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András Hadik

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The native form of this personal name is gróf futaki Hadik András. This article uses Western name order when mentioning individuals.
András Hadik
Andreas Hadik (by Georg Weikert, 1783)
Born(1710-10-16)16 October 1710
Csallóköz or Kőszeg, Kingdom of Hungary
Died12 March 1790(1790-03-12) (aged 79)
Futak, Kingdom of Hungary
(now Futog, Serbia)
NationalitySlovak and Hungarian
Occupation(s)Military officer, government official
Known forCapturing the Prussian capital Berlin in the Seven Years' War
RelativesKarl Joseph Hadik von Futak

Count András Hadik de Futak (Hungarian: gróf futaki Hadik András; German: Andreas Graf Hadik von Futak; Slovak: Andrej Hadík; 16 October 1710 – 12 March 1790) was a Hungarian nobleman[1] and Field Marshal[2] of the Imperial Army. He was Governor of Galicia and Lodomeria from January 1774 to June 1774, and is the father of Karl Joseph Hadik von Futak. He is famous for capturing the Prussian capital Berlin during the Seven Years' War.

Early life

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András Hadik, son of a lesser noble family, was born on October 16, 1710, in either Csallóköz or Kőszeg,[3] in the Kingdom of Hungary, as the second son and third child of Mihály Hadik von Futak (d. 1733) and his wife, Franziska Hardy (b. 1680). He had Hungarian,[4][5][6][7] Luxembourgian[6] and German[6] ancestors. According to another source, he was of Hungarian ethnic origin, but the name "Hadik" is a diminutive from the Slovak appellative had ("snake"), the family was thus of Slovak origin.[8] Contrary to this belief, Hadik himself had no knowledge of the Slovak language.[9] Alternative theories also suggest his Tartar or Cherkess ancestry.[10]

His father, Mihály Hadik (d. 1733) was a cavalryman. His mother, Franziska Hardy was of German descent.[6] András Hadik volunteered for the Ghilányi hussar regiment of the Imperial Army when he was 20, and at 22 he was given the rank of officer and became the standard bearer in the Dessewffy hussar regiment. Hadik fought in the War of the Polish Succession and the Russo-Turkish War. In 1738, Hadik was promoted to the rank of captain.[citation needed]

Military successes

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During the War of the Austrian Succession, Hadik gained fame for his actions against the Prussian Army near the city of Neisse using surprise attacks and tricks under the unwritten laws of the so-called "small war," relying on the excellent training of his light cavalry squadrons. During the war, he served under Prince Charles Alexander of Lorraine and was promoted to the rank of Lieutenant-Colonel. In 1744 he gained the rank of Commanding Colonel of his own hussar regiment, then near the end of the war in 1747 he attained the rank of General and was appointed commander of a cavalry brigade.[2]

Early in the Seven Years' War, Hadik executed the most famous hussar action in history: when Frederick the Great was marching south with his armies, the Hungarian general unexpectedly swung his 5,000 force of mostly hussars around the Prussians and captured their capital of Berlin. The city was spared for a negotiated ransom of 500,000 thalers, which he distributed among his troops. For this feat, Hadik was promoted to the rank of Field Marshal. He was also awarded the Grand Cross of the Military Order of Maria Theresa.[2]

Marriage and issue

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András was married to Countess Franziska von Lichnowsky-Woschütz (1725-1787), the only daughter of Count Franz Karl Leopold Bernhard von Lichnowsky-Woschütz (1690-1742) and his wife, Countess Maria Barbara Cajetana von Verdenberg (1697-1755). They had three sons and one daughter:

  • Countess Mária Jozefa Hadik von Futak (1750-1842); married in 1765 to Prince Jerzy Marcin Lubomirski (d. 1811); no issue
  • Count János Hadik von Futak (1755-1833); married in 1783 to Countess Franziska Josepha Theresia von Breunner (1763-1829); had issue
  • Count Károly József Hadik von Futak (1756-1800); married in 1781 to Countess Maria Theresia von Kolowrat-Krakowsky (1756-1844); had issue
  • Count András Hadik von Futak (1764-1840); married Baroness Maria Raszler von Gamerschwang (1783-1854); had issue [11]

