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List of cities by GDP

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(Redirected from Cities by total wealth)

This is a list of cities in the world by nominal gross domestic product (GDP). The United Nations uses three definitions for what constitutes a city, as not all cities may be classified using the same criteria. Cities may be defined as the cities proper, the extent of their urban area, or their metropolitan regions.[1] The methodology of calculating GDP may differ between the studies and are widely based on projections and sometimes approximate estimations, notably for cities that are not within the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Refer to sources for more information. Click on the headers to reorganize columns.

List

[edit]
Cities by GDP
City proper/metropolitan area Country/region Official est. GDP
up to date (billion US$) 		Metropolitan
population
A Coruña metropolitan area European Union Spain 28.819 (2020)[2] 1,121,815 (2020)[3]
Aachen European Union Germany 24.296 (2020)[2] 249,070 (2021)[4]
Aalborg European Union Denmark 31.855 (2021)[2] 219,487 (2021)[5]
Aarhus European Union Denmark 54.927 (2021)[2] 352,751 (2021)[6]
Abbotsford, British Columbia  Canada 7.435 (2021)[7] 205,834 (2021)[8]
Aberdeen, Scotland  United Kingdom 23.0 (2020)[9] 489,840 (2020)[10]
Abidjan  Ivory Coast 27 (2017)[11] 5,600,000 (2020)[12]
Abilene, TX MSA  United States 10.306623 (2023)[13] 181,591 (2023)[14]
Abu Dhabi metropolitan area  United Arab Emirates 277.93 (2023)[15] 1,740,000 (2023)[16]
Adelaide  Australia 64.461 (2018–19)[17] 1,344,368 (2018–19)[18]
Ahmedabad  India 136.1 (2023)[19] 9,300,000 (2023)[16]
Aix-Marseille-Provence Metropolis European Union France 135.038 (2021)[2] 1,680,000 (2021)[20]
Akron, OH MSA  United States 47.285487 (2023)[13] 698,398 (2023)[14]
Albany, GA MSA  United States 7.782093 (2023)[13] 145,508 (2023)[14]
Albany-Lebanon, OR MSA  United States 6.441520 (2023)[13] 130,467 (2022)[14]
Albany-Schenectady-Troy, NY MSA  United States 84.910398 (2023)[13] 904,682 (2023)[14]
Albuquerque, NM MSA  United States 59.382941 (2023)[13] 922,296 (2023)[14]
Alexandria  Egypt 36.000 (2021)[21] 5,950,000 (2021)[20]
Alexandria, LA MSA  United States 7.753574 (2023)[13] 148,171 (2023)[14]
Alicante metropolitan area European Union Spain 38.851 (2020)[2] 1,915,282 (2020)[22]
Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton, PA-NJ MSA  United States 59.890990 (2023)[13] 873,555 (2023)[14]
Almaty  Kazakhstan 41.485 (2022)[23] 2,250,000 (2022)[24]
Altoona, PA MSA  United States 7.681160 (2023)[13] 120,273 (2023)[14]
Alxa League  China 4.419 (2020)[25][26] 262,361 (2020)[27]
Amarillo, TX MSA  United States 18.913682 (2023)[13] 272,395 (2023)[14]
Ames, IA MSA  United States 8.615031 (2023)[13] 125,156 (2023)[14]
Amiens European Union France 19.418 (2021)[2] 304,331 (2021)[28]
Amsterdam metropolitan area European Union Netherlands 237.841 (2022)[2] 2,500,000 (2022)[24]
Anápolis Mercosur Brazil 6.740 (2011)[29] 334,623 (2010)[30]
Anchorage, AK MSA  United States 34.065381 (2023)[13] 401,314 (2023)[14]
Angers Loire Métropole European Union France 29.379 (2021)[2] 394,256 (2021)[31]
Ankara  Turkey 74.83 (2021)[32] 5,150,000 (2021)[20]
Ann Arbor, MI MSA  United States 33.013856 (2023)[13] 365,536 (2023)[14]
Annecy European Union France 29.98 (2021)[2] 183,697 (2021)[33]
Anniston-Oxford, AL MSA  United States 5.891059 (2023)[13] 116,429 (2023)[14]
Anshan  China 80.968 (2020)[34] 2,625,000 (2020)[12]
Antwerp metropolitan area European Union Belgium 66.063 (2021)[2] 1,230,000 (2021)[20]
Appleton, Wisconsin metropolitan area  United States 18.532326 (2023)[13] 246,433 (2023)[14]
Arnhem–Nijmegen metropolitan area European Union Netherlands 34.621 (2021)[2] 774,506 (2022)[35]
Asheville, NC MSA  United States 29.014297 (2023)[13] 417,202 (2023)[14]
Astana  Kazakhstan 23.115 (2022)[23] 1,350,228 (2022)[36]
Asturias metropolitan area European Union Spain 27.152 (2022)[37][38] 1,009,088 (2022)[39]
Athens Metropolitan Area European Union Greece 85.809 (2020)[2] 3,350,000 (2020)[12]
Athens-Clarke County, GA MSA  United States 13.768348 (2023)[13] 222,060 (2023)[14]
Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Roswell, GA (Metropolitan Statistical Area)  United States 570.662834 (2023)[13] 6,222,106 (2022)[14]
Atlantic City-Hammonton, NJ MSA  United States 18.726628 (2023)[13] 369,823 (2023)[14]
Auburn-Opelika, AL MSA  United States 8.799349 (2023)[13] 201,585 (2023)[14]
Auckland  New Zealand 139.50 (2022)[40] /> 1,531,400 (2022)[24]
Augusta-Richmond County, GA-SC MSA  United States 37.292712 (2023)[13] 629,429 (2023)[14]
Austin-Round Rock, TX (Metropolitan Statistical Area)  United States 248.109564 (2023)[13] 2,421,115 (2022)[14]
Bakersfield, CA MSA  United States 59.846810 (2023)[13] 916,108 (2022)[14]
Balikpapan-Samarinda Metropolitan ASEAN Indonesia 29.901 (2021)[41] 2,621,877 (2021)[41]
Ballarat  Australia 4.460 (2018–19)[17] 108,491 (2018–19)[42]
Baltimore-Columbia-Towson, MD (Metropolitan Statistical Area)  United States 259.690214 (2023)[13] 2,834,316 (2023)[14]
Bandung Metropolitan ASEAN Indonesia 38.290 (2021)[43] 7,050,000 (2021)[20]
Bangkok Metropolitan Region ASEAN Thailand 252.128 (2022)[44] 19,900,000 (2022)[24]
Bangor, ME MSA  United States 9.020616 (2023)[13] 155,312 (2023)[14]
Banjarmasin Metropolitan ASEAN Indonesia 6.017 (2021)[45] 2,164,485 (2021)[45]
Baotou  China 40.412 (2020)[25][26] 2,225,000 (2020)[12]
Barcelona metropolitan area European Union Spain 182.524 (2020)[2] 4,775,000 (2020)[12]
Barnstable Town, MA MSA  United States 18.186673 (2023)[13] 231,735 (2023)[14]
Barrie  Canada 7.646 (2021)[7] 221,954 (2021)[8]
Batam Metropolitan ASEAN Indonesia 16.006 (2021)[46] 1,450,000 (2021)[20]
Baton Rouge, LA MSA  United States 68.827180 (2023)[13] 873,661 (2023)[14]
Battle Creek, MI MSA  United States 8.543282 (2023)[13] 133,366 (2023)[14]
Bay City, MI MSA  United States 4.507259 (2023)[13] 102,500 (2023)[14]
Beaumont-Port Arthur, TX MSA  United States 31.114626 (2023)[13] 395,479 (2023)[14]
Beckley, WV MSA  United States 5.541536 (2023)[13] 111,428 (2023)[14]
Belfast  United Kingdom 21.365 (2022)[47][48] 348,006 (2022)[47]
Belgrade  Serbia 25.31 (2021)[49] 1,430,000 (2021)[20]
Belleville, Ontario  Canada 4.512 (2021)[7] 113,875 (2021)[8]
Bellingham, WA MSA  United States 21.489731 (2023)[13] 231,919 (2023)[14]
Belo Horizonte Mercosur Brazil 54.996 (2011)[29] 4,744,599 (2010)[50]
Bend, OR MSA  United States 15.445974 (2023)[13] 260,919 (2023)[14]
Bendigo  Australia 3.961 (2018–19)[17] 99,416 (2018–19)[51]
Bengaluru  India 359.9 (2023)[52] 13,700,000 (2023)[16]
Bergamo metropolitan area European Union Italy 40.539 (2020)[2] 1,102,286 (2020)[53]
Berlin/Brandenburg Metropolitan Region European Union Germany 271.818 (2021)[54] 4,750,000 (2021)[20]
Bhopal  India 5.35 (2023)[55] 2,600,000 (2023)[16]
Bielefeld European Union Germany 16.19 (2020)[2] 591,862 (2021)[56]
Bielsko-Biała European Union Poland 10.147 (2020)[2] 169,756 (2020)[57]
Bilbao metropolitan area European Union Spain 37.568 (2020)[2] 1,014,366 (2020)[58]
Billings, MT MSA  United States 14.407832 (2023)[13] 191,435 (2023)[14]
Binghamton, NY MSA  United States 12.927169 (2023)[13] 243,792 (2023)[14]
Birmingham (West Midlands)  United Kingdom 104.981 (2022)[47][48] 2,953,850 (2022)[47]
Birmingham-Hoover, AL MSA  United States 84.566170 (2023)[13] 1,116,857 (2022)[14]
Bismarck, ND MSA  United States 9.430711 (2023)[13] 135,786 (2023)[14]
Blacksburg-Christiansburg, VA MSA  United States 10.166304 (2023)[13] 165,812 (2022)[14]
Bloomington, IL MSA  United States 15.005648 (2023)[13] 170,441 (2023)[14]
Bloomington, IN MSA  United States 9.641723 (2023)[13] 160,874 (2023)[14]
Bloomsburg-Berwick, PA MSA  United States 5.613010 (2023)[13] 83,017 (2022)[14]
Bocholt metropolitan area European Union Germany 16.488 (2020)[2] 71,074 (2021)[59]
Boise, ID MSA  United States 55.331136 (2023)[13] 824,657 (2023)[14]
Bologna metropolitan area European Union Italy 45.648 (2020)[2] 1,017,225 (2020)
Bordeaux European Union France 73.813 (2021)[2] 1,100,000 (2021)[20]
Boston-Cambridge-Newton, MA-NH (Metropolitan Statistical Area)  United States 610.486075 (2023)[13] 4,919,179 (2023)[14]
Boulder, CO MSA  United States 37.662897 (2023)[13] 326,831 (2023)[14]
Bournemouth and Poole  United Kingdom 16.864 (2022)[47][48] 401,897 (2022)[47]
Bowling Green, KY MSA  United States 11.830435 (2023)[13] 188,840 (2023)[14]
Brantford  Canada 5.385 (2021)[7] 154,782 (2021)[8]
Brasília Mercosur Brazil 65.338 (2015)(8th) 3,548,438 (2017)[60]
Brașov European Union Romania 8.472 (2020)[2] 371,802 (2021)[61]
Bratislava metropolitan area European Union Slovakia 33.072 (2021)[2] 719,537 (2021)[62]
Breda European Union Netherlands 33.23 (2020)[2] 324,812 (2014)[63]
Bremen European Union Germany 56.517 (2020)[2] 1,000,000 (2020)[12]
Bremerton-Silverdale-Port Orchard, WA MSA  United States 17.319445 (2023)[13] 277,658 (2023)[14]
Brescia metropolitan area European Union Italy 46.603 (2020)[2] 1,250,527 (2020)[53]
Brest Métropole European Union France 32.956 (2021)[2] 381,226 (2021)[64]
Bridgeport-Stamford-Norwalk, CT (Metropolitan Statistical Area)  United States 116.030979 (2023)[13] 962,946 (2022)[14]
Brighton & Hove  United Kingdom 15.076 (2022)[47][48] 277,963 (2022)[47]
Brisbane  Australia 177 (2018–19)[17] 2,388,038 (2018–19)[65]
Bristol  United Kingdom 25.999 (2022)[47][48] 479,032 (2022)[47]
Brno European Union Czech Republic 30.963 (2021)[2] 398,510 (2021)[66]
Brownsville-Harlingen, TX MSA  United States 15.602248 (2023)[13] 426,710 (2023)[14]
Brunswick, GA MSA  United States 6.444126 (2023)[13] 114,442 (2022)[14]
Brussels metropolitan area European Union Belgium 237.08 (2022)[2] 2,725,000 (2022)[24]
Bucharest Metropolitan Area European Union Romania 78.052 (2021)[67] 2,200,000 (2021)[20]
Budapest metropolitan area European Union Hungary 86.93 (2021)[2] 2,625,000 (2021)[20]
Buffalo-Niagara Falls, NY (Metropolitan Statistical Area)  United States 90.716457 (2023)[13] 1,155,604 (2023)[14]
Burlington, NC MSA  United States 8.624438 (2023)[13] 179,165 (2023)[14]
Burlington-South Burlington, VT MSA  United States 18.671208 (2023)[13] 227,942 (2023)[14]
Bursa  Turkey 33.641 (2021)[68] 2,125,000 (2021)[20]
Busan-Gyeongnam Area  South Korea 252.145 (2022)[44] 5,115,000 (2022)[24]
Bydgoszcz–Toruń metropolitan area European Union Poland 12.417 (2020)[2] 752,655 (2019)[69]
Cádiz-Jerez metropolitan area European Union Spain 22.971 (2020)[2] 639,560 (2022) INE
