Coronation Coach of Charles X
The Coronation Coach of Charles X is a horse-drawn coach used for the coronation of Charles X of France in 1825. The highly-adorned bronze- and gilt-covered state coach is the only coronation carriage of a king of France that still exists today, and is exhibited in the Gallery of Coaches in Versailles, France.
Construction
[edit]Construction started in 1814 by the coachbuilder Duchesne according to the plans of the architect Charles Percier for the coronation of Louis XVIII. According to the German historian Rudolf Wackernagel, three proposed plans were submitted to the monarch: one by J.B. Pérez, the other by Antoine Carassi, and the third by Percier.[1] Only the structures and body were finished. The construction was abandoned when the king, as a prudent politician, renounced this ritual ceremony, in the post-revolutionary and post-imperial France.[2][3][4]
On the death of Louis XVIII in 1824, his brother Charles X acceded to the throne and announced his desire to have a coronation, thus renewing the tradition of his ancestors. The Marquis de Vernon, Grand Equerry of the king's stables, put the carriage back into construction. At a cost of 325,000 francs (equivalent to F62,000,400 in 2022), the coach was completed in less than six months, engaging numerous craftsmen including coachbuilders Daldringen and Ots, sculptor Henri-Victor Roguier, bronze workers Denière and Matelin, and the painter Pierre Claude François Delorme.[2]
Use
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For transport to Reims, the location for the coronation, the coach was partially dismantled, wrapped in a canvas cover, and fitted with sturdy wheels for the journey. It was reassembled for the sovereign's procession on May 28, 1825. Pulled by eight caparisoned horses, it was used again the following day for the procession going to the Reims Cathedral for the coronation, and again on June 6, 1825 for the arrival of Charles X into Paris. It was used for the last time in 1856 for the baptism of Louis-Napoléon, Prince Imperial, son of Emperor Napoleon III.[2]
Considered one of the most beautiful carriages in the world, it is the only coronation carriage of a King of France preserved today. Exhibited in the Great Stables at Versailles, it constitutes the centerpiece of the Gallery of Coaches alongside the funeral carriage of Louis XVIII.[5]
Description
[edit]The coach is a Berlin style.[6] Standing 4.5 metres high and almost 6.7 metres long, the coach weighs between 4 and 5 tonnes with its bronze sculptures, compared to the typical 1.5 tonnes of a state coach. The interior is trimmed with crimson silk velvet, decorated with gold embroidery and passementerie. It has eight windows, is supported by leather thoroughbraces (suspension straps), and it is entirely covered in bronze sculptures on the outside which have been gilded. The decoration and all the sculptures are made by Roguier.[2][3][5]
When Napoleon III chose it for the baptism of his son, the panels were replaced to display imperial emblems. The original panels with the royal coat of arms are stored in the Palace of Tau in Reims.[2]
The coach is so heavy that it is only drawn by the horses at a walk, about 3 km/h.[5]
- Details of artwork
-
Napoleonic "N" on the roof crownpiece -
Imperial coat of arms on door panel -
Closeup of the sculptures on the front axle assembly -
Lions heads on the wheel hubs
See also
[edit]- List of state coaches
- Galerie des Carrosses
- Coronation of Charles X of France
- Coronation of the French monarch
References
[edit]- ^ Wackernagel, Rudolf H. (1966). Der französische Krönungswagen von 1696-1825 [The French Coronation Carriage from 1696-1825] (in German). Berlin: De Gruyter. ISBN 978-3-11-003276-5.
- ^ a b c d e Delalex, Hélène (24 July 2012). Le carrosse du sacre de Charles X [The coronation carriage of Charles X] (Video in French with English subtitles). Château de Versailles.
- ^ a b Hissier, Laurent (15 March 2012). La restauration du carrosse du sacre de Charles X [The restoration of the coronation carriage of Charles X] (Video in French with English subtitles). Château de Versailles.
- ^ "Le carrosse du sacre de Charles X" [The coronation carriage of Charles X] (PDF) (in French). Château de Versailles. January 2020. pp. 14–17. Archived (PDF) from the original on 18 November 2021.
- ^ a b c Jaeglé, Yves (10 May 2016). "Les splendides carrosses de Versailles" [The splendid carriages of Versailles] (in French). Le Parisien. Archived from the original on 1 December 2020.
- ^ Delalex, Hélène (28 July 2016). L'histoire des carrosses de Versailles [Story of Coaches at Versailles] (Video in French with English subtitles). Château de Versailles. 2:20 minutes in.
Further reading
[edit]- Darmaing, Jean-Jérôme-Achille (1825). Relation complète du sacre de Charles X [Complete account of the coronation of Charles X] (in French). Paris: Baudouin frères. Archived from the original on 18 March 2024 – via National Library of France.
- Siret, Charles Joseph Christophe (1826). Précis historique du sacre de S.M. Charles X [Historical summary of the coronation of His Majesty Charles X] (in French). Reims: De Regnier – via National Library of France.
- Mullois, Isidore (1864). Histoire de Napoléon III [History of Napoleon III] (in French). Paris: L. Fontaine – via National Library of France.
- Saule, Béatrix (2004). Visite du Musée des Carrosses, Versailles [Visit to the Coach Museum, Versailles] (in French). Paris: Art lys. ISBN 978-2-85495-089-2.
External links
[edit]
- "Berline dite "Carrosse du sacre de Charles X"" [Berlin coach called "Charles X Coronation Carriage"]. Château de Versailles Collections.