Jump to content

April 1981

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
<< April 1981 >>
Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa
1 2 3 4
5 6 7 8 9 10 11
12 13 14 15 16 17 18
19 20 21 22 23 24 25
26 27 28 29 30  
April 12, 1981: Space Shuttle era begins with U.S. launch of Columbia

The following events occurred in April 1981:

April 1, 1981 (Wednesday)

[edit]
  • The Soviet Union implemented daylight saving time for the first time since 1930, with all clocks being set forward an hour at midnight. Many nations in Western Europe had changed the time on Sunday.[1] (At the time, the United States did not spring forward until the last Sunday in April, April 26 in 1981.)
  • The Isuzu Motor Company formally began selling its cars in the United States, becoming the sixth Japanese manufacturer to sell in the U.S.[2][3]
  • A videotape was shown on CNN, reportedly made during a January 6, 1981 broadcast of The Dick Maurice Show, showing psychic Tamara Rand's appearance on the talk show seen on KTNV in Las Vegas, and her amazing prediction of a March 30, 1981 event. On the tape, shown again the next day on NBC's Today and ABC's Good Morning America, Rand was seen telling Maurice that "the last few days of March or early April" would be "a crisis time" for U.S. President Ronald Reagan; that when she had the vision she felt "a thud" in her chest but that she also perceived "gunshots all over the place". Rand added that "It has to do with somebody young and radical... The only thing I can attach to it is Humbley, and maybe Jack, or something like that."[4] Five days later, after the authenticity of the tape came into dispute, Rand and Maurice admitted that the prediction sequence had been taped the day after the March 30 attempted assassination of Reagan by John W. Hinckley, Jr.[5][6][7][8][9]
Jim Bailey's fatal stunt
  • In Puʻunene, Hawaii, Australian stuntman Jim Bailey attempted to become the undercarriage of a single-engine airplane by being taken aloft on its underside. On takeoff, however, his safety harness snapped, leaving him dangling under the front landing gear about 500 feet (150 m) above ground before he fell to his death.[10][11]
  • Born:

April 2, 1981 (Thursday)

[edit]

April 3, 1981 (Friday)

[edit]
  • After two days, an attempted coup d'état in Thailand was put down as thousands of troops took back control of Bangkok without a fight. Prem Tinsulanonda had taken King Bhumibol Adulyadej and the royal family with him to the city of Korat after General Sant Chipatima had seized control on Wednesday.[14]
  • Days before it was to be the showpiece of the California Energy Commission's conference on wind energy, the Alcoa 500 kW wind turbine at San Gorgonio Pass began turning. After only 2+1⁄2 hours, the turbine was out of control, a blade came loose and the structure collapsed. The embarrassment was great enough that Alcoa went no further in wind energy research.[15]
The Osborne 1

April 4, 1981 (Saturday)

[edit]

April 5, 1981 (Sunday)

[edit]

April 6, 1981 (Monday)

[edit]
  • A pair of gunmen attempted to rob a branch of the Augusta Savings and Loan at the Dundalk (Maryland) Shopping Center and accidentally locked themselves out. When they departed through the exit, they found themselves surrounded by most of the officers of the Precinct 12 station of the Baltimore County, Maryland, police, which was only 250 yards (230 m) away and had been changing shifts.[24][25]
  • Born: Robert Earnshaw, Wales national football team striker, 2002–present; in Mufulira, Zambia

April 7, 1981 (Tuesday)

[edit]
  • The "Soyuz '81" maneuvers by armies of the Warsaw Pact nations came to an end, allaying fears that they were a prelude to an invasion of Poland to suppress the Solidarity union. Earlier in the day, Pact commander General Kulikov had a closed meeting with Polish leaders Stanislaw Kania and Jaruselski for a commitment to get the union movement under control.[26]
  • National Guardsmen in El Salvador drove into the San Salvador neighborhood of Monte Carmelos, pulled out residents accused of rebellion against the government, and executed them. Reporters who arrived later found thirty bodies in the streets.[27]
  • The explosion of a grain elevator at Corpus Christi, Texas, killed nine people and injured 30.[28][29]
  • Born: Suzann Pettersen, Norwegian golfer, 2007 LPGA Champion, in Oslo
  • Died: Norman Taurog, 82, American film director who won an Academy Award in 1931 for the film Skippy