Caen European Union France 25.054 (2021)[2] 395,885 (2021)[70]
Cairns  Australia 10.709 (2018–19)[17] 153,951 (2019)[71]
Calgary Metropolitan Region  Canada 92.109 (2021)[7] 1,558,588 (2021)[8]
California-Lexington Park, MD MSA  United States 9.882630 (2023)[13] 114,877 (2022)[14]
Campinas Mercosur Brazil 40.525 (2011)[29] 1,874,487 (2011)[72]
Campo Grande Mercosur Brazil 9.59 (2013)[73] 786,797 (2010)[74]
Campos dos Goytacazes Mercosur Brazil 5.358 (2016)[75] 511,168 (2020)[76]
Canberra  Australia 30.909 (2018–19)[17] 465,118 (2018–19)[77]
Canton-Massillon, OH MSA  United States 24.599897 (2023)[13] 399,474 (2023)[14]
Cape Coral-Fort Myers, FL MSA  United States 50.645899 (2023)[13] 834,573 (2023)[14]
Cape Girardeau, MO-IL MSA  United States 5.797295 (2023)[13] 98,223 (2023)[14]
Cape Town  South Africa 56.300 (2022)[78] 4,375,000 (2022)[24]
Caracas Mercosur Venezuela 70 (2012)[79] 1,942,652 (2011)[80]
Carbondale-Marion, IL MSA  United States 7.263128 (2023)[13] 132,693 (2022)[14]
Cardiff and Vale of Glamorgan  United Kingdom 21.983 (2022)[47][48] 505,569 (2022)[47]
Carson City, NV MSA  United States 4.777092 (2023)[13] 58,036 (2023)[14]
Casablanca  Morocco 47.000 (2022)[81] 4,625,000 (2022)[24]
Casper, WY MSA  United States 6.983637 (2023)[13] 79,941 (2023)[14]
Cedar Rapids, IA MSA  United States 22.962630 (2023)[13] 275,668 (2023)[14]
Central German Metropolitan Region European Union Germany 109.582 (2020)[54] 2,411,051 (2020)[82]
Chambersburg-Waynesboro, PA MSA  United States 8.148840 (2023)[13] 156,902 (2022)[14]
Champaign-Urbana, IL MSA  United States 15.512304 (2023)[13] 235,608 (2023)[14]
Chandigarh  India 6 (2023)| GDP_rank = 25th 2,575,000 (2023)[16]
Changchun  China 96.240 (2020)[25][83] 3,700,000 (2020)[12]
Changde  China 54.355 (2020)[25] 1,160,000 (2020)[12]
Changji Prefecture  China 20.113 (2020)[25][84] 1,613,585 (2020)[85]
Changsha  China 208 (2022)[86][87][88] 10,420,600 (2022)[89]
Charleroi European Union Belgium 16.93 (2021)[2] 396,820 (2021)[90]
Charleston-North Charleston, SC MSA  United States 63.973949 (2023)[13] 849,417 (2023)[14]
Charleston, WV MSA  United States 16.291494 (2023)[13] 203,164 (2023)[14]
Charlotte-Concord-Gastonia, NC-SC (Metropolitan Statistical Area)  United States 255.666417 (2023)[13] 2,805,115 (2023)[14]
Charlottesville, VA MSA  United States 18.817343 (2023)[13] 225,127 (2023)[14]
Chattanooga, TN-GA MSA  United States 42.381201 (2023)[13] 580,971 (2023)[14]
Chengdu  China 260.409 (2023) 16,600,000 (2023)[16]
Chennai  India 219 (2020)[91] 11,300,000 (2020)[12]
Cheyenne, WY MSA  United States 8.285241 (2023)[13] 100,984 (2023)[14]
Chicago-Naperville-Elgin, IL-IN-WI (Metropolitan Statistical Area)  United States 894.862364 (2023)[13] 9,441,957 (2022)[14]
Chico, CA MSA  United States 11.727399 (2023)[13] 207,172 (2023)[14]
Chilliwack  Canada 3.861 (2021)[7] 119,221 (2021)[8]
Chittagong  Bangladesh 25.5 (2019)[92] 4,925,000 (2020)[12]
Chongqing  China 407.562 (2022)[93] 10,100,000 (2022)[24]
Chuzhou  China 43.960 (2020)[25] 3,937,868 (2020)[94]
Cincinnati, OH-KY-IN (Metropolitan Statistical Area)  United States 198.888723 (2023)[13] 2,271,479 (2023)[14]
Clarksville, TN-KY MSA  United States 17.765745 (2023)[13] 340,495 (2023)[14]
Clermont-Ferrand European Union France 26.492 (2021)[2] 362,578 (2021)[95]
Cleveland-Elyria, OH (Metropolitan Statistical Area)  United States 173.135607 (2023)[13] 2,063,132 (2022)[14]
Cleveland, TN MSA  United States 6.807509 (2023)[13] 129,612 (2023)[14]
Cluj-Napoca European Union Romania 13.155 (2020)[2] 286,598 (2021)[96]
Cocos (Keeling) Islands  Cocos (Keeling) Islands 0.011 (2010)[97] 561 (2011)[98]
Coeur d'Alene, ID MSA  United States 10.583848 (2023)[13] 185,010 (2023)[14]
Coimbatore  India 45 (2021)[99] 2,775,000 (2021)[20]
Coimbra European Union Portugal 9.837 (2021)[2] 140,796 (2021)[100]
College Station-Bryan, TX MSA  United States 19.585335 (2023)[13] 281,445 (2023)[14]
Colorado Springs, CO MSA  United States 53.092641 (2023)[13] 768,832 (2023)[14]
Columbia, MO MSA  United States 13.572357 (2023)[13] 216,511 (2023)[14]
Columbia, SC MSA  United States 58.497422 (2023)[13] 858,302 (2023)[14]
Columbus, GA-AL MSA  United States 18.710583 (2023)[13] 323,768 (2023)[14]
Columbus, IN MSA  United States 8.668346 (2023)[13] 84,003 (2023)[14]
Columbus, OH (Metropolitan Statistical Area)  United States 182.087631 (2023)[13] 2,180,271 (2023)[14]
Communauté d'agglomération Nîmes Métropole European Union France 23.471 (2021)[2] 564,024 (2021)[101]
Communauté d'agglomération Pau Béarn Pyrénées European Union France 26.427 (2021)[2] 311,949 (2021)[102]
Constanța European Union Romania 9.159 (2020)[2] 263,688 (2021)[103]
Copenhagen metropolitan area European Union Denmark 179.846 (2021)[2] 1,690,000 (2021)[20]
Córdoba metropolitan area European Union Spain 14.929 (2020)[2] 326,039 (2020)[104]
Corpus Christi, TX MSA  United States 30.930920 (2023)[13] 448,323 (2023)[14]
Corvallis, OR MSA  United States 6.035305 (2023)[13] 97,713 (2023)[14]
Coventry  United Kingdom 13.9 (2020)[105][38] 379,387 (2020)[106]
Crestview-Fort Walton Beach-Destin, FL MSA  United States 23.794720 (2023)[13] 304,818 (2023)[14]
Cumberland, MD-WV MSA  United States 4.359585 (2023)[13] 94,122 (2022)[14]
Curitiba Mercosur Brazil 58.082 (2011)[29] 3,054,076 (2010)[107]
Daegu  South Korea 50.400 (2022)[108] 2,750,000 (2022)[24]
Daejeon  South Korea 40.000 (2022)[108] 1,540,000 (2022)[24]
Dalian  China 125 (2022)[86][87][88] 5,050,000 (2022)[24]
Dallas-Fort Worth-Arlington, TX (Metropolitan Statistical Area)  United States 744.653629 (2023)[13] 8,100,037 (2023)[14]
Dalton, GA MSA  United States 9.271266 (2023)[13] 144,722 (2023)[14]
Danville, IL MSA  United States 4.136523 (2023)[13] 72,337 (2022)[14]
Daphne-Fairhope-Foley, AL MSA  United States 12.071468 (2023)[13] 253,507 (2023)[14]
Daqing  China 33.362 (2020)[25][109] 1,620,000 (2020)[12]
Dar es Salaam  Tanzania 10.4 (2019)[110] 6,450,000 (2020)[12]
Davenport-Moline-Rock Island, IA-IL MSA  United States 27.875132 (2023)[13] 379,441 (2023)[14]
Dayton, OH MSA  United States 41.111 (2017)[13] 812,595 (2022)[14]
Decatur, AL MSA  United States 8.841158 (2023)[13] 158,635 (2023)[14]
Decatur, IL MSA  United States 8.822934 (2023)[13] 100,591 (2023)[14]
Deltona-Daytona Beach-Ormond Beach, FL MSA  United States 32.539529 (2023)[13] 721,796 (2023)[14]
Denpasar Metropolitan ASEAN Indonesia 9.941 (2021)[111] 1,580,000 (2021)[20]
Denver-Aurora-Lakewood, CO (Metropolitan Statistical Area)  United States 311.876352 (2023)[13] 2,985,871 (2022)[14]
Derby  United Kingdom 11.511 (2022)[47][48] 263,490 (2022)[47]
Des Moines-West Des Moines, IA MSA  United States 74.062506 (2023)[13] 737,164 (2023)[14]
Detroit-Warren-Dearborn, MI (Metropolitan Statistical Area)  United States 331.333163 (2023)[13] 4,342,304 (2023)[14]
Deyang  China 34.855 (2020)[25][112] 3,456,161 (2020)[113]
Dijon Métropole European Union France 23.472 (2021)[2] 368,440 (2021)[114]
Dongying  China 43.222 (2020)[25][115] 2,193,518 (2020)[116]
Dothan, AL MSA  United States 9.099360 (2023)[13] 153,349 (2023)[14]
Dover, DE MSA  United States 10.509748 (2023)[13] 189,789 (2023)[14]
Dresden European Union Germany 50.788 (2020)[2] 1,343,747 (2020)[58]
Drummondville  Canada 3.967 (2021)[7] 102,526 (2021)[8]
Dubai-Sharjah-Ajman metropolitan area  United Arab Emirates 202.800 (2022)[117] 6,050,000 (2022)[24]
Dubuque, IA MSA  United States 9.017369 (2023)[13] 98,887 (2023)[14]
Duluth, MN-WI MSA  United States 18.838611 (2023)[13] 281,603 (2023)[14]
Durban  South Africa 64.700 (2022)[78] 3,525,000 (2022)[24]
Durham-Chapel Hill, NC MSA  United States 70.305292 (2023)[13] 608,879 (2023)[14]
East Stroudsburg, PA MSA  United States 9.215416 (2023)[13] 167,198 (2022)[14]
Eau Claire, WI MSA  United States 11.674198 (2023)[13] 174,873 (2023)[14]
Edinburgh  United Kingdom 39.189 (2022)[47][48] 523,369 (2022)[47]
Edmonton Metropolitan Region  Canada 74.617 (2021)[7] 1,480,159 (2021)[8]
Eindhoven European Union Netherlands 48.257 (2020)[2] 300,751 (2020)[118]
El Centro, CA MSA  United States 13.483299 (2023)[13] 179,057 (2023)[14]
El Paso, TX MSA  United States 48.609163 (2023)[13] 873,331 (2023)[14]
Elizabethtown-Fort Knox, KY MSA  United States 8.182312 (2023)[13] 157,026 (2022)[14]
Elkhart-Goshen, IN MSA  United States 20.857760 (2023)[13] 206,409 (2023)[14]
Elmira, NY MSA  United States 4.544209 (2023)[13] 81,325 (2023)[14]
Enid, OK MSA  United States 3.804621 (2023)[13] 62,023 (2023)[14]
Enschede European Union Netherlands 27.337 (2020)[2] 315,807 (2014)[119]
Erfurt European Union Germany 20.347 (2020)[2] 213,227 (2021)[120]
Erie, PA MSA  United States 14.204975 (2023)[13] 267,571 (2023)[14]
Eugene-Springfield, OR MSA  United States 22.550913 (2023)[13] 381,181 (2023)[14]
European Metropolis of Lille European Union France 101.806 (2021)[2] 1,300,000 (2021)[20]
Evansville, IN-KY MSA  United States 27.437679 (2023)[13] 314,038 (2022)[14]
Ezhou  China 14.574 (2020)[25][121] 1,079,353 (2020)[122]
Fairbanks, AK MSA  United States 7.198784 (2023)[13] 95,356 (2022)[14]
Faisalabad  Pakistan 43 (2013)[123] 3,204,704 (2017)[124]
Fangchenggang  China 10.624 (2020)[25][125] 1,046,068 (2020)[126]
Fargo, ND-MN MSA  United States 20.535575 (2023)[13] 262,620 (2023)[14]
Farmington, NM MSA  United States 6.822347 (2023)[13] 120,675 (2023)[14]
Fayetteville, NC MSA  United States 28.205160 (2023)[13] 392,336 (2023)[14]
Fayetteville-Springdale-Rogers, AR MSA  United States 40.776485 (2023)[13] 590,337 (2023)[14]
Flagstaff, AZ MSA  United States 9.967529 (2023)[13] 144,472 (2023)[14]
Flensburg European Union Germany 10.839 (2020)[2] 113,800 (2021)[127]
Flint, MI MSA  United States 19.151079 (2023)[13] 401,522 (2023)[14]
Florence, SC MSA  United States 12.505628 (2023)[13] 199,630 (2023)[14]
Florence-Muscle Shoals, AL MSA  United States 7.212666 (2023)[13] 155,175 (2023)[14]
Fond du Lac, WI MSA  United States 6.451530 (2023)[13] 103,948 (2023)[14]
Fort Collins, CO MSA  United States 26.974178 (2023)[13] 366,778 (2022)[14]
Fort Smith, AR-OK MSA  United States 12.729594 (2023)[13] 231,280 (2023)[14]
Fort Wayne, IN MSA  United States 30.231008 (2023)[13] 457,842 (2023)[14]
Fort-de-France European Union France 10.741 (2021)[2] 74,921 (2021)[128]
Fortaleza Mercosur Brazil 21.7 (2012)[129] 3,326,820 (2010)[130]
Fredericton  Canada 5.029 (2021)[7] 112,428 (2021)[8]
Freiburg im Breisgau European Union Germany 30.404 (2020)[2] 656,753 (2021)
Fresno, CA MSA  United States 60.151259 (2023)[13] 1,180,020 (2023)[14]
Fukuoka–Kitakyushu  Japan 182.952 (2019)[131] 4,750,000 (2020)[12]
Fuzhou  China 183 (2022)[86][87][88] 4,450,000 (2022)[24]
