 100 L | 26.41 gal | 22.0 gal | hectolitre |
Japan
[edit]Unit | Shō | Metric | US | Imperial | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Romanized | Kanji | Exact | Approx. | Exact | Approx. | Exact | Approx. | |||||
Sai | 才 | 1⁄1000 | 2401/1,331,000 L | 1.804 mL | 37,515,625/15,900,351,812,136 cu yd | 29.28 min | 240,100/605,084,579 gal | 30.47 min | ||||
0.1101 cu in | ||||||||||||
Shaku | 勺 | 1⁄100 | 2401/133,100 L | 18.04 mL | 187,578,125/7,950,175,906,068 cu yd | 0.6100 fl oz | 2,401,000/605,084,579 gal | 0.6349 fl oz | ||||
1.101 cu in | ||||||||||||
Gō | 合 | 1⁄10 | 2401/13,310 L | 180.4 mL | 937,890,625/3,975,087,953,034 cu yd | 0.3812 pt | 24,010,000/605,084,579 gal | 0.3174 pt | ||||
0.3276 dry pt | ||||||||||||
Shō | 升 | 1 | 2401/1331 L | 1.804 L | 4,689,453,125/1,987,543,976,517 cu yd | 1.906 qt | 240,100,000/605,084,579 gal | 1.587 qt | ||||
1.638 dry qt | ||||||||||||
To | 斗 | 10 | 24,010/1331 L | 18.04 L | 46,894,531,250/1,987,543,976,517 cu yd | 4.765 gal | 2,401,000,000/605,084,579 gal | 3.968 gal | ||||
2.048 pk | ||||||||||||
Koku | 石 | 100 | 240,100/1331 L | 180.4 L | 468,945,312,500/1,987,543,976,517 cu yd | 47.65 gal | 24,010,000,000/605,084,579 gal | 39.680 gal | ||||
5.119 bu | ||||||||||||
Notes:
|
Korea
[edit]Romanization | Korean | English | Equivalents | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
RR | MR[10] | Other | Doe[11] | Other countries | Global | ||
Jak | Chak | 작(勺) | 1⁄100 | 18 mL (0.63 imp fl oz; 0.61 US fl oz) | |||
Hop | Hop | 홉 | 1⁄10 | Ge | 180 mL (6.3 imp fl oz; 6.1 US fl oz)[a][11] | ||
Doe | Toe | Doi[11] Dwe[5] |
되 | Korean Peck[12] | 1 | 1.8 L (0.40 imp gal; 0.48 US gal)[b][11] | |
Seung | Sŭng | 승(升) | |||||
Mal | Mal | 말 | Korean Bushel | 10 | 18 L (4.0 imp gal; 4.8 US gal)[c][11] | ||
Du | Tu | 두(斗) | |||||
Seom | Sŏm | 섬 | Korean Picul[13] | 100 | Picul | 180 L (40 imp gal; 48 US gal)[d][11] | |
Seok | Sŏk | Suk[11] | 석(石) | ||||
Jeom | Chŏm | 점(苫) | |||||
Sogok | Sogok | 소곡(小斛) | 150 | 270 L (59 imp gal; 71 US gal) | |||
Pyeongseok | P'yŏngsŏk | 평석(平石) | |||||
Daegok | Taegok | 대곡(大斛) | 200 | 360 L (79 imp gal; 95 US gal) | |||
Jeonseok | Chŏnsŏk | 전석(全石) |
For more details, please see Sheng (volume)
Words
[edit]- 擔石/担石 (dàn dàn)
- 以升量石 (yǐ shēng liàng dàn)
- 千石 (qiān dàn)
See also
[edit]- Chinese units of measurement
- Japanese units of measurement
- Korean units of measurement
- Dan (weight)
- zh:中國度量衡
Notes
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ "石". 26 November 2024.
- ^ a b "The Weights and Measures Act (1929)" (in Chinese). Legislative Yuan. Archived from the original on 2014-04-25.
- ^ Language Institute, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences (2016). 现代汉语词典 (附錄:計量單位表) [Contemporary Chinese Dictionary (Appendix: Measure units)] (in Chinese) (7th ed.). Beijing: Commercial Press. p. 1790. ISBN 978-7-100-12450-8.
- ^ a b Iwata, Shigeo. "Weights and Measures in Japan"
- ^ a b Kim (2007).
- ^ Language Institute 2016, p. 1165.
- ^ World Weights and Measures: Handbook for Statisticians, ST/STAT/SER. M/21, UN Publication No. 1955.XVII.2, New York, NY: Statistical Office of the United Nations, 1955
- ^ Kim, Jun Hee (March 2007), "Taking Measure", Invest Korea Journal, vol. 25, Seoul: Korea Trade–Investment Promotion Agency
- ^ Fessley, Susanna (2009), "Weights and Measures in East Asian Studies" (PDF), Albany: State University of New York
- ^ a b Fessley (2009), p. 9.
- ^ a b c d e f g h UN (1955), III-59.
- ^ NIKH (2017).
- ^ "Glossary of Korean History", Veritable Records of the Joseon Dynasty, Seoul: National Institute of Korean History, 2017