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Amin Mahmoud (politician)

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His Excellency
Amin A. Mahmoud
أمين عبد الله محمود
Minister of Culture
In office
30 May 1993 – 20 August 1994
MonarchKing Hussein
Prime MinisterAbdelsalam al-Majali
Preceded byMahmoud Al-Samra
Succeeded byJumaa Hamaad
In office
7 April 2005 – 27 November 2005
MonarchAbdullah II
Prime MinisterAdnan Badran
Preceded byAsma Khader Hanna Salem
Succeeded byAdel Issa Tweissi
Senator in the XXIV Senate of Jordan
In office
2010–2011
MonarchAbdullah II
Minister of Higher Education and Scientific Research
In office
30 March 2013 – 2 March 2015
MonarchAbdullah II
Prime MinisterAbdullah Ensour
Preceded byWajih Owais
Succeeded byLabib Khadra
Senator in the XXVI Senate of Jordan
In office
3 March 2015 – 6 March 2016
MonarchAbdullah II
Personal details
Born
Amin Abdallah Mahmoud

1940 (age 83–84)
Bethlehem
NationalityJordanian
Political partyIndependent
Children4
Residence(s)Amman, Jordan
Alma materGeorgetown University
ProfessionProfessor of Modern History
Swearing-In Government

Amin Mahmoud (Arabic: أمين عبد الله محمود) (born 1940) is a Jordanian politician, educator and author. He has served three times as a member of the cabinet of Ministers of Jordan (also notably served as Deputy Prime minister and Minister of Higher Education and Scientific Research), once as a member of the XXIV Senate of Jordan, and is currently serving as a member of the XXVI senate council. He has also held the position of president of four Jordanian universities. His written works include a wide range of books, research papers and published articles in the fields of history, education and other public issues.

Early life and education

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Amin Mahmoud was born in Bethlehem, West Bank, in 1940.[1] His family was of modest means, but his father placed great value on education, making sure that young Amin attended Bethlehem High School despite a three kilometre walking commute each day.[2] At the age of 18 he finished high school and left the West Bank to study history at the Ain Shams University in Cairo, Egypt, graduating with a Bachelor of Arts degree in 1962.[1][3] On completion of his history degree, he taught briefly at Aroub, Jordan, then from 1963 to 1966 at the Rashidiya school in Jerusalem.[4]

After winning a scholarship grant under the Fulbright Program[4] Amin Mahmoud left the Middle East in 1966, to study in the United States at Georgetown University, Washington, D.C. where he was awarded a Master's degree in Modern history and International relations in 1968.[1][3] A further grant was awarded to continue studies at the same university, this time for a doctorate, which he gained in Modern history in 1972.[1][3][4]

During his time in the United States, the events of the Six-Day War in 1967 and the subsequent Palestinian Exodus had dramatically changed Amin Mahmoud's homeland, with the displacement of around 300,000 of his countrymen to Jordan,[5] and it was to Jordan, not the West Bank, that he would return in 1972.

Early career and teaching

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Dr Mahmoud further developed his initial career in education while studying in the United States in the late 1960s, taking the position of research and teaching assistant at the Department of History, Georgetown University, Washington, D.C., in 1969 and continuing in that role until 1972[3] when he returned to the Middle East after receiving his doctorate. He then began a lengthy tenure as a teacher of history and political science at the University of Jordan, in Amman, from 1972 until 1984.[3] During this time, he served as President of the Jordan University Club in 1977, with remit for the university's social and external events.[6] Upon receiving his professorship in 1986 at the University of Kuwait,[7] he remained there as Professor of History and Political Science until 1990.[3] Throughout his later career as an educator, he has also worked as a visiting professor at several universities across the Arab region.[8]

