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British influences on the world are manifold due in large part to the legacy of the British Empire.

History

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A prominent predecessor of British influences spreading through the world was the anglicisation (English influence) of the British Isles.[1]

Culture

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See also: Commonwealth of Nations § Culture

Language

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Britishisms (terms unique to British English) have entered American English over the centuries and continuing to this day, despite the modern global predominance of American English.[2] Globalisation and the increasing role of British journalists are cited as factors for this in the present day.[3]

This section is an excerpt from Englishisation.[edit]
An amalgamation of the flags that represent America and Britain, the two countries at the forefront of spreading English across the world.
Englishisation refers to the introduction of English-language influences into other languages. English, as a world language, has had a very significant impact on other languages, with many languages borrowing words or grammar from English or forming calques based on English words.[4] Englishisation is often paired with the introduction of Western culture into other cultures,[5] and has resulted in a significant degree of code-mixing of English with other languages as well as the appearance of new varieties of English.[6][7] Other languages have also synthesised new literary genres through their contact with English,[8] and various forms of "language play" have emerged through this interaction.[9] Englishisation has also occurred in subtle ways because of the massive amount of English content that is translated into other languages.[10]

Music

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Main article: British Invasion

In the mid-to-late 20th century, British artists such as the Beatles became highly influential, impacting the American music scene.[11]

Sports

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This section is an excerpt from Western sports § British sports.[edit]
The Industrial Revolution that began in Great Britain in the 18th century brought increased leisure time, leading to more opportunities for British citizens to participate in athletic activities and also follow spectator sports. These trends continued with the advent of mass media and global communication. The bat and ball sport of cricket was first played in England during the 16th century and was exported around the globe via the British Empire. A number of popular modern sports were devised or codified in the United Kingdom during the 19th century and obtained global prominence; these include ping pong, modern tennis, association football, netball and rugby.[12] Many sports which originated in Britain were spread throughout the British Empire during the early modern and Victorian eras, with the British sometimes using these sports to propagate British moral values among their colonial subjects, as well as to assert the superiority of British culture.[13][14][15] The practices involved in the 'sportization' of English pastimes into global sports were also instrumental in shaping the standardization of sports in other parts of the world.[16]

Indirect influence

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See also: Americanization § Sports, and History of sports in the United States
Baseball, the American pastime, originates from England, with its predecessors' first mention in print being in A Little Pretty Pocket-Book (1744)

British sporting models also influenced American practices significantly, which shaped the future sporting juggernaut and its global impact substantially.[17] For example, Mark Dyreson has argued that American attempts to improve the world through sport took inspiration from British imperial models.[18] The England-originated philosophy of Muscular Christianity also played a role in shaping American attitudes towards sport and its global role by the turn of the 20th century.[19]

Society

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Education

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See also: English-medium education and Macaulayism

Religion

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This section is an excerpt from Christianization § British North America, Australia, New Zealand, Asia and Africa.[edit]

Colonies in the Americas experienced a distinct type of colonialism called settler colonialism that replaces indigenous populations with a settler society. Settler colonial states include Canada, the United States, Australia, and South Africa.[20]