April 8, 1981 (Wednesday)

[edit]
General Bradley
  • Died: General of the Army Omar N. Bradley, 88, last "five-star general" in the United States

April 9, 1981 (Thursday)

[edit]
Valenzuela

April 10, 1981 (Friday)

[edit]

April 11, 1981 (Saturday)

[edit]
Police with riot shields in Brixton, London
  • Rioting began in Brixton, a mostly black London neighborhood, after police had stopped and questioned hundreds of residents as part of "Swamp 81", an anti-crime campaign that started five days earlier.[37] Resentment built, and at 4:45 pm, the arrest of a young black man on Atlantic Road triggered the worst race riot in England's history. A crowd broke the windows of the police van transporting the arrest subject, then set fire to an empty police car and began looting stores. By 5:30, the violence had spread to Railton Road and Mayall Road, and at 6:30, the first gasoline bombs were hurled at police cars. Order was restored by 10:00 pm.[38] A subsequent government investigation reported that 279 policemen and at least 45 civilians were injured, noting that "In the centre of Brixton, a few hundred young people- most, but not all of them black — attacked the police on the streets... demonstrating to the millions of their fellow citizens the fragile basis of the Queen's peace. The petrol bomb was now used for the first time on the streets of Britain (the idea, no doubt, copied from the disturbances in Northern Ireland). These young people, by their criminal behaviour — for such, whatever their grievances or frustrations, it was — brought about a temporary collapse of law and order in the centre of an inner suburb of London."[39]
  • Actress Valerie Bertinelli married rock musician Eddie Van Halen, and 77-year-old actor Cary Grant married 46-year-old actress Barbara Harris.
  • Died: Caroline Gordon, 85, American novelist

April 12, 1981 (Sunday)

[edit]
  • The world's first reusable spacecraft, the Space Shuttle Columbia, was launched from Kennedy Space Center for the first time at 7:00 a.m. EST, beginning the STS-1 mission.[40] As one historian noted later, "Never before in the history of the space program had NASA asked its astronauts to pilot a rocket or a spacecraft into space on its maiden voyage... NASA engineers counted 748 different ways in which the two astronauts on the maiden voyage of the space shuttle Columbia could die."[41] John Young, who had gone into space four times before, and Robert Crippen, who would fly three more shuttle missions, reached orbit and returned two days later. Delayed several times, the liftoff came 20 years to the day after Yuri Gagarin had become the first man to be sent into outer space, on the April 12, 1961, liftoff of Vostok 1.
Boxing legend Joe Louis

April 13, 1981 (Monday)

[edit]

April 14, 1981 (Tuesday)

[edit]
  • At Night At 10:21 am PST (1821 UTC), Columbia became the first crewed orbital spacecraft to land in California. Sixty minutes earlier at an altitude of 172 miles (277 km) over the Indian Ocean, astronauts Young and Crippen had taken the Space Shuttle orbiter out of orbit.[46] During the first mission, the thermostat, the cargo doors and the zero-G toilet all malfunctioned, and some of the heat-shielding tiles had fallen off (though not from the underside of the orbiter). Columbia would fly 27 more missions. On February 1, 2003, Columbia would be destroyed and its crew of 7 killed, after leading edge wing damage led to the orbiter burning up during its return to earth.[47]
  • Died: William Henry Vanderbilt III, 79, tycoon and former Governor of Massachusetts

April 15, 1981 (Wednesday)

[edit]
  • Fifteen coal miners were killed in an explosion at the Redstone Coal Company's Dutch Creek #1 mine.[48] An investigation by the Colorado Bureau of Mines concluded that the cause was a spark, possibly from a damaged cable, that ignited accumulated methane gas.[49]
  • FBI agents W. Mark Felt and Edward S. Miller were pardoned by President Reagan, five months after they had been convicted of conspiracy to violate the civil rights of friends and relatives of suspected members of the Weather Underground terrorist group. In his pardon statement, Reagan said, "America was generous to those who refused to serve their country in the Vietnam War. We can be no less generous to two men who acted on high principle to bring an end to the terrorist that was threatening our nation."[50][51]

