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Bulgarians in Hungary

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Bulgarians (Hungarian: bolgárok) are one of the thirteen officially recognized ethnic minorities in Hungary (Bulgarian: Унгария, Ungaria; old name Маджарско, Madzharsko) since the Rights of National and Ethnic Minorities Act was enacted by the National Assembly of Hungary on 7 July 1993.[1] They number 2,316 and amount to 0.02% of the country's total population according to the 2001 census,[2] but are estimated between 2,000 and 7,000 according to different authors.[3]

History

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In the Early Middle Ages, much of modern Hungary was often under the rule of the First Bulgarian Empire. The popular Bulgarian ruler Krum may have been born in Pannonia,[4] and Bulgarian dukes like Salan, Glad, Ahtum, Sermon and Menumorut are mentioned as the lords of Syrmia, Banat, Bačka and parts of Transylvania proper in the 9th-11th centuries according to the Gesta Hungarorum.

The northern Hungarian town of Szentendre and the surrounding villages were inhabited by Bulgarians since the Middle Ages. In the 18th century, Szentendre had a Bulgarian neighbourhood of settlers from Chiprovtsi and a "Chiprovtsi church", indicating refugees from the time of the Chiprovtsi Uprising. A village near Visegrád was called Bolgár falu ("Bulgarian village") in the 16th century; Bulgarian refugees fleeing the Ottoman rule are first mentioned as inhabitants of this area on 30 December 1428. Gradually, however, these Bulgarians were assimilated into the Magyar population.[5]

A number of Roman Catholic Banat Bulgarians settled in what is today Hungary as a secondary migration,[6] establishing an early and small Banat Bulgarian community in Hungary. In Bulgarian interwar publications, their number is rounded and possibly overestimated at 10,000.[7]

However, the Bulgarian ethnic community is largely descended from gardeners and other professionals who migrated to Austria-Hungary in large groups in the 18th, 19th and 20th centuries,[6] prior to World War I.[3] In 1857, Bulgarians in Pest-Pilis-Solt-Kiskun (not counting Pest, Buda and Kecskemét) numbered 2,815, and their population had not changed significantly in 1870.[6]

The oldest Bulgarian organization in Hungary, the Association of Bulgarians in Hungary, was founded in 1914 on the initiative of Lazar Ivanov from Teteven. The Bulgarian Church Community was founded in 1916 and the first Bulgarian school in 1918.[8] Since then, the Bulgarian community has diversified to a great extent.[3]

The Bulgarian Orthodox church of Ss. Cyril and Methodius in Ferencváros, Budapest was constructed in 1932.[9] A Bulgarian newspaper, Balgarski vesti, and a Bulgarian magazine, Hemus, are published by the Bulgarian community, as well as various books. There exist a number of folk dance groups, a theatre, several orchestras, a Bulgarian school for the native language and a Bulgarian-Hungarian secondary school for languages named after Hristo Botev.

Number and share

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Censuses

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Number of Bulgarians according to the census over the years by counties:[10][11]

2001 2011
Hungary 2 316 6 272
Baranya 86 204
Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén 93 335
Budapest 1 207 2 271
Bács-Kiskun 49 231
Békés 46 103
Csongrád 73 171
Fejér 39 157
Győr-Moson-Sopron 25 256
Hajdú-Bihar 83 341
Heves 17 108
Jász-Nagykun-Szolnok 35 172
Komárom-Esztergom 58 162
Nógrád 21 55
Pest 322 1 052
Somogy 38 99
Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg 43 171
Tolna 22 73
Vas 11 96
Veszprém 25 138
Zala 23 77

People

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See also

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References

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  1. ^ "Self-government in Hungary: the Romani/Gypsy experience and prospects for the future". Project on ethnic relations. Archived from the original on 2006-09-27. Retrieved 2007-02-18.
  2. ^ "1.1 Factors influencing the ethnic affiliation of the population, 2001". Hungarian Central Statistical Office. Archived from the original on 2013-07-19. Retrieved 2007-02-17.
  3. ^ a b c Ватова, Пенка. "Няколко опорни исторически факта". Корените и короната (in Bulgarian). Словото. Retrieved 2007-02-17.
  4. ^ Fine, John V. A. Jr. (1991) [1983]. The Early Medieval Balkans: A Critical Survey from the Sixth to the Late Twelfth Century. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. p. 94. ISBN 0-472-08149-7.
  5. ^ Király, Péter (2002). Die Čiprovecer in Ungarn (in German). Budapest: ELTE Szláv Intézet.
  6. ^ a b c Ченгова-Менхарт, Пенка. "Първите" (in Bulgarian). Website of the Bulgarian community in Hungary. Retrieved 2007-02-17.
  7. ^ Нягулов, Благовест (1999). "Българите в Банат под властта на държавите-наследнички". Банатските българи (in Bulgarian). Sofia: Paradigma. p. 82. ISBN 954-9536-13-0.
  8. ^ "Дружеството на българите в Унгария" (in Bulgarian). Website of the Bulgarian community in Hungary. Retrieved 2007-02-17.
  9. ^ "Българска православна църква" (in Bulgarian). Website of the Bulgarian community in Hungary. Retrieved 2007-02-17.
  10. ^ "Ethnic composition: 2001 census". pop-stat.mashke.org. Retrieved 2016-04-15.
  11. ^ "Ethnic composition, all places: 2001 census (járás division)". pop-stat.mashke.org. Retrieved 2016-04-15.
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