University presidencies and other notable appointments

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Dr Mahmoud has held several senior positions in academia, including the presidencies of four universities in Jordan. After more than a decade in teaching, he founded the Center for Hebrew Studies in 1984 in collaboration with Yarmouk University, Jordan – this was the country's first educational establishment to focus on Israeli affairs, and was uncommon at that time in the Arab region as a whole.[9] He also served as director of the center from 1984 to 1986 before returning to Kuwait University to become a professor.[10]

In 1990, he returned to a founding role in Jordan, establishing the Jordan University for Women where he spent the next three years as director until 1993.[3] The university eventually became part of Petra University in Amman, as the Faculty of Arts and Sciences.[1][11][12] He would return to Petra University ten years later, serving as president from 2003 to 2005.[3] During that ten-year period, in addition to beginning his political career, he also held two other university presidencies; firstly at Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan from 1994 to 1995,[3] and then at Al-Ahliyya Amman University between 1995 and 2002.[13]

Other notable appointments held by Dr Mahmoud include Secretary General of the Association of Arab Universities,[1][14] President of the Board of Trustees of the German Jordanian University from 2009 to 2013[15] and chairman of the board of directors for the Abdul Hameed Shoman Foundation.[16]

Political career

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Cabinet with his Majesty King of Jordan King Abdullah II

Dr Mahmoud began his senior political career in 1993 with his appointment as Minister of Culture, serving under Prime Minister Abdelsalam al-Majali until 1994.[17] After a period working in presidential roles at several universities, he returned to the Jordanian Cabinet in 2005, again as Minister of Culture, this time serving under Prime Minister Adnan Badran[18][19] and he took up his third and current ministerial appointment, as Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Higher Education and Scientific Research, under the current Prime Minister Abdullah Ensour.[1][20][21][22][23]

In addition to his ministerial posts, he has also served as a member of the Jordanian Senate,[24] elected by the King of Jordan and responsible for legislative functions and political oversight, and has previously served as acting Chair of the Foreign Affairs Committee.[8]

Elected as a member in the Royal Committee to Modernise the Political System by his majesty the king in June 2021. Committee chaired by His Excellency Samir Rifai.[25]

Consultancy and advisory work

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Dr Mahmoud has been employed as a consultant and adviser for many academic and governmental institutions, both in Jordan and overseas.[1] He has previously performed the role of academic adviser for several Middle East universities and colleges, including the Ajman University of Science and Technology in the United Arab Emirates from 2000 to 2002, Al-Zahra College for Women in Oman from 2002 to 2005, and at the Aqaba University of Technology in Jordan between 2008 and 2010.[3] In addition to these roles, between 2006 and 2007 he worked as an adviser for the Arab Academy for Banking and Financial Sciences[3] and also was the Head of the Education Working Group for the Talal Abu-Ghazaleh Organization,[26][27] – a global professional services provider headquartered in Amman.

Authoring and publishing

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Throughout his career, Dr Mahmoud has been an active author and publisher, with over 70 academic research papers and other articles to his credit in both Arabic and English, addressing a variety of public and educational matters.[28] Many of these published works have been presented at local and international forums and workshops.[1] He has also written and published several books, on topics such as the position and role of the Soviet Union in the creation of the State of Israel[29] and on the history of Jewish settlement projects from the time of the French Revolution until the end of the First World War.[30]

Minister of Higher Education role

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Amin Mahmoud meeting Turkish minister of Higher Education

Since taking up his current position as Deputy prime minister[23] and Minister of Higher Education and Scientific Research in Jordan,[22] Dr Mahmoud has been forging international relations with a number of countries (such as Oman,[31] Qatar[32] and Kuwait)[33][34] focusing on bilateral cooperation on educational projects. In particular, with Turkey, China, Armenia and Saudi Arabia, he has held discussions about the potential founding of joint-venture universities, similar in nature to that of the German Jordanian University in Amman, Jordan.[35][36][37][38] He has also shown support for pan-Arabian educational and scientific networks such as the Arab Innovation Network[28][39] – founded at the University of Cambridge as a not-for-profit organisation for the encouragement of Arab students in entrepreneurship and problem-solving.[40]