April 16, 1981 (Thursday)

[edit]
  • Sigurd Debus, an imprisoned West German terrorist who had started a hunger strike a month before Bobby Sands did the same in Northern Ireland, died after ten weeks without food. Debus had been one of 25 members of the Red Army Faction to refuse to eat in protest of imprisonment conditions. Most of the other participants called off their strike after his death.[52]
  • Canada's Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau rejected a plan, endorsed by the Premiers of eight of the nation's ten provinces, that would have allowed individual provincial legislatures to reject constitutional changes, saying that it would turn Canada into a loose confederation.[53]
  • Died: Effa Manley, 84, Negro league baseball team owner and manager (Newark Eagles) and inductee into the Baseball Hall of Fame

April 17, 1981 (Friday)

[edit]
  • Air U.S. Flight 716, from Denver to Gillette, Wyoming, collided with a Cessna airplane carrying parachutists from the Skies West Skydiving Club of Fort Collins, Colorado. All 13 people on the airliner were killed, and two of the skydivers died. The rest of the group parachuted to safety.[54]

April 18, 1981 (Saturday)

[edit]
  • The Rochester Red Wings and the Pawtucket Red Sox began playing a minor league baseball game. After nine innings, the score was tied, and at the end of the 32nd inning, 4:09 the next morning, the game was halted with the score still tied at 2-2. The game would not be finished until June 23. Rochester and Pawtucket did play another game on the same Sunday, but, as one author noted, "they did not attempt to resolve their 32-inning tie then because officials of both clubs were worried that the eligible players were exhausted."[55][56]
  • Died: James H. Schmitz, 69, American science fiction author

April 19, 1981 (Sunday)

[edit]

April 20, 1981 (Monday)

[edit]
  • Bai Hua, an award-winning author in the People's Republic of China, became the first writer to have his career ended by a government campaign against "bourgeouis liberalism" and suspected violations of the Chinese Communist Party's new "Four Cardinal Principles", beginning with an attack on the front page of the military newspaper Liberation Army Daily. China's leader Deng Xiaoping had been outraged by a film based on Bai Hua's novel Kulian (Unrequited Love). Government campaigns against other authors soon followed.[61]
  • The Inderavelly Massacre took place in the town of that name in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh, when police fired into a crowd of Gondi tribesmen. The police reported that 13 armed protesters and one policeman were killed, while an investigating committee estimated the number at 60 or more.[62]
  • Three college students, on spring break from the University of New Brunswick, were killed after their group camped near the edge of a cliff at the Hay's Falls near Woodstock. Over a course of several minutes, the three fell 80 feet (24 m) to their deaths.[63]
  • In Omaha, the very last game of the Women's Professional Basketball League was played, as the Nebraska Wranglers defeated the Dallas Diamonds, 99–90, to win the WPBL championship in the fifth game of the best of five series.[64][65]

April 21, 1981 (Tuesday)

[edit]
  • Soldiers of the Army of Guatemala entered the village of Acul, near Santa Maria Nebaj in the Guatemalan highlands, and executed most of the adult men for suspected collaboration with leftist guerillas. "Within two weeks," an investigator for the government noted in 1997, "the village was empty, and the army burned every house and field of corn in Acul". The village would be rebuilt two years later.[66][67]
  • Died:
    • Dorothy Eady, 73, English born Egyptologist who claimed to be "Omm Sety", a reincarnated priestess from the 13th Century BC
    • Eddie Sauter, 66, American bandleader and jazz composer

April 22, 1981 (Wednesday)

[edit]
  • The first zero-coupon bonds were issued, as the J.C. Penney Company offered $200,000,000 worth of bonds that paid no periodic interest, dividends or other money until maturity. For $332.47 an investor would receive a "zero" that would pay $1,000 at its maturity date of May 1, 1989, for a 14.25% annual interest rate.[68]
  • Four gunmen, wearing Halloween masks, robbed the First National Bank of Arizona in Tucson. Taking $3.3 million, they accomplished the largest American bank robbery up to that time.[69]
  • In one of the first of many corporate mergers in the 1980s, food producers Nabisco, Inc. acquired Standard Brands, Inc., in a stock transaction valued at $1.9 billion, to create Nabisco Brands, Inc.[70]
  • Born: Ken Dorsey, American NFL and CFL quarterback, in Orinda, California

