Charles A. Stafford
Charles Arthur Stafford | |
|---|---|
| Born | 8 Dec 1908 Kemmerer Lincoln, Wyoming |
| Died | 3 March 1942 near Broome, Australia |
| Allegiance | United States of America |
| Service | United States Army |
| Rank | Captain |
| Battles / wars | |
| Awards | Silver Star Purple Heart |
Charles Arthur Stafford (8 December 1908 - March 3, 1942) was a Captain and physician in the Medical Corps of the United States Army during World War II. Stafford was posthumously awarded the Silver Star for his actions in the Battle of Java.
Early life
[edit]Stafford was born 8 December 1908 in Kemmerer, Lincoln, Wyoming, the son of Dr. Charles Duncan Stafford (1871–1938) and Mary Elizabeth (Mabel) Sellon (1886–1972). He was the oldest of three children, with two younger sisters: Mary Marguerite and Jacqueline Maurice (Penny). He attended Kemmerer High School and Kemper Military College before enrolling in Rush Medical College in Chicago, Illinois. On 14 August 1940, he married Kathryn Louise Froscher (1910–2000). They had one child, Mildred Ann who was born about 1941. Kathryn would eventually remarry after Stafford's death, to John Hall.[citation needed]
Military career
[edit]Stafford entered the Army in Wyoming, but was listed as being from Hinsdale, Illinois.[1][2]
Stafford was the flight surgeon of the 9th squadron of the 7th Bombardment Wing, stationed at Djokjakarta in early February 1942, when 22 sailors from U.S. Navy cruisers Houston and Marblehead wounded in the Battle of Makassar Strait arrived.[3][4] Stafford and local Dutch doctors worked late in the night to treat the sailors, most of whom had suffered severe burns.[4] When the Japanese invaded Java on February 28, 1942, Stafford was instrumental in getting the sailors evacuated on the freighter Abbekerk.[5]
In early March 1942 the Allied forces were evacuating civilians and wounded from Java through Broome, Western Australia, and on to Perth. Fearing a Japanese air attack, airplanes carrying evacuees were ordered to take off from Broome by 10:00 on March 3, 1942. At almost exactly that time, B-24 Liberator Arabian Nights (#40-2370) of the 19th Bombardment Group (Heavy), carrying Stafford and 33 wounded, took off from Broome for Perth.[6] As the plane climbed through 300 to 400 feet (91 to 122 m), a flight of six Japanese A6M Zero fighter planes attacked Broome.[7] Imperial Japanese Navy Warrant Officer Osamu Kudo was credited with shooting down Arabian Nights, which crashed 7 miles (11 km) offshore.[7] Despite his efforts to save the wounded men, Stafford and all but two enlisted men — one of whom died after the arduous swim back to land — were killed in the crash and sinking of the aircraft.[7][8][9]
Stafford's remains were unrecoverable, but he was later memorialized on the Tablets of the Missing at the Manila American Cemetery and Memorial in the Philippines.[3]
Honors and awards
[edit]For his "devotion to duty and coolness under fire" in caring for the wounded sailors from Houston and Marblehead, Stafford was posthumously awarded the Silver Star on July 18, 1942.[2][10] Stafford was also awarded the Purple Heart.[1]
Namesake
[edit]In 1944, the U.S. Army hospital ship Charles A. Stafford was named in his honor.[11]
Notes
[edit]- ^ a b American Battle Monuments Commission
- ^ a b "Award granted Hinsdale doctor killed in battle". Chicago Daily Tribune. July 18, 1942. p. 2.
- ^ a b Dorr, p. 250.
- ^ a b Taggart, pp. 93–98
- ^ Dorr, p. 98.
- ^ It is not clear from sources if Stafford — who was awarded a Purple Heart — was included in the 33 wounded being evacuated or was merely caring for those who were wounded.
- ^ a b c Dunn
- ^ Craven & Cate, p. 399
- ^ Livingstone, p. 19.
- ^ "16 win decorations for feats in Pacific". The New York Times. July 19, 1942. p. 19.
- ^ Charles, p. 332.
References
[edit]- American Battle Monuments Commission. "Charles A. Stafford". Archived from the original (no direct link; must enter name in search box) on January 3, 2009. Retrieved February 14, 2008.
- Charles, Roland W. (April 1947). Troopships of World War II. Washington, D.C.: Army Transportation Association. OCLC 1871625.
- Craven, Wesley Frank and James Lea Cate, eds. (1983) [1947]. "Loss of the Netherlands East Indies". Army Air Forces in World War II, Vol. I: Plans & Early Operations, January 1939 to August 1942. Washington, D.C.: Office of Air Force History. ISBN 978-0-912799-03-2. OCLC 9828710.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - Dorr, Robert F. (1996). 7th Bombardment Group/Wing, 1918-1995. Paducah, Kentucky: Turner Pub. Co. ISBN 978-1-56311-278-2. OCLC 37623875.
- Dunn, Peter (October 15, 2006). "Crash Of A Japanese Fighter Aircraft…". AUSTRALIA @ WAR. Retrieved February 14, 2008.
- Livingstone, Bob (1998). Under the Southern Cross: The B-24 Liberator in the South Pacific (Limited ed.). Paducah, Kentucky: Turner Pub. ISBN 978-1-56311-432-8. OCLC 44838653.
- Taggart, William C.; Christopher Cross (1943). My Fighting Congregation. New York: Doubleday, Doran & Co. OCLC 1422232.