Great Britain's colonial expansion was for the most part driven by commercial ambitions and competition with France.[21] Investors saw converting the natives as a secondary concern.[22] Historian of British history and culture, Laura Stevens, writes that British missions were "more talk than walk".[23] From the beginning, the British talked (and wrote) a great deal about converting native populations, but actual efforts were few and feeble.[23] Historian Jacob Schacter says these missions were universally Protestant, were based on belief in the traditional duty to "teach all nations", the sense of "obligation to extend the benefits of Christianity to heathen lands" (just as Europe itself had been "civilized" centuries before), and a "fervent pity" for those who had never heard the gospel.[24] Schacter adds that "ambivalent benevolence" was at the heart of most British and American attitudes toward Native Americans.[25] The British did not create widespread conversion.[23]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ Davies, R.R. (2002-07-11), Davies, R. R. (ed.), "The Anglicization of the British Isles", The First English Empire: Power and Identities in the British Isles 1093-1343, Oxford University Press, p. 0, ISBN 978-0-19-925724-9, retrieved 2024-12-20
  2. ^ Yagoda, Ben (2024-09-26). "The other British invasion: how UK lingo conquered the US". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 2024-12-20.
  3. ^ "Britishisms and the Britishisation of American English". BBC News. 2012-09-26. Retrieved 2024-12-20.
  4. ^ Bolton, Kingsley; Kachru, Braj B. (2006). World Englishes: Critical Concepts in Linguistics. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 978-0-415-31509-8.
  5. ^ Shibata, Ayako (2009). "Englishization in Asia: Language and Cultural Issues". Asian Englishes. 12 (2): 84–87. doi:10.1080/13488678.2009.10801262. ISSN 1348-8678. S2CID 154078463.
  6. ^ Bolton, Kingsley; Kachru, Braj B. (2006). World Englishes: Critical Concepts in Linguistics. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 978-0-415-31509-8.
  7. ^ Chapelle, Carol A., ed. (2013-01-30). The Encyclopedia of Applied Linguistics (1 ed.). Wiley. doi:10.1002/9781405198431.wbeal0550.pub2. ISBN 978-1-4051-9473-0. S2CID 236410953.
  8. ^ Kachru, Yamuna; Nelson, Cecil L. (2006-04-01). World Englishes in Asian Contexts. Hong Kong University Press. ISBN 978-962-209-755-1.
  9. ^ Rivlina, Alexandra A. (2019-11-27), Nelson, Cecil L.; Proshina, Zoya G.; Davis, Daniel R. (eds.), "Bilingual Language Play and World Englishes", The Handbook of World Englishes (1 ed.), Wiley, pp. 407–429, doi:10.1002/9781119147282.ch23, ISBN 978-1-119-16421-0, S2CID 213855655, retrieved 2023-10-29
  10. ^ Kruger, Alet; Wallmach, Kim; Munday, Jeremy (2011-06-16). Corpus-Based Translation Studies: Research and Applications. Bloomsbury Publishing. ISBN 978-1-4411-8919-6.
  11. ^ "Popular Culture: from Baseball to Rock and Roll - John Bull and Uncle Sam: Four Centuries of British-American Relations | Exhibitions (Library of Congress)". www.loc.gov. 2010-07-22. Retrieved 2024-12-20.
  12. ^ Tranter, N.L. (May 1987). "Popular sports and the industrial revolution in Scotland: the evidence of the statistical accounts". The International Journal of the History of Sport. 4 (1): 21–38. doi:10.1080/09523368708713612.
  13. ^ Subba, Awashes (2022). "Popularizing Western Sports in Darjeeling Hills: The Context of Educational Institutions". Darjeeling. pp. 89–98. doi:10.4324/9781003362791-8. ISBN 978-1-00-336279-1.
  14. ^ McGlusky, Narelle (2005). The willow and the palm : an exploration of the role of cricket in Fiji (Thesis).[page needed]
  15. ^ Dunning, Eric; Malcolm, Dominic (2003). Sport: The development of sport. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 978-0-415-26294-1.
  16. ^ Maguire, Joseph (2007), "Sportization", The Blackwell Encyclopedia of Sociology, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, doi:10.1002/9781405165518.wbeoss242, ISBN 978-1-4051-6551-8, retrieved 2024-12-20
  17. ^ Pope, Steven W.; Nauright, John (2016-10-01). "American-British Sporting Rivalries and the Making of the Global Sports Industry". Comparative American Studies. doi:10.1080/14775700.2016.1242694#abstract. ISSN 1477-5700.
  18. ^ Pope, Steven W. (2015). "Rethinking Sport, Empire, and American Exceptionalism". Sport History Review. 46 (1): 71–99. doi:10.1123/shr.46.1.71. ISSN 1087-1659.
  19. ^ McKay, Brett and Kate (2016-09-13). "When Christianity Was Muscular". The Art of Manliness. Retrieved 2024-12-21.
  20. ^ Barker & Lowman n.d.
  21. ^ Britannica & British Empire 2023.
  22. ^ Robinson 1952, pp. 152–168.
  23. ^ a b c Schacter 2011, p. 2.
  24. ^ Schacter 2011, p. 5.
  25. ^ Schacter 2011, p. 3.
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