April 23, 1981 (Thursday)

[edit]

April 24, 1981 (Friday)

[edit]
  • U.S. President Ronald Reagan ended the grain embargo that been instituted by President Carter on January 7, 1980, and which had restricted the sale of American grain to the Soviet Union following the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan. In his announcement, Reagan said, "American farmers have been unfairly singled out to bear the burden of this ineffective policy."[80]
  • On the same day, President Reagan sent a handwritten letter to Soviet General Secretary (and, as Chairman of the Presidium, Soviet head of state) Leonid Brezhnev to open a dialogue between the United States and the Soviet Union. Biographer Lou Cannon would later describe the missive as "one of the few foreign policy documents composed by Reagan... without the assistance of speechwriters or formal position papers from his various departments".[81] Reagan, who composed the letter from his hospital bed while recovering from the attempt on his life, opened with a reference to a meeting during Brezhnev's 1973 visit to California, when Reagan had been Governor, asking "Is it possible that we have permitted ideology, political and economic philosophies, and governmental policies to keep us from considering the very real, everyday problems of peoples?"
  • In Hama, Syria, the Syrian Army randomly arrested more than 150 men and teenaged boys, then shot them. The massacre was in retaliation for the April 21 attack of an army patrol by guerillas of the Muslim Brotherhood, based in Hama.[82]

April 25, 1981 (Saturday)

[edit]
  • The Soviet Union launched Kosmos 1267 to carry the unmanned TKS spacecraft, a vehicle that could provide a space ferry to bring back returning cosmonauts, as well as providing an additional component to an orbiting space station. The TKS module would remain in orbit until it docked automatically with Salyut 6 on June 19, as the first successful expansion of an orbiting craft, an accomplishment described as "an important step toward the later development of Mir and the International Space Station".[83][84] Once docked, the engines of the Kosmos were used to make orbital changes for the Salyut station. On July 29, 1982, the engines would be used one final time to bring both modules out of orbit, where they burned up over the Pacific Ocean.[85]
  • Born:

April 26, 1981 (Sunday)

[edit]
  • The first successful fetal surgery was performed by Dr. Michael R. Harrison at the University of California at San Francisco hospital. The patient was born at the UCSF Hospital two weeks later, on May 10, 1981, and named Michael.[86]
  • In the first round of the French presidential election, none of the 10 candidates on the ballot received a majority of the votes. The top two finishers, incumbent President Valéry Giscard d'Estaing and Socialist challenger François Mitterrand, won 28.3% and 25.8% of the vote respectively, and qualified for the May 10 runoff election. Paris Mayor Jacques Chirac (17.9%) and Communist Party leader Georges Marchais (15.3%) were the next highest vote getters. The other candidates were Huguette Bouchardeau, Michel Crepeau, Michel Debre, Marie-France Garaud, Arlette Laguiller and Brice Lalonde.[87]
  • The first nationwide voting in Vietnam, since the 1976 forced unification of the North and South republics, was conducted for the National Assembly. Although all of the candidates had been chosen by the Communist Party's "Fatherland Front", there were 614 candidates for the 496 seats.[88]
  • Died: Jim Davis, 71, American TV actor who had been portraying Jock Ewing on Dallas

April 27, 1981 (Monday)