His Majesty attends a celebration marking the anniversary of the Great Arab Revolt and the Army day at the Martyrs' Monument 10/6/2014

In addition to fostering international relationships, Dr Mahmoud's remit extends to the interests of Jordanian overseas students: after political upheaval in Ukraine in early 2014, in order to address potential concerns for the welfare of Jordanian nationals studying in that country (who number in the thousands, and of whom approximately 250 reside in Crimea),[41] Dr Mahmoud visited Ukraine in March of that year. During that trip, he met with Ukrainian Higher Education officials, to seek assurances about the safety of the students and to further assess the situation.[42][43] As well as these humanitarian efforts, he has been actively promoting further opportunities for overseas studies, such as the creation of 50 medical scholarships in Egyptian universities for Jordanian students.[44] As well as these humanitarian efforts, he has been actively promoting further opportunities for overseas studies, such as the creation of 50 medical scholarships in Egyptian universities for Jordanian students.[44]

Minister for Higher Education and Scientific Research, Amin Mahmoud, was quoted saying, "The establishment of the university is in line with the ministry's efforts to bridge the gap between the educational system output in Jordan in its comprehensive concept with the knowledge economy requirements and align it with the job market." This came as an MOU was signed with China's University of Geosciences.[45]

Dr. Mahmoud chaired multiple cabinet meetings as acting prime minister as well as attending Jordan's 68th independence day and other national celebrations on 10 June 2014 deputizing for prime minister Abdullah Ensour during his visit to Switzerland.[46][47][48][49][50]

Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Higher Education quit his cabinet post on 2 March 2015 with the latest Royal decree approving a cabinet reshuffle.[51][52]

Ukrainian unrest

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Dr. Serhiy Pasko, the ambassador of Ukraine, met on 27 April 2014 with Dr. Mahmoud. They held talks about the latest developments in the south-eastern regions of Ukraine and about the security of Jordanian students who study there.[53]

In recent developments the Ukrainian Ambassador to Jordan Sergi Basco said his country has proposed to Jordan to transfer around 3,500 Jordanian students from unstable regions in his country to safer and more secure areas towards the country's west and to the capital Kiev.[54]

The Minister of Higher Education and Scientific Research, Dr. Amin Mahmoud "It's a result of the conditions experienced by Ukraine currently allows for Jordanian students studying at universities in eastern Ukraine transfer to universities recognized by the ministry and installed on the Ministry's website in the west of Ukraine, or to any of the states that formed the Union the former Soviet regardless of the time spent student at the University of graduation (and so for the academic year 2015/2014 only)."[55]

Current role and latest news

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A royal decree was issued 3 March 2015 appointing Mahmoud as a member of the XXVI Senate of Jordan.[56] Alongside his senate role Amin Mahmoud was appointed on 15 June 2015 as Senior adviser on Education to Abu-Ghazaleh. [57]

Bahrain education minister receives Jordanian Senate member Amin Mahmoud, currently on a visit to the kingdom [58]

Selected works

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  • مشاريع الاستيطان اليهودي في مرحلة التكوين publisher:dar-ein.com.[59][60]
  • الاتحاد السوفيتي وتاسيس دولة اسرائيل- Role of the Soviet Union in the creation of the State of Israel, ISBN 978-977-322-305-2 publisher:dar-ein.com.[61]
  • ﻣﺸﺎرﻳﻊ اﻻﺳﺘﻴﻄﺎن اﻟﻴﻬﻮدي ﻣﻨﺬ ﻗﻴﺎم اﻟﺜﻮرة اﻟﻔﺮﻧﺴﻴﺔ ﺣﺘﻰ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺔ اﳊﺮب اﻟﻌﺎﳌﻴﺔ اﻷوﻟﻰ (this book is part of the world of knowledge monthly cultural series of books published by the National Council for Culture, Arts and Literature in Kuwait).[62]
  • Paper and Study- Reforming Higher Education in the Arab Word, some fundamental Issues (in Arabic) with Prof. Amin Mahmoud, UNDP on human development report 2004, Beirut 20th till 23 February 2004.[63]
  • Paper and Study- The King Hussein's Fund for Excellence, prepared with Prof. Amin Mahmoud, submitted to the Governor of Central Bank of Jordan, Dr. Ziad Fariz, Amman, 1999.[64]
  • الجامعات الخاصة في البلدان العربية- Private universities and colleges. Research and discussions of intellectual seminar held by the Arab Thought Forum in collaboration with the university of the brothers and the Friedrich Ebert Foundation, Ifrane, Rabat[65]