Gadsden, AL MSA  United States 3.776967 (2023)[13] 103,241 (2023)[14]
Gainesville, FL MSA  United States 21.823778 (2023)[13] 352,126 (2023)[14]
Gainesville, GA MSA  United States 16.640845 (2023)[13] 217,267 (2023)[14]
Gdansk metropolitan area European Union Poland 23.448 (2020)[2] 1,098,379 (2021)[132]
Geelong  Australia 8.725 (2018–19)[17] 271,848 (2018–19)[133]
Geneva  Switzerland 55.423 (2020)[134] 506,343 (2020)[135]
George Town ASEAN Malaysia 27.535 (2022)[136][137] 2,050,000 (2022)[24]
Gettysburg, PA MSA  United States 4.739846 (2023)[13] 106,748 (2023)[14]
Ghent metropolitan area European Union Belgium 39.015 (2021)[2] 561,524 (2021)[138]
Gibraltar  Gibraltar 3.265 (2022)[139][48] 32,688 (2022)[140]
Gladstone  Australia 4.464 (2018–19)[17] 45,130 (2018)[141]
Glasgow  United Kingdom 35.045 (2022)[47][48] 631,402 (2022)[47]
Glens Falls, NY MSA  United States 8.717091 (2023)[13] 125,427 (2023)[14]
Goiânia Mercosur Brazil 22.763 (2011)[29] 2,078,438 (2011)[142]
Gold Coast  Australia 26.669 (2018–19)[17] 679,127 (2018)[143]
Goldsboro, NC MSA  United States 6.339867 (2023)[13] 118,686 (2023)[14]
Gothenburg European Union Sweden 104.766 (2021)[2] 1,051,345 (2020)[58]
Granada metropolitan area European Union Spain 18.091 (2020)[2] 495,900 (2020)[144]
Grand Besançon Métropole European Union France 19.018 (2021)[2] 197,494 (2021)[145]
Grand Forks, ND-MN MSA  United States 6.878157 (2023)[13] 103,120 (2023)[14]
Grand Island, NE MSA  United States 5.979384 (2023)[13] 76,479 (2023)[14]
Grand Junction, CO MSA  United States 9.147468 (2023)[13] 159,681 (2023)[14]
Grand Poitiers communauté urbaine European Union France 15.217 (2021)[2] 266,160 (2021)[146]
Grand Rapids-Kentwood, MI MSA  United States 82.311400 (2023)[13] 1,094,198 (2022)[14]
Grand Reims European Union France 23.619 (2021)[2] 297,068 (2021)[147]
Grants Pass, OR MSA  United States 3.877152 (2023)[13] 87,821 (2023)[14]
Graz European Union Austria 32.416 (2020)[2] 351,369 (2021)[148]
Great Falls, MT MSA  United States 5.345805 (2023)[13] 84,900 (2023)[14]
Greater Buenos Aires Mercosur Argentina 235.600 (2023)[149] 16,700,000 (2023)[16]
Greater Cairo  Egypt 190.200 (2021)[21] 21,500,000 (2021)[20]
Dhaka  Bangladesh 285.1 (2023)[150] 20,900,000 (2022)[24]
Greater Dublin Area European Union Ireland 272.454 (2022)[2] 1,420,000 (2022)[24]
Greater Helsinki European Union Finland 125.166 (2022)[67] 1,500,000 (2022)[24]
Manchester (Greater Manchester)  United Kingdom 122.876 (2022)[47][48] 2,911,698 (2022)[47]
Greater Manila Area ASEAN Philippines 162.3 (2022)[151] 26,400,000 (2022)[24]
Greater Mexico City  Mexico 340.800 (2022)[152] 24,700,000 (2022)[24]
Greater Montreal  Canada 203.121 (2021)[7] 4,340,642 (2021)[8]
Greater São Paulo Mercosur Brazil 314.500 (2022)[153] 22,700,000 (2022)[24]
Greater Sudbury  Canada 8.259 (2021)[7] 172,832 (2021)[8]
Greater Tokyo Area  Japan 2,080.758 (2020)[154] 40,400,000 (2020)[12]
Greater Toronto and Hamilton Area  Canada 411.866 (2021)[7] 7,358,777 (2021)[8]
Greater Vancouver  Canada 146.512 (2021)[7] 2,764,932 (2021)[8]
Greeley, CO MSA  United States 28.181144 (2023)[13] 359,442 (2023)[14]
Green Bay, WI MSA  United States 26.276686 (2023)[13] 331,882 (2023)[14]
Greensboro-High Point, NC MSA  United States 52.925956 (2023)[13] 789,842 (2023)[14]
Greenville, NC MSA  United States 11.865912 (2023)[13] 175,119 (2023)[14]
Greenville-Anderson, SC MSA  United States 63.357431 (2023)[13] 958,958 (2022)[14]
Grenoble metropolitan area European Union France 53.606 (2021)[2] 760,823 (2021)[155]
Groningen European Union Netherlands 22.301 (2020)[2] 232,874 (2020)[156]
Guadalajara  Mexico 65.800 (2023)[157] 5,750,000 (2023)[16]
Shenzhen  China 455.694 (2022)[93] 14,678,000 (2022)[24]
Guangzhou  China 429 (2022)[86][87][88] 18,676,000 (2022)[72]
Tianjin  China 243 (2022)[86][87][88] 11,200,000 (2022)[24]
Suzhou  China 356 (2022)[86][87][88] 12,748,000 (2022)[72]
Ningbo  China 234 (2022)[86][87][88] 6,850,000 (2022)[24]
Foshan  China 189 (2022)[86][87][88] 9,499,000 (2022)[72]
Nantong  China 169 (2022)[86][87][88] 3,125,000 (2022)[24]
Dongguan  China 167 (2022)[86][87][88] 10,466,000 (2022)[72]
Changzhou  China 142 (2022)[86][87][88] 5,278,000 (2022)[72]
Guelph  Canada 9.471 (2021)[7] 169,363 (2021)[8]
Guiyang  China 62.511 (2020)[25][158] 3,300,000 (2020)[12]
Gujranwala  Pakistan 15.681 (2016)[159] 5,011,066 (2017)[160]
Gulfport-Biloxi, MS MSA  United States 24.668587 (2023)[13] 421,916 (2023)[14]
Gwangju  South Korea 36.000 (2022)[108] 1,630,000 (2022)[24]
Hagerstown-Martinsburg, MD-WV MSA  United States 15.286099 (2023)[13] 305,902 (2023)[14]
Haifa  Israel 25.082 (2019)[161] 1,050,000 (2019)[162]
Haixi Prefecture  China 8.986 (2020)[25][163] 468,216 (2020)[164]
Halifax, Nova Scotia  Canada 21.574 (2021)[7] 459,869 (2021)[8]
Hamamatsu  Japan 54.3 (2010)[165][166] 800,866 (2010)[167]
Hamburg Metropolitan Region European Union Germany 261.306 (2020)[54] 2,875,000 (2020)[12]
Hami  China 8.814 (2020)[25][84] 673,383 (2020)[85]
Hammond, LA MSA  United States 6.219912 (2023)[13] 138,064 (2023)[14]
Hanford-Corcoran, CA MSA  United States 8.873931 (2023)[13] 152,682 (2023)[14]
Hangzhou  China 279.000 (2022)[93] 11,936,010 (2020)[168]
Hannover–Braunschweig–Göttingen–Wolfsburg Metropolitan Region European Union Germany 186.167 (2020)[54] 3,845,271 (2015)[169]
Hanoi ASEAN Vietnam 42.04 (2019)[170] 8,053,663 (2019)[171]
Harbin  China 94.1 (2017)[172] 10,009,854 (2020)[173]
Harrisburg-Carlisle, PA MSA  United States 50.902418 (2023)[13] 606,055 (2023)[14]
Harrisonburg, VA MSA  United States 10.348301 (2023)[13] 137,650 (2023)[14]
Hartford-East Hartford-Middletown, CT (Metropolitan Statistical Area)  United States 122.805302 (2023)[13] 1,221,725 (2022)[14]
Hattiesburg, MS MSA  United States 8.700243 (2023)[13] 155,740 (2023)[14]
Hefei  China 179 (2022)[86][87][88] 7,150,000 (2022)[24]
Heidelberg European Union Germany 34.067 (2020)[2] 1,544,830 (2020)[174]
Hickory-Lenoir-Morganton, NC MSA  United States 19.612987 (2022)[13] 370,030 (2023)[14]
Hilton Head Island-Bluffton, SC MSA  United States 14.360798 (2023)[13] 228,410 (2022)[14]
Hinesville, GA MSA  United States 5.154740 (2023)[13] 88,804 (2023)[14]
Hiroshima  Japan 61.3 (2010)[165][166] 2,860,750 (2010)[175]
Ho Chi Minh City metropolitan area ASEAN Vietnam 96.399 (2022)[176] 10,900,000 (2022)[24]
Hobart  Australia 11.388 (2018–19)[17] 218,874 (2018–19)[177]
Hohhot  China 40.605 (2020)[25][26] 1,870,000 (2020)[12]
Homosassa Springs, FL MSA  United States 6.430594 (2023)[13] 166,696 (2023)[14]
Hong Kong Hong Kong China 401.751 (2024)[178] 7,557,000 (2024)[178]
Hot Springs, AR MSA  United States 4.606197 (2023)[13] 99,784 (2023)[14]
Houma-Thibodaux, LA MSA  United States 12.215010 (2023)[13] 200,656 (2022)[14]
Houston-The Woodlands-Sugar Land, TX (Metropolitan Statistical Area)  United States 696.999366 (2023)[13] 7,340,118 (2022)[14]
Hsinchu  Taiwan 11.980 (2016)[179] 448,207 (2020)[180]
Huai'an  China 58.361 (2020)[25][181] 1,980,000 (2020)[12]
Huntington-Ashland, WV-KY-OH MSA  United States 19.176990 (2023)[13] 368,261 (2023)[14]
Huntsville, AL MSA  United States 42.815938 (2023)[13] 527,254 (2023)[14]
Hyderabad  India 83.5 (2023)[182] 11,100,000 (2023)[16]
Iași European Union Romania 8.682 (2020)[2] 423,154 (2021)[61]
Idaho Falls, ID MSA  United States 11.962936 (2023)[13] 168,322 (2023)[14]
Indianapolis-Carmel-Anderson, IN (Metropolitan Statistical Area)  United States 199.197977 (2023)[13] 2,141,779 (2022)[14]
Indore  India 8.1 (2020–21)[183] 3,175,000 (2020)[12]
Innsbruck European Union Austria 15.921 (2020)[2] 228,866 (2021)[184]
Iowa City, IA MSA  United States 13.602212 (2023)[13] 180,088 (2023)[14]
Iserlohn European Union Germany 16.739 (2020)[2] 91,873 (2021)[185]
Istanbul metropolitan area  Turkey 275.365 (2022)[186] 16,500,000 (2022)[24]
Ithaca, NY MSA  United States 7.388818 (2023)[13] 103,558 (2023)[14]
İzmir  Turkey 51.460 (2021)[68] 3,050,000 (2021)[20]
Jackson, MI MSA  United States 8.588193 (2023)[13] 159,424 (2023)[14]
Jackson, MS MSA  United States 37.054502 (2023)[13] 610,257 (2023)[14]
Jackson, TN MSA  United States 11.474534 (2023)[13] 181,826 (2023)[14]
Jacksonville, FL (Metropolitan Statistical Area)  United States 129.094522 (2023)[13] 1,713,240 (2023)[14]
Jacksonville, NC MSA  United States 11.858614 (2023)[13] 213,676 (2023)[14]
Jaipur  India 15 (2021)[187][dead link‍] 4,050,000 (2021)[20]
Jakarta metropolitan area ASEAN Indonesia 323.030 (2022)[188][189][190] 28,600,000 (2022)[24]
Janesville-Beloit, WI MSA  United States 10.503232 (2023)[13] 164,278 (2023)[14]
Jeddah  Saudi Arabia 138.970 (2022)[191] 5,300,000 (2022)[24]
Jefferson City, MO MSA  United States 10.722699 (2023)[13] 150,733 (2023)[14]
Jerusalem  Israel 48.0 (2015)[192] 1,008,400 (2013)[193]
Jiayuguan  China 4.083 (2020)[25][194] 312,663 (2020)[195]
Jinan  China 179 (2022)[86][87][88] 6,200,000 (2022)[24]
Jinchang  China 5.199 (2020)[25][194] 438,026 (2020)[195]
Beijing  China 618.648 (2022)[196] 20,500,000 (2022)[24]
Jingmen  China 27.640 (2020)[25][121] 2,596,927 (2020)[122]
Jiujiang  China 46.981 (2020)[25][197] 4,600,276 (2020)[198]
Johannesburg  South Africa 134.682 (2022)[78] 8,400,042 (2022)[72]
Johnson City, TN MSA  United States 10.758069 (2022)[13] 213,198 (2023)[14]
Johnstown, PA MSA  United States 6.068733 (2023)[13] 130,668 (2023)[14]
Jonesboro, AR MSA  United States 7.875673 (2023)[13] 136,390 (2023)[14]
Joplin, MO MSA  United States 9.860195 (2023)[13] 184,086 (2022)[14]
Jundiaí Mercosur Brazil 20.081 (2011)[29] 698,679 (2010)[199]
Kabul  Afghanistan 6.000 4,800,000 (2023)[16]
Kagoshima  Japan 53.0 (2019)[154] 1,588,256 (2020)[200]
Kahului-Wailuku-Lahaina, HI MSA  United States 12.299263 (2023)[13] 164,351 (2022)[14]
Kaiserslautern European Union Germany 9.577 (2020)[2] 124,300 (2021)[201]
Kalamazoo-Portage, MI MSA  United States 20.316132 (2023)[13] 262,215 (2023)[14]
Kamloops  Canada 5.533 (2021)[7] 117,137 (2021)[8]
Kankakee, IL MSA  United States 8.725053 (2023)[13] 105,940 (2023)[14]
Kansas City, MO-KS (Metropolitan Statistical Area)  United States 185.746211 (2023)[13] 2,221,343 (2023)[14]
Kaohsiung  Taiwan 58.071 (2016)[202] 2,775,000 (2020)[12]
Karachi  Pakistan 176.2 (2022)[203] 18,600,000 (2022)[24]
Karamay  China 12.858 (2020)[25][84] 490,348 (2020)[85]
Karlsruhe European Union Germany 43.054 (2020)[2] 504,030 (2020)[204]
Kassel European Union Germany 19.433 (2020)[2] 340,200 (2021)[205]
Katowice metropolitan area European Union Poland 52.713 (2021)[2] 2,325,000 (2021)[20]
Kaunas urban area European Union Lithuania 14.406 (2022)[206][38] 298,753 (2021)[207]