[edit]
  • Operation Red Dog, a plot to overthrow the government of the Commonwealth of Dominica, was foiled when FBI agents arrested ten mercenary soldiers near New Orleans as they were preparing to sail toward the Caribbean island nation with a cache of weapons.[89] Led by Michael Eugene Perdue, the group of white supremacists had planned to take control of the government of the mostly black nation, after freeing former Prime Minister Patrick John (also black) from a Dominican jail, and being appointed to high government positions.[90]
"Bigfoot"
  • "Bigfoot", the first "monster truck", was created by Bob Chandler, who had envisioned a vehicle with tires so large that it could crush anything in its path. On this date, Chandler gave the first test run of "Bigfoot" at a field near St. Louis, Missouri, and rolled it over abandoned cars. The first major event in the new sport of monster truck competition would take place on April 9, 1983, at the Pontiac Silverdome, before a crowd of 68,000.[91][92]
The Xerox Star; note the mouse to the right of the keyboard
  • The Xerox 8010 Star Information System, the first personal computer to include a mouse in the two-button format used today for a right-click and left-click function, went on sale for the first time.[93][94] In a press release, the Xerox Corporation described the 8010's capabilities and then noted that "All of these jobs require only four main function keys on the keyboard, plus the 'mouse,' which controls a 'pointer' that moves around the screen to choose from alternative functions."[95]
  • Former U.S. Vice President Spiro Agnew was ordered to pay $248,735 to the U.S. state of Maryland after losing a civil lawsuit against him. The damages from the lawsuit arose from kickbacks of $147,500 that he had accepted from contractors when he was the Governor of Maryland, and $101,235 in interest. Judge Bruce Williams wrote that "Mr. Agnew had no lawful right to this money under any theory." and $101,235 in interest.[96] Agnew paid the sum in 1983 after two unsuccessful appeals.[97] In 1989, Agnew asked the Internal Revenue Service for a deduction from his taxable income, and was denied.
  • John Eric Hastrick, a 20-year-old British visitor to the Grand Canyon in the U.S., from Radlett-Hertz in London, fell 330 feet (100 m) to his death from the Rim Trail in Grand Canyon National Park.[98][99] Mr. Hastrick had climbed over a rock wall and was backing up toward the edge of a cliff while looking for the right spot to photograph the Bright Angel Lodge.[100]

April 28, 1981 (Tuesday)

[edit]

April 29, 1981 (Wednesday)

[edit]

April 30, 1981 (Thursday)

