Augsburger
.jpg) Cock bird | |
| Conservation status | |
|---|---|
| Country of origin | Germany |
| Distribution | Swabia Black Forest |
| Use | dual-purpose |
| Traits | |
| Weight | |
| Egg colour | white |
| Comb type | rose |
| Classification | |
| EE | yes[3] |
| PCGB | not listed[4] |
| |
The Augsburger is an endangered German breed of domestic chicken. It originates from the area of the city of Augsburg, in the Swabian region of the state of Bavaria, in southern Germany.[2][5] It was bred in the nineteenth century, and derives mostly from the French La Flèche breed.[6] It is the only chicken breed of Bavarian origin.
History
[edit]The Augsburger was created by Julius Meyer, of the small town of Haunstetten, now part of the city of Augsburg, in the Swabian region of the state of Bavaria, in southern Germany. In 1870[7][8] or 1880,[6] he cross-bred birds of the French La Flèche breed, prized for the quality of its meat, with an Italian breed or type – now extinct – named Lamotta, which was a good layer of eggs. The aim was to create a dual-purpose chicken which would combine both qualities. The first written description of the Augsburger is that of Jean Bungartz in 1885.[6]
The Augsburger became popular, and spread to the area of Stuttgart and as far as the Black Forest.[6] A breeders' association was formed in 1923 at Mühlhausen, in the Ruhr, but did not last long. Under the National Socialist régime the Augsburger was not officially recognised, and could not be exhibited at poultry shows. In 1938 a new breeders' association, the Sonderverein der Züchter des Augsburger Huhnes, was formed.[9] From the 1960s the Augsburger began to suffer from competition from specialised high-productivity breeds, and its popularity waned.[7]
Today the Augsburger is a rare breed. It is listed in category I, "extremely endangered", on the Rote Liste of the Gesellschaft zur Erhaltung alter und gefährdeter Haustierrassen.[10] In 2005, 40 cocks and 164 hens were recorded;[11] in 2009 there were 35 breeders with 64 cocks and 289 hens.[12]
A bantam Augsburger was recognised in 1975.[9]
Characteristics
[edit]The Augsburger is well adapted to the climatic conditions of its area of origin, the Bavarian Plateau.[7] The usual plumage colouring is black, with greenish lights; after the Re-unification of Germany in 1990, a new colour variant, blue-laced, was added to the standard.[9] The Augsburger has an unusual cup-shaped or rose-comb, similar to that of the Siciliana breed of Sicily, and quite unlike the v-shaped comb of the La Flèche breed. The earlobes are white.[6]
Use
[edit]The Augsburger is a dual-purpose breed, with good meat qualities. Hens lay approximately 180 white eggs per year, which average 58 g in weight.[5]
References
[edit]- ^ Barbara Rischkowsky, D. Pilling (eds.) (2007). List of breeds documented in the Global Databank for Animal Genetic Resources, annex to The State of the World's Animal Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. ISBN 9789251057629. Accessed January 2017.
- ^ a b c Rassetafeln: Augsburger (in German). Bund Deutscher Rassegeflügelzüchter. Accessed January 2017.
- ^ Liste des races et variétés homologuée dans les pays EE (28.04.2013). Entente Européenne d’Aviculture et de Cuniculture. Archived 16 June 2013.
- ^ Breed Classification. Poultry Club of Great Britain. Archived 12 June 2018.
- ^ a b Breed data sheet: Augsburger/Germany. Domestic Animal Diversity Information System of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Accessed January 2017.
- ^ a b c d e Augsburger (in German). Gesellschaft zur Erhaltung alter und gefährdeter Haustierrassen. Accessed January 2017.
- ^ a b c Augsburger Huhn (in German). Slow Food Deutschland. Accessed January 2017.
- ^ Die Geschichte der Augsburger Hühner (in German). Sonderverein der Züchter des Augsburger Huhnes. Accessed January 2017.
- ^ a b c 75 Jahre Sonderverein der Augsburger Hühner (in German). Sonderverein der Züchter des Augsburger Huhnes. Accessed January 2017.
- ^ Gemeinsame Liste alter und einheimischer Geflügelrassen in Deutschland der GEH und des BDRG (in German). Gesellschaft zur Erhaltung alter und gefährdeter Haustierrassen. Archived 2 February 2017.
- ^ Horst Seehofer, et al. (2008). Tiergenetische Ressourcen in Deutschland (in German). Bundesministerium für Ernährung, Landwirtschaft und Verbraucherschutz. Accessed January 2017.
- ^ Rote Liste: Einheimische Nutztierrassen in Deutschland 2013 (in German). Bundesanstalt für Landwirtschaft und Ernährung. Archived 1 February 2014.