Kelowna  Canada 9.822 (2021)[7] 229,003 (2021)[8]
Kennewick-Richland, WA MSA  United States 21.082419 (2023)[13] 314,253 (2023)[14]
Kiel European Union Germany 26.831 (2020)[2] 325,300 (2021)[208]
Kielce European Union Poland 9.144 (2020)[2] 192,468 (2021)(18th)[209]
Killeen-Temple, TX MSA  United States 26.667324 (2023)[13] 501,333 (2023)[14]
Kingston upon Hull  United Kingdom 9.687 (2022)[47][48] 268,844 (2022)[47]
Kingsport-Bristol, TN-VA MSA  United States 18.326336 (2023)[13] 313,025 (2023)[14]
Kingston, NY MSA  United States 9.905383 (2023)[13] 182,333 (2023)[14]
Kingston, Ontario  Canada 8.106 (2021)[7] 176,738 (2021)[8]
Kitchener, Ontario  Canada 29.715 (2021)[7] 599,816 (2021)[8]
Knoxville, TN MSA  United States 64.382649 (2023)[13] 946,264 (2023)[14]
Koblenz European Union Germany 17.01 (2020)[2] 113,638 (2021)[210]
Kokomo, IN MSA  United States 5.473566 (2023)[13] 83,831 (2023)[14]
Kolkata  India 220 (2024)[211] 17,200,000 (2022)[24]
Konstanz, metropolitan area European Union Germany 12.212 (2020)[2] 288,097 (2021)
Košice European Union Slovakia 14.243 (2021)[2] 228,249 (2021)[212]
Kraków metropolitan area European Union Poland 29.165 (2020)[2] 1,498,499 (2020)
Kuala Lumpur ASEAN Malaysia 59.831 (2019)[213] 8,900,000 (2020)[12]
Kumamoto  Japan 39.8 (2010)[165][214] 1,817,426 (2010)[215]
Kunming  China 97.628 (2020)[25][216] 4,250,000 (2020)[12]
Kuwait City  Kuwait 118.000 (2020)[217] 4,750,000 (2020)[12]
Kyiv  Ukraine 27.5 (2020)[218] 3,475,000 (2020)[12]
Kyoto–Osaka–Kobe  Japan 699.474 (2022)[44] 17,700,000 (2022)[24]
La Crosse-Onalaska, WI-MN MSA  United States 10.146203 (2023)[13] 170,238 (2023)[14]
Lafayette, LA MSA  United States 27.687065 (2023)[13] 414,288 (2023)[14]
Lafayette-West Lafayette, IN MSA  United States 14.979052 (2023)[13] 226,564 (2023)[14]
Lagos metropolitan area  Nigeria 102.010 (2021)[219] 20,100,000 (2021)[20]
Lahore  Pakistan 40.000 (2022)[220] 13,900,000 (2022)[24]
Lake Charles, LA MSA  United States 19.707364 (2022)[13] 240,082 (2023)[14]
Lake Havasu City-Kingman, AZ MSA  United States 8.845478 (2023)[13] 223,682 (2023)[14]
Lakeland-Winter Haven, FL MSA  United States 41.081699 (2023)[13] 818,330 (2023)[14]
Lancaster, PA MSA  United States 38.970487 (2023)[13] 558,589 (2023)[14]
Lansing-East Lansing, MI MSA  United States 35.439859 (2023)[13] 473,177 (2023)[14]
Laredo, TX MSA  United States 16.186701 (2023)[13] 269,148 (2023)[14]
Las Cruces, NM MSA  United States 10.565364 (2023)[13] 225,210 (2023)[14]
Las Palmas metropolitan area European Union Spain 16.93 (2020)[2] 556,159 (2020)[221]
Las Vegas-Henderson-Paradise, NV (Metropolitan Statistical Area)  United States 178.388313 (2023)[13] 2,322,985 (2022)[14]
Launceston  Australia 3.961 (2018–19)[17] 89,532 (2018–19)[222]
Lawrence, KS MSA  United States 6.741959 (2023)[13] 120,553 (2023)[14]
Lawton, OK MSA  United States 6.838293 (2023)[13] 127,001 (2023)[14]
Le Mans Métropole European Union France 18.533 (2021)[2] 267,560 (2021)[223]
Lebanon, PA MSA  United States 7.912272 (2023)[13] 144,252 (2023)[14]
Leeds (West Yorkshire)  United Kingdom 91.688 (2022)[47][48] 2,378,144 (2022)[47]
Leeuwarden metropolitan area European Union Netherlands 11.749 (2020)[2] 124,084 (2020)[224]
Leicester  United Kingdom 13.726 (2022)[47][48] 373,404 (2022)[47]
Leiden European Union Netherlands 18.472 (2020)[2] 270,225 (2018)[225]
Les Abymes European Union France 10.807 (2020)[2] 52,118 (2021)[226]
Lethbridge  Canada 5.657 (2021)[7] 130,088 (2021)[8]
Lewiston, ID-WA MSA  United States 3.915782 (2023)[13] 65,536 (2023)[14]
Lewiston-Auburn, ME MSA  United States 6.750171 (2023)[13] 113,765 (2023)[14]
Lexington-Fayette, KY MSA  United States 38.612656 (2023)[13] 520,045 (2023)[14]
Lhasa  China 9.832 (2020)[25][227] 867,891 (2020)[228]
Lianyungang  China 47.512 (2020)[25][181] 1,150,000 (2020)[12]
Liège European Union Belgium 31.085 (2021)[2] 500,903 (2021)[229]
Lima  Peru 114.400 (2023)[230] 11,600,000 (2023)[16]
Lima, OH MSA  United States 11.599931 (2023)[13] 100,838 (2023)[14]
Limoges metropolitan area European Union France 12.558 (2021)[2] 296,099 (2021)[231]
Lincoln, NE MSA  United States 27.995268 (2023)[13] 344,387 (2023)[14]
Linz European Union Austria 43.918 (2020)[2] 271,234 (2020)[232]
Lisbon metropolitan area European Union Portugal 103.33 (2021)[2] 2,500,000 (2021)[20]
Little Rock-North Little Rock-Conway, AR MSA  United States 51.199275 (2023)[13] 764,045 (2023)[14]
Liuzhou  China 46.060 (2020)[25][125] 2,000,000 (2020)[12]
Liverpool (Merseyside)  United Kingdom 55.962 (2022)[47][48] 1,571,058 (2022)[47]
Ljubljana European Union Slovenia 23.937 (2021)[2] 294,464 (2021)[233]
Łódź metropolitan area European Union Poland 21.779 (2021)[2] 1,112,069 (2011)[234]
Logan, UT-ID MSA  United States 8.907030 (2023)[13] 157,887 (2023)[14]
London (Greater London)  United Kingdom 692.765 (2022)[47][48] 8,866,198 (2022)[47]
London, Ontario  Canada 24.508 (2021)[7] 557,394 (2021)[8]
Longview, TX MSA  United States 20.024488 (2023)[13] 293,498 (2023)[14]
Longview, WA MSA  United States 7.096628 (2023)[13] 111,956 (2022)[14]
Longyan  China 41.623 (2020)[25][235] 2,723,637 (2020)[236]
Los Angeles-Long Beach-Anaheim, CA (Metropolitan Statistical Area)  United States 1,295.361403 (2023)[13] 12,799,100 (2023)[14]
Louisville/Jefferson County, KY-IN (Metropolitan Statistical Area)  United States 97.751023 (2023)[13] 1,365,557 (2023)[14]
Lubbock, TX MSA  United States 19.655310 (2023)[13] 360,104 (2023)[14]
Lublin European Union Poland 10.065 (2020)[2] 664,000 (2021)
Lucknow  India 3.83 (2023)[237] 4,000,000 (2023)[16]
Luton  United Kingdom 9.405 (2022)[47][48] 226,981 (2022)[47]
Luoyang  China 74.352 (2020)[25] 2,550,000 (2020)[12]
Luxembourg metropolitan area European Union Luxembourg 85.503 (2021)[2] 643,941 (2021)[238]
Lynchburg, VA MSA  United States 13.511861 (2023)[13] 264,590 (2023)[14]
Maanshan  China 31.706 (2020)[25] 2,159,930 (2020)[239]
Macao Macau China 53.447 (2024)[178] 692,000 (2024)[178]
Mackay  Australia 6.540 (2018–19)[17] 80,148 (2018)[240]
Macon-Bibb County, GA MSA  United States 13.337109 (2023)[13] 236,074 (2023)[14]
Madera, CA MSA  United States 8.025001 (2023)[13] 160,256 (2022)[14]
Madison, WI MSA  United States 66.115608 (2023)[13] 694,345 (2023)[14]
Madrid Metropolitan Area European Union Spain 277.508 (2021)[67] 6,700,000 (2021)[20]
Magdeburg European Union Germany 18.25 (2020)[2] 295,200 (2021)[241]
Makassar Metropolitan ASEAN Indonesia 17.052 (2021)[242] 1,920,000 (2021)[20]
Málaga metropolitan area European Union Spain 32.26 (2020)[2] 1,030,000 (2020)[12]
Malmö European Union Sweden 64.427 (2020)[2] 748,433 (2020)[243]
Manado Metropolitan ASEAN Indonesia 5.487 (2021)[244] 1,008,126 (2021)[244]
Manaus Mercosur Brazil 30.375 (2014)[245] 1,802,014 (2010)[246]
Manchester-Nashua, NH MSA  United States 36.596890 (2023)[13] 427,354 (2023)[14]
Manhattan, KS MSA  United States 8.802533 (2023)[13] 132,831 (2023)[14]
Mankato, MN MSA  United States 7.182368 (2023)[13] 104,248 (2023)[14]
Mansfield, OH MSA  United States 5.920097 (2023)[13] 125,064 (2023)[14]
Mataram Metropolitan ASEAN Indonesia 5.491 (2021)[247] 3,808,908 (2021)[247]
McAllen-Edinburg-Mission, TX MSA  United States 30.225234 (2023)[13] 898,471 (2023)[14]
Medan Metropolitan ASEAN Indonesia 28.248 (2021)[248] 4,075,000 (2021)[20]
Medellín  Colombia 35.000 (2023)[249] 4,225,000 (2023)[16]
Medford, OR MSA  United States 12.853288 (2023)[13] 220,768 (2023)[14]
Melbourne  Australia 318.677 (2021)[44] 5,050,000 (2021)[20]
Memphis, TN-MS-AR (Metropolitan Statistical Area)  United States 102.934012 (2023)[13] 1,335,674 (2023)[14]
Merced, CA MSA  United States 12.214481 (2023)[13] 291,920 (2023)[14]
Métropole du Grand Nancy European Union France 24.59 (2021)[2] 427,697 (2021)[250]
Métropole Nice Côte d'Azur European Union France 47.361 (2021)[2] 1,101,039 (2021)[251]
Métropole Rouen Normandie European Union France 49.637 (2021)[2] 499,830 (2021)[252]
Metropolis of Lyon European Union France 116.412 (2021)[253] 1,990,000 (2021)[20]
Metropolitan Area of Bogotá  Colombia 121.800 (2023)[249] 10,200,000 (2023)[16]
Metropolitan City of Bari European Union Italy 30.011 (2020)[2] 1,223,102 (2023)[254]
Metropolitan City of Cagliari European Union Italy 12.645 (2020)[2] 419,553 (2023)[255]
Metropolitan City of Catania European Union Italy 22.017 (2020)[2] 1,068,482 (2023)[256]
Metropolitan City of Florence European Union Italy 39.496 (2020)[2] 1,010,000 (2020)[12]
Metropolitan City of Genoa European Union Italy 30.556 (2020)[2] 564,981 (2021)[257]
Metropolitan City of Messina European Union Italy 12.441 (2020)[2] 598,811 (2023)[258]
Metropolitan City of Palermo European Union Italy 25.53 (2020)[2] 647,160 (2021)[259]
Metropolitan Cork European Union Ireland 117.882 (2020)[2] 270,000 (2020)[260]
Miami-Fort Lauderdale-West Palm Beach, FL (Metropolitan Statistical Area)  United States 533.673895 (2023)[13] 6,139,340 (2022)[14]
Michigan City-La Porte, IN MSA  United States 5.676096 (2023)[13] 111,706 (2023)[14]
Midland, MI MSA  United States 7.636137 (2023)[13] 84,039 (2023)[14]
Midland, TX MSA  United States 53.664570 (2023)[13] 182,324 (2023)[14]
Milan metropolitan area European Union Italy 233.596 (2020)[2] 6,200,000 (2020)[12]
Milton Keynes  United Kingdom 19.972 (2022)[47][48] 292,176 (2022)[47]
Milwaukee-Waukesha-West Allis, WI (Metropolitan Statistical Area)  United States 130.856689 (2023)[13] 1,560,424 (2023)[14]
Minneapolis-St. Paul-Bloomington, MN-WI (Metropolitan Statistical Area)  United States 350.710432 (2023)[13] 3,712,020 (2023)[14]
Minsk  Belarus 19.913 (2023)[261][38] 2,050,000 (2023)[16]
Missoula, MT MSA  United States 8.201713 (2023)[13] 126,939 (2023)[14]
Mobile, AL MSA  United States 29.553574 (2023)[13] 411,640 (2023)[14]
Modesto, CA MSA  United States 30.597632 (2023)[13] 551,430 (2023)[14]
Monaco  Monaco 6.816 (2020)[262] 39,150 (2021)[263]
Moncton  Canada 7.114 (2021)[7] 162,824 (2021)[8]
Monroe, LA MSA  United States 10.276428 (2023)[13] 221,885 (2023)[14]
Monroe, MI MSA  United States 7.956412 (2023)[13] 155,045 (2023)[14]
Monterrey  Mexico 140 (2015)[264] 5,324,281 (2020)[265]
Montevideo Mercosur Uruguay 53.9 (2022)[266] 1,870,000 (2022)[24]
Montgomery, AL MSA  United States 24.065840 (2023)[13] 385,480 (2023)[14]
Montpellier Méditerranée Métropole European Union France 45.031 (2021)[2] 487,519 (2021)[252]
Morgantown, WV MSA  United States 10.070965 (2023)[13] 141,817 (2023)[14]
Morristown, TN MSA  United States 7.387094 (2023)[13] 124,054 (2023)[14]
Moscow metropolitan area  Russia 504.808 (2022)[44] 17,400,000 (2022)[24]