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Soviets begin daylight saving time". Milwaukee Journal. April 1, 1981. p. 2.
  2. ^ "Dealer doors open to Isuzu". Spokane Daily Chronicle. March 3, 1981. p. 17.
  3. ^ "Advertising: Isuzu Opens Diesel Car Campaign". The New York Times. April 3, 1981.
  4. ^ "Psychic 'Saw' President's Narrow Escape", Associated Press report in Los Angeles Times, April 2, 1981, p. I-7
  5. ^ "TV host, psychic admit Reagan hoax", Chicago Tribune, April 6, 1981, p.1-1
  6. ^ Museum of Hoaxes
  7. ^ "Psychic 'shocked'". Spokane Daily Chronicle. April 2, 1981. p. 1.
  8. ^ "Doubt cast on authenticity of psychic's TV taping". Chronicle. April 3, 1981. p. 1.
  9. ^ "Columnist admits psychic hoax". Milwaukee Journal. April 7, 1981. p. 1.
  10. ^ "Stuntman dies in fall from plane". The Bulletin. April 2, 1981. Retrieved April 26, 2022 – via Google News.
  11. ^ Horror Stories (September 2, 2015). Stuntman Falls to His Death After Safety Belt Breaks - Jim 'Bullet' Bailey. Archived from the original on 2021-12-21. Retrieved April 18, 2020.
  12. ^ Deeb, Marius (2004). Syria's Terrorist War on Lebanon and the Peace Process. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 60.
  13. ^ Reynolds, Glenn H.; Merges, Robert P. (1998). Outer Space: Problems of Law and Policy. Westview Press. p. 180.
  14. ^ "Revolt in Thailand Ends as Rebels Flee". The New York Times. April 3, 1981. p. 11.
  15. ^ Righter, Robert W. (1996). Wind Energy in America: A History. University of Oklahoma Press. pp. 171–172.
  16. ^ Chan, Andrew (April 2005). "Sonoma: The Chase is Over for Notebooks". Hardware Mag. p. 84.
  17. ^ Hertzfeld, Andy; Capps, Steve (2005). Revolution in the Valley. O'Reilly Media, Inc. p. 39.
  18. ^ "Terrorist Arrested". Milwaukee Journal. April 5, 1981. p. 1.
  19. ^ "00:45:00". Archived from the original on 2013-10-29. Retrieved 2013-11-03.
  20. ^ Grand National results
  21. ^ Eurovision 1981 summary
  22. ^ "San Antonio's mayor Hispanic; Texas professor, 33, in landslide win- 62% of votes". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. April 6, 1981. p. 2.
  23. ^ Kitley, Philip (2000). Television, Nation, and Culture in Indonesia. Ohio University Press. p. 112.
  24. ^ "Police thwart holdup 'just around corner'". Baltimore Sun. April 7, 1981. p. C2.
  25. ^ Baltimore County Police, 1874-1999. Turner Publishing Company. 1999. p. 89.
  26. ^ Paczkowski, Andrzej; Byrne, Malcolm (2008). From Solidarity to Martial Law: The Polish Crisis of 1980-1981: A Documentary History. Central European University Press. p. 246.
  27. ^ "30 are massacred near San Salvador". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. April 8, 1981. p. 1.
  28. ^ "Explosions kill 3 workers at grain elevator". Milwaukee Journal. April 8, 1981. p. 2.
  29. ^ Eckhoff, Rolf K. (2003). Dust explosions in the process industries. Gulf Professional Publishing. pp. 171–72.
  30. ^ Duhamel, Luc (2010). The KGB Campaign Against Corruption in Moscow, 1982-1987. University of Pittsburgh Press. p. 76.
  31. ^ "Japanese ship collides with US sub and sinks". Milwaukee Journal. April 10, 1981. p. 1.
  32. ^ Miller, David (2006). Submarine Disasters. Globe Pequot.
  33. ^ Shilts, Randy (2000). And the Band Played On: Politics, People, and the AIDS Epidemic. Macmillan. p. 60.
  34. ^ "Dodger rookie blanks Astros". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. April 10, 1981. p. 7.
  35. ^ Stout, Glenn; Johnson, Richard A. The Dodgers: 120 Years of Dodgers Baseball.
  36. ^ O'Hearn, Denis (2006). Nothing But an Unfinished Song: Bobby Sands, the Irish Hunger Striker Who Ignited a Generation. Nation Books. p. 357.
  37. ^ Cashmore, Ernest (2004). "Scarman Report". Encyclopedia of Race and Ethnic studies. Taylor & Francis. p. 384.
  38. ^ "Brixton Riots 1981: How smouldering tension erupted to set Brixton aflame", www.GuardianCentury.co.uk
  39. ^ The Brixton Disorders, 10–12 April 1981., quoted in Modern Britain since 1979: a reader. I.B.Tauris. 2003. p. 278.
  40. ^ "Space shuttle soars into orbit". Bangor Daily News. Bangor, Maine. April 13, 1981. p. 1.