Legacy

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Slovak National Academy of Defense of Marshal Andrej Hadík (2004–2008) was named after him.[12]

  • András Hadik. Hungary issued a postage stamp in his honor on 1 January 1943.[13]
  • The above stamp overprinted 1 Pengo on 10 filler was issued on 1 May 1945 I the Liberation of Hungary series.[14]
  • On 1 February 1946 in the overprinted series the 10 filler stamp was overprinted 40 filler.[15]
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  • Hadik castle in Futog
    Hadik castle in Futog
  • Hungarian Hadik-Hussars in Germany, 2007
    Hungarian Hadik-Hussars in Germany, 2007
  • András Hadik prize
    András Hadik prize
  • András Hadik
    András Hadik
  • András Hadik
    András Hadik
  • András Hadik's sculpture in Budapest
    András Hadik's sculpture in Budapest

References

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  1. ^ Michael Hochedlinger [1] Austria's wars of emergence: war, state and society in the Habsburg monarchy. 2003. accessed August 13. 2011. p. 318
  2. ^ a b c Darrell Berg (editor): The Correspondence of Christian Gottfried Krause: A Music Lover in the Age Sensibility, Ashgate Publishing Ltd, 2009 [2]
  3. ^ "Hadik család. (Futaki, gróf). | Nagy Iván: Magyarország családai | Kézikönyvtár".
  4. ^ Décsy, Gyula (2004). Eurasian studies yearbook. Vol. 76. Eurolingua. Andreas Hadik (1710–1790) was an Austrian fieldmarshall of Slovak ethnic origin"[3]
  5. ^ Hadik's ancestry is based on -rp- "Egy hires magyar katona eletutja... "The Carrier of a Famous Hungarian Soldier.' in Hadak Utjan, ..On the Milky Way of Hosts.." (Munchen, Vol. XVII, No. 139, November, 1965,) pp. 13–15.
  6. ^ a b c d Mária Terézia hadvezére (Maria Terezia's general), Válogatás Hadik András táborszernagy Hadtörténelmi Levéltárban őrzött irataiból(Winnowing from András Hadik Colonel-General's kept records in The Record Office of the Ministry of Defence, (Hungary))/ [Editor: Gyongyi Farkas], 2000. Cited sentences(translation): "His father was a cavalrymen with Slovak ancestry coming from Turiec (Slovakia). Franciska Hardy had Luxembourgian ancestry and German vernacular."[4]
  7. ^ Nagy, Iván; Friebeisz, István (1859). Magyarország családai: Czimerekkel és nemzékrendi táblákkal (in Hungarian). Vol. 11. Pest: Friebeisz I. pp. 6–14. OCLC 05769841. Alt URL/According to this source the Hadik family is an ancestral Hungarian family (page 6)/
  8. ^ Décsy, Gyula (2004). Eurasian studies yearbook. Vol. 76. Eurolingua. ISBN 9780931922770. The name Hadik is a diminutive from the Slovak appellative had 'snake'. The family was thus of Slovak origin — although he (Hadik) is often regarded as the incarnation of Magyar military genius.
  9. ^ http://real.mtak.hu/124002/1/HK--HADIK_ANDRAS_MUVELTSEGE.pdf "There are no books or letters in Slovak in Hadik's library or among his letters."
  10. ^ In remembrance of András Hadik Archived March 31, 2012, at the Wayback Machine, Military Intelligence Office of Republic of Hungary Archived July 22, 2010, at the Wayback Machine
  11. ^ "Hadik 1".
  12. ^ "History of the Armed Forces Academy of Milan Rastislav Štefánik". Armed Forces Academy of Milan Rastislav Štefánik. Archived from the original on 3 January 2017. Retrieved 2 December 2016.
  13. ^ colnect.com/en/stamps/stamp/179987-Count_András_Hadik_1710-1790_field_marshal-Characters_and_Relics_of_Hungarian_History-Hungary
  14. ^ colnect.com/en/stamps/stamp/206307-Count_András_Hadik_1710-1790_field_marshal-Liberation_of_Hungary-Hungary
  15. ^ colnect.com/en/stamps/stamp/179874-Count_András_Hadik_1710-1790_field_marshal-Overprinted-Hungary
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