Mount Vernon-Anacortes, WA MSA  United States 8.858346 (2023)[13] 131,417 (2023)[14]
Mulhouse Alsace Agglomération European Union France 27.213 (2021)[2] 356,125 (2021)[267]
Multan  Pakistan 12.000 (2022)[268] 2,225,000 (2022)[24]
Mumbai  India 293.8 (2023)[269] 26,600,000 (2023)[16]
Muncie, IN MSA  United States 5.333469 (2023)[13] 112,321 (2023)[14]
Munich Metropolitan Region European Union Germany 384.582 (2020)[2] 2,250,000 (2020)[12]
Murcia metropolitan area European Union Spain 33.946 (2020)[2] 1,528,828 (2020)[270]
Muskegon, MI MSA  United States 8.004713 (2023)[13] 176,565 (2022)[14]
Myrtle Beach-Conway-North Myrtle Beach, SC-NC MSA  United States 27.945154 (2023)[13] 536,165 (2022)[14]
Nagoya  Japan 379.301 (2021)[44] 10,500,000 (2021)[20]
Nagpur  India 19 (2021–22)[271] 3,325,000 (2021)[20]
Nairobi  Kenya 30 (2023)[272] 6,550,000 (2023)[16]
Namur metropolitan area European Union Belgium 12.559 (2021)[2] 319,355 (2021)[273]
Nanaimo  Canada 4.631 (2021)[7] 117,935 (2021)[8]
Nanchang  China 83.300 (2020)[25][197] 3,875,000 (2020)[12]
Nanjing  China 251.000 (2022)[93] 7,519,814 (2020)[274]
Nanning  China 54.299 (2015)[275][276] 7,765,411 (2015)[277]
Nanping  China 29.104 (2020)[25][235] 2,680,645 (2020)[236]
Nantes European Union France 65.457 (2021)[2] 859,972 (2021)[278]
Napa, CA MSA  United States 14.227116 (2023)[13] 133,216 (2023)[14]
Naples metropolitan area European Union Italy 64.296 (2020)[2] 4,225,000 (2020)[12]
Naples-Marco Island, FL MSA  United States 31.526854 (2023)[13] 404,310 (2023)[14]
Nashville-Davidson—Murfreesboro—Franklin, TN (Metropolitan Statistical Area)  United States 204.861124 (2023)[13] 2,102,573 (2023)[14]
National Capital Region (Delhi)  India 521.5 (2023)[279] 33,400,000 (2023)[16]
Neubrandenburg European Union Germany 8.714 (2020)[2] 63,043 (2021)[280]
New Bern, NC MSA  United States 7.196683 (2023)[13] 122,488 (2022)[281]
New Haven-Milford, CT MSA  United States 65.232142 (2023)[13] 869,527 (2022)[14]
New Orleans-Metairie, LA (Metropolitan Statistical Area)  United States 102.436589 (2023)[13] 962,165 (2023)[14]
New York-Newark-Jersey City, NY-NJ-PA (Metropolitan Statistical Area)  United States 2,298.868394 (2023)[13] 19,617,869 (2022)[14]
Newcastle  Australia 11.554 (2018–19)[17] 492,805 (2018–19)[282]
Nicosia European Union Cyprus 28.407 (2021)[2] 350,824 (2021)[283]
Niigata  Japan 43.3 (2010)[284][214] 2,374,450 (2010)[285]
Niles, MI MSA  United States 9.484269 (2023)[13] 152,261 (2023)[14]
Ningde  China 37.971 (2020)[25][235] 3,146,789 (2020)[236]
North Port-Sarasota-Bradenton, FL MSA  United States 56.607597 (2023)[13] 891,411 (2022)[14]
Northwest Metropolitan Region European Union Germany 115.73 (2020)[54] 2,797,706 (2020)[54]
Norwich-New London, CT MSA  United States 23.909840 (2023)[13] 268,681 (2022)[14]
Nottingham  United Kingdom 15.639 (2022)[47][48] 328,519 (2022)[47]
Nuremberg Metropolitan Region European Union Germany 169.195 (2020)[54] 1,200,000 (2020)[12]
Nyingchi  China 2.774 (2020)[25][286] 238,936 (2020)[287]
Ocala, FL MSA  United States 15.982712 (2023)[13] 409,959 (2023)[14]
Ocean City, NJ MSA  United States 7.772540 (2023)[13] 95,634 (2022)[14]
Odense European Union Denmark 25.361 (2021)[2] 205,509 (2021)[288]
Odessa, TX MSA  United States 15.658079 (2023)[13] 164,494 (2023)[14]
Offenburg European Union Germany 20.259 (2020)[2] 88,600 (2021)[289]
Ogden-Clearfield, UT MSA  United States 43.646961 (2023)[13] 713,839 (2022)[14]
Okayama  Japan 63.1 (2010)[165][214] 1,945,276 (2010)[290]
Oklahoma City, OK (Metropolitan Statistical Area)  United States 100.054101 (2023)[13] 1,477,926 (2023)[14]
Olympia-Lacey-Tumwater, WA MSA  United States 19.969972 (2023)[13] 299,003 (2023)[14]
Omaha-Council Bluffs, NE-IA MSA  United States 92.356612 (2023)[13] 976,671 (2022)[14]
Opole European Union Poland 8.559 (2020)[2] 146,522 (2021)
Orange  Australia 3.204 (2018–19)[17] 40,493 (2018)[143]
Ordos  China 51.232 (2020)[25][26] 2,153,638 (2020)[27]
Orlando-Kissimmee-Sanford, FL (Metropolitan Statistical Area)  United States 217.038119 (2023)[13] 2,817,933 (2023)[14]
Orléans European Union France 27.499 (2021)[2] 453,067 (2021)[291]
Oshawa  Canada 11.851 (2021)[7] 434,673 (2021)[8]
Oshkosh-Neenah, WI MSA  United States 13.408456 (2023)[13] 171,735 (2023)[14]
Oslo  Norway 73.715 (2020)[292] 1,190,000 (2020)[12]
Osnabrück European Union Germany 23.005 (2020)[2] 272,674 (2021)[293]
Ostrava metropolitan area European Union Czech Republic 25.054 (2021)[2] 949,291 (2021)[294]
Ottawa–Gatineau  Canada 78.954 (2021)[7] 1,474,077 (2021)[8]
Owensboro, KY MSA  United States 7.142735 (2023)[13] 112,512 (2023)[14]
Oxnard-Thousand Oaks-Ventura, CA MSA  United States 65.991334 (2023)[13] 829,590 (2023)[14]
Padang Metropolitan ASEAN Indonesia 6.213 (2021)[295] 1,441,760 (2021)[295]
Paderborn European Union Germany 12.659 (2020)[2] 309,380 (2021)[296]
Padua–Treviso–Venice metropolitan area European Union Italy 34.796 (2020)[2] 2,748,420 (2020)[297]
Palembang Metropolitan ASEAN Indonesia 16.561 (2021)[298] 1,740,000 (2021)[20]
Palm Bay-Melbourne-Titusville, FL MSA  United States 39.591386 (2023)[13] 643,979 (2023)[14]
Palma de Mallorca metropolitan area European Union Spain 24.507 (2020)[2] 422,587 (2020)[299]
Pamplona metropolitan area European Union Spain 21.636 (2020)[2] 359,435 (2020)[300]
Panama City, FL MSA  United States 12.731669 (2023)[13] 185,134 (2022)[14]
Panjin  China 18.900 (2020)[25] 1,030,000 (2020)[12]
Panzhihua  China 15.090 (2020)[25][112] 1,212,203 (2020)[113]
Paris metropolitan area European Union France 934.168 (2022)[301][302][303][304] 11,400,000 (2022)[24]
Parkersburg-Vienna, WV MSA  United States 4.711556 (2023)[13] 88,052 (2023)[14]
Parma European Union Italy 19.202 (2020)[2] 450,854 (2023)[305]
Patna  India 30 (2022)[306] 2,800,000 (2022)[24]
Pekanbaru Metropolitan ASEAN Indonesia 25.279 (2021)[307] 1,250,000 (2021)[20]
Pensacola-Ferry Pass-Brent, FL MSA  United States 29.977030 (2023)[13] 530,090 (2023)[14]
Peoria, IL MSA  United States 27.879142 (2023)[13] 362,240 (2023)[14]
Perpignan Méditerranée Métropole European Union France 14.43 (2021)[2] 292,142 (2021)[308]
Perth  Australia 111.056 (2018–19)[17] 2,087,086 (2018–19)[309]
Perugia metropolitan area European Union Italy 18.509 (2020)[2] 637,598 (2023)[310]
Peterborough  United Kingdom 9.863 (2022)[47][48] 217,713 (2022)[47]
Peterborough, Ontario  Canada 4.305 (2021)[7] 132,355 (2021)[8]
Pforzheim European Union Germany 12.932 (2020)[2] 215,100 (2021)[311]
Philadelphia-Camden-Wilmington, PA-NJ-DE-MD (Metropolitan Statistical Area)  United States 557.600681 (2023)[13] 6,246,160 (2023)[14]
Phoenix-Mesa-Scottsdale, AZ (Metropolitan Statistical Area)  United States 398.129452 (2023)[13] 5,070,110 (2023)[14]
Pine Bluff, AR MSA  United States 4.146574 (2023)[13] 84,629 (2022)[14]
Pittsburgh, PA (Metropolitan Statistical Area)  United States 194.229253 (2023)[13] 2,422,725 (2023)[14]
Pittsfield, MA MSA  United States 8.955924 (2023)[13] 126,818 (2023)[14]
Ploiești European Union Romania 8.827 (2020)[2] 180,540 (2021)[61]
Plymouth  United Kingdom 9.762 (2022)[47][48] 266,860 (2022)[47]
Plzeň European Union Czech Republic 13.742 (2021)[2] 174,007 (2021)[312]
Pocatello, ID MSA  United States 4.569769 (2023)[13] 90,400 (2023)[14]
Port St. Lucie, FL MSA  United States 27.153067 (2023)[13] 536,901 (2023)[14]
Portland-South Portland, ME MSA  United States 48.037136 (2023)[13] 566,329 (2023)[14]
Portland-Vancouver-Hillsboro, OR-WA (Metropolitan Statistical Area)  United States 218.894399 (2023)[13] 2,508,050 (2023)[14]
Porto Alegre Mercosur Brazil 45.506 (2011)[29] 3,701,525 (2010)[313]
Porto metropolitan area European Union Portugal 40.868 (2021)[2] 1,550,000 (2021)[20]
Portsmouth  United Kingdom 10.323 (2022)[47][48] 208,414 (2022)[47]
Poznań metropolitan area European Union Poland 33.829 (2022)[2] 546,859 (2021)[314]
Prague metropolitan area European Union Czech Republic 130.085 (2022)[2] 1,470,000 (2022)[24]
Prato European Union Italy 8.564 (2020)[2] 195,213 (2023)[315]
Prescott Valley–Prescott, AZ MSA  United States 6.111 (2017)[13] 249,081 (2023)[14]
Pretoria  South Africa 56.286 (2022)[78] 7,426,673 (2022)
Providence-Warwick, RI-MA (Metropolitan Statistical Area)  United States 111.839552 (2023)[13] 1,677,803 (2023)[14]
Provo-Orem, UT MSA  United States 45.033143 (2023)[13] 715,001 (2022)[14]
Puebla  Mexico 31.102 (2019)[316] 3,903,485 (2020)[317]
Pueblo, CO MSA  United States 8.576776 (2023)[13] 169,422 (2023)[14]
Pune  India 69 (2016)[318][319][320] 9,429,408 (2011)[321]
Punta Gorda, FL MSA  United States 8.701074 (2023)[13] 206,134 (2023)[14]
Putian  China 38.333 (2020)[25][235] 1,380,000 (2020)[12]
Qingdao  China 222 (2022)[86][87][88] 7,050,000 (2022)[24]
Quanzhou  China 180 (2022)[86][87][88] 8,782,285 (2022)[322]
Quebec City  Canada 42.044 (2021)[7] 836,615 (2021)[8]
Quito  Ecuador 33.900 (2023)[323] 2,875,000 (2023)[16]
Quzhou  China 23.764 (2020)[25][324] 2,276,184 (2020)[325]
Racine, WI MSA  United States 10.914885 (2023)[13] 195,846 (2022)[14]
Raleigh, NC (Metropolitan Statistical Area)  United States 133.081325 (2023)[13] 1,509,231 (2023)[14]
Rapid City, SD MSA  United States 9.425612 (2023)[13] 155,974 (2023)[14]
Reading, PA MSA  United States 25.974930 (2023)[13] 432,821 (2023)[14]
Recife Mercosur Brazil 22.81 (2014)[326] 3,741,898 (2010)[327]
Red Deer, Alberta  Canada 4.625 (2021)[7] 105,604 (2021)[8]
Redding, CA MSA  United States 11.047068 (2023)[13] 180,366 (2023)[14]
Regensburg European Union Germany 25.618 (2020)[2] 243,200 (2021)[328]
Reggio Emilia metropolitan area European Union Italy 21.133 (2020)[2] 525,366 (2023)[329]
Regina, Saskatchewan  Canada 15.71 (2021)[7] 264,375 (2021)[8]
Rennes Métropole European Union France 48.287 (2021)[2] 624,744 (2021)[330]
Reno, NV MSA  United States 43.148385 (2023)[13] 564,782 (2023)[14]
Frankfurt Rhine-Main Metropolitan Region European Union Germany 197.259 (2020)[54] 3,250,000 (2020)[12]
Rhine-Neckar Metropolitan Region European Union Germany 113.354 (2020)[54] 2,362,000 (2020)[54]
Rhine-Ruhr Metropolitan Region European Union Germany 634.437 (2021)[54] 13,000,000 (2021)[20]
Richmond, VA (Metropolitan Statistical Area)  United States 116.959541 (2023)[13] 1,349,732 (2023)[14]
Riga metropolitan area European Union Latvia 25.207 (2021)[2] 663,012 (2021)[331]
Rio de Janeiro metropolitan area Mercosur Brazil 195.095 (2021)[332] 13,300,000 (2021)[20]
Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario, CA (Metropolitan Statistical Area)  United States 256.859082 (2023)[13] 4,688,053 (2023)[14]
Riyadh  Saudi Arabia