  41. ^ McCurdy, Howard E. (2007). The Space Station Decision: Incremental Politics and Technological Choice. JHU Press. pp. 37–38.
  42. ^ Nevils, René Pol; Hardy, Deborah George. Ignatius Rising: The Life of John Kennedy Toole.
  43. ^ Cooke, Janet (September 28, 1980). "Jimmy's World". The Washington Post. p. A1. Archived from the original on December 27, 2008. Retrieved June 30, 2021.
  44. ^ Matulich, Serge; Currie, David M. (2008). Handbook of Frauds, Scams, and Swindles: Failures of Ethics in Leadership. CRC Press. p. 8.
  45. ^ "Janet Cooke and Jimmy's World". Museum of Hoaxes. April 17, 2001.
  46. ^ "Space Shuttle Lands Safely After Star-Spangled Flight". Toledo Blade. Toledo, Ohio. April 14, 1981. p. 1.
  47. ^ Feldman, Heather (2005). Columbia: The First Space Shuttle. Rosen Classroom.
  48. ^ "15 bodies recovered from mine". Milwaukee Journal. April 17, 1981. p. 1.
  49. ^ "Electrical spark blamed for blast". Eugene Register-Guard. Eugene, Oregon. May 8, 1981. p. 3A.
  50. ^ "Reagan pardons ex-FBI officials". Milwaukee Journal. April 16, 1981. p. 2.
  51. ^ Kessler, Ronald (2003). The Bureau: The Secret History of the FBI. Macmillan. p. 217.
  52. ^ Facts on File Yearbook 1981. Facts on File, Inc. 1982. p. 281.
  53. ^ Facts on File Yearbook 1981. Facts on File, Inc. 1982. p. 278.
  54. ^ "15 Killed As 2 Planes Collide". Pittsburgh Press. April 18, 1981. p. 1.
  55. ^ "History Can Wait: Game Halted After 8 Hours, 32 Innings". Daytona Beach Morning Herald. April 20, 1981. p. 12.
  56. ^ Shannon, Mike (2004). More Tales from the Dugout: More of the Greatest True Baseball Stories of All Time. McGraw-Hill Professional. p. 114.
  57. ^ "Rightists' shells kill 16 in Lebanon port". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. April 20, 1981. p. 2.
  58. ^ "Attack on church in Philippines kills 11, hurts 155". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. April 20, 1981. p. 2.
  59. ^ Facts on File Yearbook 1981. Facts on File, Inc. 1982. p. 281.
  60. ^ "Incident Summary for GTDID: 198104200004".
  61. ^ Baum, Richard (1996). Burying Mao: Chinese Politics in the Age of Deng Xiaoping. Princeton University Press. p. 127.
  62. ^ Akshayakumar Ramanlal Desai (1986). Violation of Democratic Rights in India. Vol. 2. Popular Prakashan. p. 293.
  63. ^ "3 students camp too near to the brink of death". Milwaukee Journal. April 22, 1981. p. 1.[permanent dead link‍]
  64. ^ "Wranglers Win W.B.L. Title". The New York Times. April 21, 1981.
  65. ^ Postman, Andrew; Stone, Larry. The Ultimate Book of Sports Lists. p. 102.
  66. ^ Sanford, Victoria (2003). Buried Secrets: Truth and Human Rights in Guatemala. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 89.
  67. ^ "Acul: Guatemala in Pictures".
  68. ^ Wilson, Richard S.; Fabozzi, Frank J. (1996). Corporate Bonds: Structures & Analysis. John Wiley and Sons. p. 99.
  69. ^ Berliner, Barbara (1992). The book of answers: the New York Public Library Telephone Reference Service's most unusual and entertaining questions. Simon and Schuster. p. 39.
  70. ^ "Nabisco to merge with Standard Brands". Miami News. April 23, 1981. p. 14A.
  71. ^ Frattini, Eric; Cluster, Dick (2008). The Entity: Five Centuries of Secret Vatican Espionage. Macmillan. p. 329.
  72. ^ Notes of April 30, 1981 meeting of CPSU Politubro
  73. ^ Paczkowski, Andrzej; Byrne, Malcolm (2008). From Solidarity to Martial Law: The Polish Crisis of 1980-1981. Central European University Press. p. 295.
  74. ^ "Time takes its toll on Empire State cache". Milwaukee Journal. April 24, 1981. p. 1.
  75. ^ Pacelle, Mitchell (2002). Empire: A Tale of Obsession, Betrayal, and the Battle for an American Icon. John Wiley and Sons. pp. 124–125.
  76. ^ "Sean Henn Stats". Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved April 25, 2022.
  77. ^ "Marriage & Family". Prince Michael of Kent. 2016. Retrieved April 25, 2022.
  78. ^ "Chris Sharma". Mahalo.com Incorporated. Archived from the original on January 8, 2016. Retrieved April 25, 2022.