243.793 (2022)[191]

8,800,000 (2022)[24]
Roanoke, VA MSA  United States 21.742564 (2023)[13] 314,314 (2023)[14]
Rochester, MN MSA  United States 17.948981 (2023)[13] 229,077 (2023)[14]
Rochester, NY MSA  United States 78.469076 (2023)[13] 1,052,087 (2023)[14]
Rockford, IL MSA  United States 19.712066 (2023)[13] 334,124 (2023)[14]
Rockhampton  Australia 5.342 (2018–19)[17] 78,592 (2018)[333]
Rocky Mount, NC MSA  United States 8.732690 (2023)[13] 145,383 (2023)[14]
Rome metropolitan area European Union Italy 175.336 (2020)[2] 3,575,000 (2020)[12]
Rome, GA MSA  United States 5.449843 (2023)[13] 100,113 (2023)[14]
Rostock European Union Germany 15.661 (2020)[2] 243,000 (2021)[334]
Rotterdam European Union Netherlands 112.578 (2021)[2] 1,876,165 (2020)[58]
Rzeszów European Union Poland 8.547 (2020)[2] 195,871 (2021)[335]
Saarbrücken European Union Germany 33.295 (2020)[2] 700,000 (2021)[336]
Sacramento—Roseville—Arden-Arcade, CA (Metropolitan Statistical Area)  United States 189.624282 (2023)[13] 2,420,608 (2023)[14]
Saginaw, MI MSA  United States 10.801688 (2023)[13] 187,782 (2023)[14]
Saguenay, Quebec  Canada 8.114 (2021)[7] 163,630 (2021)[8]
Saint John, New Brunswick  Canada 5.44 (2021)[7] 132,761 (2021)[8]
Saint Petersburg  Russia 128.000 (2021)[337] 5,650,000 (2021)[20]
Saint-Étienne Métropole European Union France 26.675 (2021)[2] 425,495 (2021)[338]
Salem, OR MSA  United States 25.733543 (2023)[13] 436,546 (2023)[14]
Salinas, CA MSA  United States 36.861463 (2023)[13] 430,723 (2023)[14]
Salisbury, MD-DE MSA  United States 30.830418 (2023)[13] 439,032 (2022)[14]
Salt Lake City, UT (Metropolitan Statistical Area)  United States 147.519150 (2023)[13] 1,266,191 (2022)[14]
Salvador Mercosur Brazil 17.98 (2016)[339][340] 3,600,000 (2020)[12]
Salzburg European Union Austria 23.287 (2020)[2] 157,245 (2020)[341]
San Angelo, TX MSA  United States 9.613209 (2023)[13] 120,606 (2023)[14]
San Antonio-New Braunfels, TX (Metropolitan Statistical Area)  United States 182.139043 (2023)[13] 2,703,999 (2023)[14]
San Diego-Carlsbad, CA (Metropolitan Statistical Area)  United States 314.943175 (2023)[13] 3,269,973 (2023)[14]
San Francisco-Oakland-Berkeley, CA (Metropolitan Statistical Area)  United States 778.877804 (2023)[13] 4,579,599 (2022)[14]
San Juan  Puerto Rico 45.461 (2021)[342] 1,920,000 (2021)[20]
San Jose-Sunnyvale-Santa Clara, CA (Metropolitan Statistical Area)  United States 422.817456 (2023)[13] 1,945,767 (2023)[14]
San Luis Obispo-Paso Robles, CA MSA  United States 22.753294 (2023)[13] 281,639 (2023)[14]
San Marino  San Marino 2.049 (2024)[178] 34,000 (2024)[178]
San Sebastián metropolitan area European Union Spain 24.897 (2020)[2] 428,187 (2020)[343]
Sanmenxia  China 21.033 (2020)[25] 2,034,872 (2020)[344]
Sanming  China 39.177 (2020)[25][235] 2,486,450 (2020)[236]
Santa Cruz de Tenerife metropolitan area European Union Spain 19.575 (2020)[2] 434,083 (2020)[345]
Santa Cruz-Watsonville, CA MSA  United States 20.186709 (2023)[13] 261,547 (2023)[14]
Santa Fe, NM MSA  United States 9.278913 (2023)[13] 155,956 (2023)[14]
Santa Maria-Santa Barbara, CA MSA  United States 38.512465 (2023)[13] 441,257 (2023)[14]
Santa Rosa-Petaluma, CA MSA  United States 38.453328 (2023)[13] 481,812 (2023)[14]
Santander metropolitan area European Union Spain 14.665 (2020)[2] 256,025 (2020)[346]
Santiago Metropolitan Region  Chile 128.800 (2023)[347] 8,050,000 (2023)[16]
Santiago de Cali  Colombia 22.100 (2023)[249] 2,925,000 (2023)[16]
Santiago de los Caballeros Dominican Republic Dominican Republic 8.1 (2023)[348] 698,000 (2024)[349]
Santo Domingo Dominican Republic Dominican Republic 37.5 (2023)[348] 4,175,000 (2023)[16]
Santos Mercosur Brazil 28.609 (2011)[29] 1,556,718 (2010)[350]
São José dos Campos Mercosur Brazil 30.148 (2011)[29] 1,419,657 (2010)[351]
São José dos Pinhais Mercosur Brazil 14.726 (2011)[29] 264,210 (2010)[352]
Sapporo  Japan 84.7 (2010)[165][214] 1,913,545 (2010)[353]
Saskatoon  Canada 17.487 (2021)[7] 339,870 (2021)[8]
Savannah, GA MSA  United States 32.395522 (2023)[13] 424,935 (2023)[14]
Schweinfurt European Union Germany 12.847 (2020)[2] 100,500 (2021)[354]
Scranton–Wilkes-Barre, PA MSA  United States 34.511287 (2023)[13] 569,413 (2023)[14]
Seattle-Tacoma-Bellevue, WA (Metropolitan Statistical Area)  United States 566.741523 (2023)[13] 4,044,837 (2023)[14]
Sebastian-Vero Beach, FL MSA  United States 10.207144 (2023)[13] 167,352 (2022)[14]
Sebring-Avon Park, FL MSA  United States 3.583095 (2023)[13] 105,618 (2022)[14]
Semarang Metropolitan ASEAN Indonesia 26.057 (2021)[355] 2,275,000 (2021)[20]
Sendai  Japan 50 (2015)[356] 1,082,159 (2015)[357]
Seoul Capital Area  South Korea 878.535 (2022)[108] 24,800,000 (2022)[24]
Seville metropolitan area European Union Spain 42.016 (2020)[2] 1,290,000 (2020)[12]
Shanghai  China 663.874 (2022)[93] 24,890,106 (2020)
Shantou  China 34.8 (2017)[358] 5,502,031 (2020)[359]
Shaoxing  China 86.999 (2020)[25][324] 5,270,977 (2020)[168]
Sheboygan, WI MSA  United States 8.738603 (2023)[13] 117,752 (2023)[14]
Sheffield  United Kingdom 21.558 (2022)[47][48] 566,222 (2022)[47]
Shenyang  China 95.276 (2020)[25] 8,000,000 (2020)[12]
Sherbrooke  Canada 8.261 (2021)[7] 227,448 (2021)[8]
Sherman-Denison, TX MSA  United States 7.289716 (2023)[13] 146,907 (2023)[14]
Shijiazhuang  China 81.252 (2018)[358] 11,235,086 (2020)[360]
Shizuishan  China 7.853 (2020)[25][361] 751,389 (2020)[362]
Shizuoka  Japan 45.8 (2010)[165][214] 3,765,007 (2010)[363]
Shreveport-Bossier City, LA MSA  United States 27.913122 (2022)[13] 383,295 (2023)[14]
Shuozhou  China 15.955 (2020)[25][364] 1,593,444 (2020)[365]
Siegen European Union Germany 16.336 (2020)[2] 101,516 (2021)[366]
Sierra Vista-Douglas, AZ MSA  United States 6.080882 (2023)[13] 124,640 (2023)[14]
Singapore ASEAN Singapore 530.708 (2024)[178] 5,938,000 (2024)[178]
Sioux City, IA-NE-SD MSA  United States 11.978474 (2023)[13] 144,402 (2023)[14]
Sioux Falls, SD MSA  United States 30.084975 (2023)[13] 289,592 (2022)[14]
Sofia metropolitan area European Union Bulgaria 33.042 (2020)[2] 1,300,000 (2020)[12]
Sorocaba Mercosur Brazil 21.313 (2011)[29] 779,704 (2010)[367]
South Bend-Mishawaka, IN-MI MSA  United States 20.547790 (2023)[13] 324,490 (2023)[14]
Southampton  United Kingdom 13.547 (2022)[47][48] 252,695 (2022)[47]
Spartanburg, SC MSA  United States 21.159577 (2023)[13] 383,327 (2023)[14]
Spokane-Spokane Valley, WA MSA  United States 39.735793 (2023)[13] 600,292 (2023)[14]
Springfield, IL MSA  United States 14.899178 (2023)[13] 205,445 (2023)[14]
Springfield, MA MSA  United States 42.356150 (2023)[13] 460,291 (2023)[14]
Springfield, MO MSA  United States 28.577385 (2023)[13] 491,053 (2023)[14]
Springfield, OH MSA  United States 5.909466 (2023)[13] 134,610 (2023)[14]
St. Catharines–Niagara Falls  Canada 14.973 (2021)[7] 441,452 (2021)[8]
St. Cloud, MN MSA  United States 14.190740 (2023)[13] 202,577 (2023)[14]
St. George, UT MSA  United States 10.742891 (2022)[13] 202,452 (2023)[14]
St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador  Canada 10.995 (2021)[7] 214,267 (2021)[8]
St. Joseph, MO-KS MSA  United States 7.528526 (2023)[13] 118,475 (2023)[14]
St. Louis, MO-IL (Metropolitan Statistical Area)  United States 226.548910 (2023)[13] 2,796,999 (2023)[14]
State College, PA MSA  United States 10.952214 (2023)[13] 157,795 (2023)[14]
Staunton, VA MSA  United States 6.760948 (2023)[13] 126,776 (2022)[14]
Stockholm metropolitan area European Union Sweden 203.899 (2021)[67] 2,250,000 (2021)[20]
Stockton, CA MSA  United States 42.836031 (2023)[13] 793,229 (2022)[14]
Stoke-on-Trent  United Kingdom 9.517 (2022)[47][48] 259,955 (2022)[47]
Strasbourg European Union France 49.09 (2021)[2] 1,150,899 (2021)[368]
Stuttgart Metropolitan Region European Union Germany 294.957 (2020)[54] 2,400,000 (2020)[12]
Sumter, SC MSA  United States 6.599335 (2023)[13] 104,165 (2023)[14]
Sunderland  United Kingdom 10.124 (2022)[47][48] 277,352 (2022)[47]
Sunshine Coast  Australia 13.813 (2018–19)[17] 333,436 (2018)[369]
Surabaya Metropolitan ASEAN Indonesia 88.821 (2021)[370] 6,150,000 (2021)[20]
Surat  India 59.8 (2017)[371] 6,600,000 (2020)[12]
Swansea  United Kingdom 8.184 (2022)[47][48] 241,272 (2022)[47]
Sydney  Australia 398.037 (2021)[44] 5,400,000 (2021)[20]
Syracuse, NY MSA  United States 51.191017 (2023)[13] 652,956 (2023)[14]
Szczecin metropolitan area European Union Poland 13.822 (2020)[372] 750,000 (2020)
Taichung  Taiwan 63.910 (2016)[373] 3,033,840 (2020)[374]
Tainan  Taiwan 37.038 (2016)[375] 1,875,076 (2020)[376]
Taipei–Keelung metropolitan area  Taiwan 407.838 (2021)[44] 9,150,000 (2021)[20]
Taiyuan  China 60.215 (2020)[25][377] 4,125,000 (2020)[12]
Taizhou, Jiangsu  China 77.015 (2020)[25][181] 2,300,000 (2020)[12]
Taizhou, Zhejiang  China 76.300 (2020)[25][324] 6,622,888 (2020)[325]
Tallahassee, FL MSA  United States 24.529748 (2023)[13] 392,645 (2023)[14]
Tallinn metropolitan area European Union Estonia 22.797 (2022)[378][38] 638,076 (2023)[379]
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater, FL (Metropolitan Statistical Area)  United States 243.268344 (2023)[13] 3,342,963 (2023)[14]
Tampere European Union Finland 23.987 (2020)[2] 241,009 (2020)[380]
Tangshan  China 132 (2022)[86][87][88] 2,600,000 (2022)[24]
Taoyuan  Taiwan 52.010 (2016)[381] 2,254,363 (2020)[180]
Taranto metropolitan area European Union Italy 11.518 (2020)[2] 555,999 (2023)[382]
Tbilisi  Georgia 8.0 (2017)[383] 1,184,818 (2020)[384]
Tel Aviv metropolitan area  Israel 310.00 (2022)[385][386] 4,156,900 (2022)[387]
Terre Haute, IN MSA  United States 10.300542 (2023)[13] 168,787 (2023)[14]
Texarkana, TX-AR MSA  United States 7.215096 (2023)[13] 145,907 (2023)[14]
The Hague European Union Netherlands 60.105 (2020)[2] 1,116,798 (2020)[58]
The Villages, FL MSA  United States 7.137460 (2023)[13] 144,970 (2022)[14]
Thessaloniki European Union Greece 16.452 (2020)[2] 1,104,023 (2020)[388]
Thunder Bay  Canada 5.805 (2021)[7] 125,070 (2021)[8]
Tilburg European Union Netherlands 21.869 (2020)[2] 221,947 (2021)[389]
Timișoara metropolitan area European Union Romania 11.526 (2020)[2] 430,071 (2021)[390]
Tokelau  Tokelau 0.009 (2015–16)[391] 1,499 (2016)[392]
Toledo, OH MSA  United States 49.254628 (2023)[13] 600,141 (2023)[14]
Toowoomba  Australia 7.118 (2018–19)[17] 136,861 (2018)[333]
Topeka, KS MSA  United States 15.156457 (2023)[13] 232,322 (2023)[14]
Toulouse Métropole European Union France 65.456 (2020)[2] 1,040,000 (2020)[12]
Tours Métropole Val de Loire European Union France 23.795 (2021)[2] 392,030 (2021)[393]
Townsville  Australia 9.075 (2018–19)[17] 180,820 (2018)[394]
Trenton-Princeton, NJ MSA  United States 53.002639 (2023)[13] 381,671 (2023)[14]
Trois-Rivières  Canada 6.119 (2021)[7] 165,037 (2021)[8]
Tucson, AZ MSA  United States 62.169929 (2023)[13] 1,063,162 (2023)[14]
Tulsa, OK MSA  United States 67.510846 (2023)[13] 1,044,757 (2023)[14]
Turin metropolitan area European Union Italy 78.268 (2020)[2] 1,640,000 (2020)[12]
Turku metropolitan area European Union Finland 21.939 (2020)[2] 346,662 (2020)
Tuscaloosa, AL MSA  United States 14.767427 (2023)[13] 278,290 (2023)[14]
Twin Falls, Idaho  United States 5.878 (2021)[13] 116,645 (2021)[395]
Tyler, TX MSA  United States 15.683898 (2023)[13] 245,209 (2023)[14]
Tyneside[note 1]  United Kingdom 32.182 (2022)[47][48] 864,453 (2022)[47]
Uberlandia Mercosur Brazil 14.728 (2011)[29] 604,013 (2010)[396]
Ulm European Union Germany 26.464 (2020)[2] 126,949 (2021)[397]
Uppsala European Union Sweden 19.237 (2020)[2] 388,394 (2020)[398]
Urban Honolulu, HI MSA  United States 81.675550 (2023)[13] 989,408 (2023)[14]
Ürümqi  China 48.385 (2020)[25][84] 4,050,000 (2020)[12]
Utica-Rome, NY MSA  United States 16.282294 (2023)[13] 287,039 (2023)[14]
Utrecht European Union Netherlands 88.005 (2020)[2] 1,356,430 (2020)[399]
Valdosta, GA MSA  United States 7.679252 (2023)[13] 151,118 (2023)[14]
Valencia metropolitan area European Union Spain 64.435 (2020)[2] 2,000,000 (2020)[12]
Valladolid European Union Spain 15.309 (2020)[2] 371,861 (2020)[400]
Vallejo, CA MSA  United States 37.156243 (2023)[13] 449,218 (2023)[14]
Valletta European Union Malta 17.72 (2021)[2] 480,134 (2020)[401]
Verona metropolitan area European Union Italy 34.169 (2020)[2] 915,975 (2020)[402]
Victoria, British Columbia  Canada 19.428 (2021)[7] 413,859 (2021)[8]
Victoria, TX MSA  United States 6.323208 (2023)[13] 98,808 (2023)[14]
Vienna European Union Austria 165.968 (2022)[2] 2,250,000 (2022)[24]
Vigo metropolitan area European Union Spain 22.987 (2020)[2] 321,748 (2020)[403]
Vilnius urban area European Union Lithuania 30.915 (2022)[404][38] 868,341 (2022)[405]
Vineland-Bridgeton, NJ MSA  United States 8.208721 (2023)[13] 151,356 (2022)[14]
Virginia Beach-Norfolk-Newport News, VA-NC (Metropolitan Statistical Area)  United States 127.459149 (2023)[13] 1,806,840 (2022)[14]
Visalia, CA MSA  United States 24.256732 (2022)[13] 479,468 (2023)[14]
Vishakhapatnam  India 43.5 (2017)[371] 2,200,000 (2020)[12]
Vitória Mercosur Brazil 28.357 (2011)[29] 1,582,418 (2010)[406]
Vitoria-Gasteiz European Union Spain 13.403 (2020)[2] 253,996 (2020)[407]
Waco, TX MSA  United States 18.135219 (2023)[13] 304,865 (2023)[14]
Wagga Wagga  Australia 4.392 (2018–19)[17] 56,442 (2018)[143]
Walla Walla, WA MSA  United States 4.362362 (2023)[13] 61,568 (2023)[14]
Warner Robins, GA MSA  United States 10.549159 (2023)[13] 200,779 (2023)[14]
Warsaw metropolitan area European Union Poland 135.343 (2022)[67] 3,269,510 (2023)[408]
Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, DC-VA-MD-WV (Metropolitan Statistical Area)  United States 714.685087 (2023)[13] 6,304,975 (2023)[14]
Waterloo-Cedar Falls, IA MSA  United States 12.521946 (2023)[13] 168,162 (2023)[14]
Watertown-Fort Drum, NY MSA  United States 8.037177 (2023)[13] 114,787 (2023)[14]
Wausau-Weston, WI MSA  United States 12.711703 (2023)[13] 166,334 (2022)[14]
Weihai  China 43.753 (2020)[25][115] 1,200,000 (2020)[12]
Weirton-Steubenville, WV-OH MSA  United States 7.568043 (2023)[13] 113,544 (2023)[14]
Wellington  New Zealand 26.607 (2022)[409] 440,900 (2022)[72]
Wenatchee, WA MSA  United States 9.343442 (2023)[13] 124,118 (2022)[14]
Wenzhou  China 119.2 (2022)[410] 5,050,000 (2022)[24]
Wetzlar European Union Germany 9.957 (2020)[2] 278,200 (2021)[411]
Wheeling, WV-OH MSA  United States 12.658006 (2023)[13] 135,517 (2023)[14]
Wichita Falls, TX MSA  United States 8.256094 (2023)[13] 149,947 (2023)[14]
Wichita, KS MSA  United States 46.468045 (2023)[13] 652,939 (2023)[14]
Williamsport, PA MSA  United States 7.486729 (2023)[13] 112,724 (2023)[14]
Wilmington, NC MSA  United States 21.996036 (2023)[13] 467,337 (2023)[14]
Winchester, VA-WV MSA  United States 9.988848 (2023)[13] 147,260 (2023)[14]
Windsor, Ontario  Canada 14.421 (2021)[7] 351,213 (2021)[8]
Winnipeg Metropolitan Region  Canada 38.71 (2021)[7] 858,848 (2021)[8]
Winston-Salem, NC MSA  United States 44.750605 (2023)[13] 695,630 (2023)[14]
Wollongong  Australia 5.624 (2018–19)[17] 300,332 (2018–19)[412]
Worcester, MA-CT MSA  United States 64.135380 (2023)[13] 980,137 (2022)[14]
Wrocław metropolitan area European Union Poland 17.387 (2020)[2] 672,929 (2021)[413]
Wuhai  China 8.165 (2020)[25][26] 556,621 (2020)[27]
Wuhan  China 281.000 (2022)[93] 10,800,000 (2022)[24]
Wuhu  China 54.412 (2020)[25] 1,480,000 (2020)[12]
Xi'an  China 171 (2022)[86][87][88] 11,600,000 (2022)[24]
Xiamen  China 92.557 (2020)[25][235] 10,000,000 (2020)[12]
Xiangtan  China 33.971 (2020)[25] 1,400,000 (2020)[12]
Xiangyang  China 66.720 (2020)[25][121] 1,880,000 (2020)[12]
Xilingol League  China 12.176 (2020)[25][26] 1,107,075 (2020)[27]
Xinyu  China 14.517 (2020)[25][197] 1,202,499 (2020)[198]
Xuchang  China 50.008 (2020)[25] 4,379,998 (2020)[414]
Xuzhou  China 126 (2022)[86][87][88] 3,050,000 (2022)[24]
Yakima, WA MSA  United States 13.357488 (2023)[13] 256,643 (2023)[14]
Yan'an  China 23.219 (2020)[25] 2,282,581 (2020)[415]
Yancheng  China 86.314 (2020)[25][181] 1,420,000 (2020)[12]
Yangzhou  China 87.690 (2020)[25][181] 1,950,000 (2020)[12]
Yantai  China 142 (2022)[86][87][88] 2,450,000 (2022)[24]
Yerevan  Armenia 5.23 (2018)[416] 1,500,000 (2020)[12]
Yichang  China 61.783 (2020)[25][121] 1,380,000 (2020)[12]
Yingtan  China 14.290 (2020)[25][197] 1,154,223 (2020)[198]
York  United Kingdom 10.291 (2022)[47][48] 204,541 (2022)[47]
York-Hanover, PA MSA  United States 27.867147 (2023)[13] 464,640 (2023)[14]
Youngstown-Warren-Boardman, OH-PA MSA  United States 26.178157 (2023)[13] 535,499 (2022)[14]
Yuba City, CA MSA  United States 9.225272 (2023)[13] 183,670 (2023)[14]
Yueyang  China 58.015 (2020)[25] 1,150,000 (2020)[12]
Yulin, Shaanxi  China 59.293 (2020)[25] 3,624,750 (2020)[417]
Yuma, AZ MSA  United States 9.883 (2022)[13] 213,221 (2023)[14]
Yuxi  China 29.840 (2020)[25][216] 2,249,502 (2020)[418]
Zagreb metropolitan area European Union Croatia 29.63 (2021)[2] 1,189,279 (2021)[419]
Zaragoza metropolitan area European Union Spain 29.702 (2020)[2] 681,877 (2020)[420]
Zhangzhou  China 65.903 (2020)[25][235] 5,054,328 (2020)[236]
Zhengzhou  China 192 (2022)[86][87][88] 8,950,000 (2022)[24]
Zhenjiang  China 61.182 (2020)[25][181] 1,150,000 (2020)[12]
Zhuzhou  China 45.029 (2020)[25] 1,330,000 (2020)[12]
Zibo  China 53.260 (2020)[25][115] 3,525,000 (2020)[12]
Zürich Metropolitan Area  Switzerland 158.913 (2020)[134] 1,430,000 (2020)[12]
Zwolle European Union Netherlands 17.936 (2020)[2] 129,840 (2021)[421]