  79. ^ "1966-1981 Notes de capvesprol – "The 'Evening Sea Breeze' Notes"". Biography. Fundació Josep Pla. 2018.
  80. ^ "Reagan lifts grain embargo", Milwaukee Journal, April 24, 1981, p1
  81. ^ Lou Cannon, President Reagan: The Role of a Lifetime (PublicAffairs, 2000) p257-258
  82. ^ "April Massacre in Syria Revealed by Witness, AP article in The Press-Courier (Oxnard, CA), June 25, 1981, p17; Andrew Beattie and Timothy Pepper, The Rough Guide to Syria (Rough Guides, 2001)
  83. ^ "Salyut 6". AerospaceGuide.net. Vic Stathopoulos. July 19, 2008. Archived from the original on July 24, 2008. Retrieved April 25, 2022.[self-published source]
  84. ^ Harland, David M. (2005). The Story of Space Station Mir. Praxis Publishing. p. 103.
  85. ^ Zimmerman, Robert (2003). Leaving Earth: Space Stations, Rival Superpowers and the Quest for Interplanetary Travel. National Academies Press. p. 160.
  86. ^ Facts on File Yearbook 1981 (Facts on File, Inc., 1982) p605
  87. ^ Facts on File Yearbook 1981 (Facts on File, Inc., 1982) p279; "French vote Giscard into runoff", Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, April 27, 1981, p2
  88. ^ Van Canh Nguyen and Earle Cooper, Vietnam under Communism, 1975-1982 (Hoover Press, 1983) p77
  89. ^ "F.B.I. Arrests 10 for a Plot to Invade Dominica Island". The New York Times. April 29, 1981.
  90. ^ "Mercenary suspects played losing hand". Tuscaloosa News. May 17, 1981. p. 8A – via The Dallas Times Herald, Google News.
  91. ^ "Really Big Trucks". The New York Times. October 23, 1994.
  92. ^ Gigliotti, Jim (2009). Monster Trucks. Marshall Cavendish. pp. 7–9.
  93. ^ "Easy computer designed for the unskilled". Des Moines Tribune. April 28, 1981. p. 17.
  94. ^ Long, Tony (April 2007). "April 27, 1981: Say Hello to the First Personal Computer Mouse". Wired.
  95. ^ "Xerox system increases professionals' efficiency". Democrat and Chronicle. Rochester, New York. April 28, 1981. p. 8-D.
  96. ^ Saperstein, Saundra (1981-04-28). "Agnew Told to Pay State $248,735 for Funds He Accepted". Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved 2024-01-06.
  97. ^ Upi (1983-01-05). "AGNEW GIVES $268,482 CHECK TO MARYLAND IN GRAFT LAWSUIT". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2024-01-06.
  98. ^ "Briton dies in Grand Canyon fall". Evening Mail. Birmingham, England. April 29, 1981. p. 2.
  99. ^ "Body of British tourist recovered after plunge into Grand Canyon". The Arizona Republic. Phoenix, Arizona. April 29, 1981. p. 20.
  100. ^ Ghiglieri, Michael P.; Myers, Thomas M. (2016). Over the Edge: Death in Grand Canyon (Second ed.). Flagstaff, Arizona: Puma Press, LLC. ISBN 978-0-9847858-0-3.
  101. ^ Facts on File Yearbook 1981. Facts on File, Inc. 1982. p. 296.
  102. ^ "2 Syrian 'copters downed by Israel over Lebanon". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. April 29, 1981. p. 1.
  103. ^ Bar-On, Mordechai (1996). In pursuit of peace: a history of the Israeli peace movement. US Institute of Peace Press.
  104. ^ "Billie Jean King sued for support by woman". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. April 30, 1981. p. 2.
  105. ^ "King admits homosexual affair". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. May 2, 1981. p. 7.
  106. ^ "Lederer to quit as Congressman, avoids expulsion". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. April 30, 1981. p. 2.
  107. ^ Baseball Digest. October 2000. p. 9. {{cite magazine}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  108. ^ Facts on File Yearbook 1981. Facts on File, Inc. 1982. p. 304.
  109. ^ "How to Start an Airline: People Express Poised to Fly". The New York Times. April 26, 1981. p. III-8.
  110. ^ Slywotzky, Adrian J. (1996). Value Migration: How to Think Several Moves Ahead of the Competition. Harvard Business Press. p. 120.
  111. ^ "'Bud' Light coming". Syracuse Herald-Journal. April 20, 1981. p. 26.
  112. ^ Schnaars, Steven P. (2002). Managing Imitation Strategies. Simon and Schuster. p. 104.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=April_1981&oldid=1261356304"