Cities (metropolitan areas) by percentage of national GDP

[edit]

This table contains only the first metropolitan area from a given country by GDP. Data for metropolitan areas is as in the previous section of this article. Data for countries is from List of countries by GDP (nominal) (IMF). Luxembourg City-Trier is partially in France but only Luxembourg's national GDP is considered.

Metropolitan area GDP
(billion USD) 		Country National GDP
(billion USD) 		% of
national GDP
City of San Marino 1.54 San Marino 1.70 90.872
Luxembourg City-Trier 69.45 Luxembourg 86.90 79.925
Montevideo 49.70 Uruguay 64.28 77.314
Seoul 926.79 South Korea 1804.68 51.355
Riga 20.00 Latvia 40.27 49.670
Taipei 407.84 Taiwan 841.21 48.482
Bangkok 252.13 Thailand 522.01 48.299
Lima 176.45 Peru 372.69 47.344
Manila 192.60 Philippines 411.98 46.750
Lisbon 110.00 Portugal 251.92 43.666
Athens 93.70 Greece 222.77 42.061
Tokyo 2055.70 Japan 4912.15 41.849
Dhaka 253.30 Bangladesh 396.54 40.349
Tallinn 15.00 Estonia 37.20 40.320
Tbilisi 8.00 Georgia 20.89 38.298
Yerevan 5.23 Armenia 14.05 37.232
Minsk 22.00 Belarus 59.39 37.041
Abidjan 27.00 Ivory Coast 73.05 36.963
Tel Aviv 188.42 Israel 520.70 36.186
Istanbul 247.31 Turkey 692.38 35.719
Copenhagen 134.40 Denmark 399.10 33.676
Auckland 79.66 New Zealand 257.21 30.971
Helsinki 90.80 Finland 297.62 30.509
Kabul 6.00 Afghanistan 20.14 29.797
Budapest 58.50 Hungary 197.81 29.573
London 978.40 United Kingdom 3376.00 28.981
Moscow 504.81 Russia 1829.05 27.599
Stockholm 170.00 Sweden 621.24 27.365
Paris 934.17 France 3448.58 27.088
Belgrade 17.40 Serbia 65.04 26.754
Sofia 22.40 Bulgaria 89.53 25.019
Abu Dhabi 119.00 United Arab Emirates 501.35 23.736
Jakarta 304.20 Indonesia 1289.30 23.594
Vienna 112.00 Austria 479.82 23.342
Dublin 118.72 Ireland 516.15 23.001
Sydney 398.04 Australia 1748.33 22.767
Karachi 75.00 Pakistan 340.64 22.304[422]
Bucharest 63.43 Romania 286.51 22.139
Amsterdam-Rotterdam 223.00 Netherlands 1013.60 22.001
Prague 64.00 Czech Republic 296.24 21.604
Toronto 411.866 Canada 2007.472 20.517
Madrid 280.94 Spain 1435.56 19.570
Mexico City 250.46 Mexico 1322.74 18.935
Almaty 36.00 Kazakhstan 193.61 18.594
Johannesburg 76.00 South Africa 426.17 17.833
Brussels 99.00 Belgium 609.89 16.233
Milan 329.53 Italy 2058.33 16.010
Ho Chi Minh City 61.70 Vietnam 408.95 15.088
Buenos Aires 84.70 Argentina 564.28 15.010
Rhine-Ruhr 636.45 Germany 4256.54 14.952
Lagos 74.67 Nigeria 510.59 14.624
Kaunas 10.00 Lithuania 69.78 14.330
Warsaw 100.00 Poland 699.56 14.295
São Paulo 261.64 Brazil 1833.27 14.272
Kuala Lumpur 59.83 Malaysia 439.37 13.617
Dar es Salaam 10.40 Tanzania 77.51 13.418
Oslo 71.68 Norway 541.94 13.227
Kyiv 25.70 Ukraine 198.32 12.959
Nairobi 14.80 Kenya 114.68 12.906
New York 2298.868394 United States 29167.779 7.882
Mumbai 277.98 India 3534.74 7.864
Shanghai 680.00 China 19911.59 3.415

Cities by wealth

[edit]
World's 15 richest cities in 2017[423]
City Wealth Country
New York City $3 trillion  United States
London $2.7 trillion  United Kingdom
Tokyo $2.5 trillion  Japan
San Francisco $2.3 trillion  United States
Beijing $2.2 trillion  China
Shanghai $2 trillion  China
Los Angeles $1.4 trillion  United States
Hong Kong $1.3 trillion  Hong Kong
Sydney $1 trillion  Australia
Singapore $1 trillion  Singapore
Chicago $0.98 trillion  United States
Mumbai $0.94 trillion  India
Toronto $0.94 trillion  Canada
Frankfurt $0.91 trillion  Germany
Paris $0.86 trillion  France

See also

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ Tyneside includes Newcastle upon Tyne and the metropolitan boroughs of Gateshead, North Tyneside and South Tyneside.

References

[edit]
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  8. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an "Population estimates, July 1, by census metropolitan area and census agglomeration, 2016 boundaries". Statistics Canada. 17 April 2019. Retrieved 19 January 2021.
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