Multimedia

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Dr. Mahmoud hosted the forty-seventh session of the General Conference of the Association of Arab Universities
Video Title Length Published date
Interview 60 minutes Jordan TV – 6 June 2014 45min:51sec 7 June 2014
Amin Mahmoud is the first Arab minister to visit Egypt after the victory of Field Marshal Sisi as Egypt's president 02min:42sec 5 June 2014
وزير البحث العلمى الأردنى: لا حياة للدول العربية بدون مصر 00min:47sec 5 June 2014
Roya interview 51min:56sec 25 Feb 2014
النسور يستقبل وزير التربية والتعليم والتعليم العالي البحريني 00:45sec 3 Apr 2014
Video Footage of Middle East University (Jordan) Graduation Ceremony 2012–2013 13min:16sec 16 Sep 2013
2013 Video – Interview and University Lecture 70min:32sec 9 Jan 2014
A representative of His Majesty King Abdullah II hosted the Minister of Higher Education 03min:33sec 26 Mar 2014
Ukrainian Visit Interview 24min:44sec 8 Mar 2014
JordanTV about Ukrainian trip 01min:42sec 8 Mar 2014
Live Local Radio Interview 06min:01sec 8 Mar 2014
University Violence 03min:43sec 5 May 2013
Jordan TV Full Interview with Minister about Violence in Universities 49min:17sec 8 May 2013
Deputy PM 00min:56sec 20 Nov 2013
Opening Ceremony 04min:11sec 31 Oct 2013
Full Radio Live Interview 42min:54sec 6 May 2013
Senate education committee meets Minister of Higher Education and Scientific Research 05min:49sec 29 Dec 2013
P.M meets with university presidents and boards of trustees and the Board of Higher Education 04min:12sec 23 Jun 2013
وزير التعليم العالي والبحث العلمي يفتتح ملعب خالد بن الوليد فى جامعة مؤتة

See also

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References

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  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i "رئاسة الوزراء". Jordan: Jordanian Prime Ministry. 2013. Retrieved 24 February 2018.
  2. ^ "أمين محمود.. أستاذ التاريخ لا ينحاز للجغرافيا". Jordan: Al-Islah News. 11 August 2012. Archived from the original on 30 January 2014. Retrieved 19 March 2014.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k "Aljazeera Amin Mahmoud resume". Jordan: Jazeera News. 30 March 2013. Archived from the original on 5 December 2014. Retrieved 9 March 2014.
  4. ^ a b c "أمين محمود: يحب أن يبقى تعمرياً!". Jordan: Ammon News. 10 September 2008. Retrieved 19 March 2014.
  5. ^ "Right of return: Palestinian dream". UK: BBC. 15 April 2004. Retrieved 20 March 2014. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  6. ^ "نادي الجامعة الأردنية". Jordan: University of Jordan. 15 April 2013. Retrieved 19 March 2014.
  7. ^ "Dr. Amin Mahmoud named to the Board of Trustees of Xavier University School of Medicine". Aruba: Xavier University. 15 March 2015. Archived from the original on 18 May 2015. Retrieved 13 May 2015.
  8. ^ a b "Dr Amin Mahmoud, Knowledge Page". Qatar: Al-Jazeera Network. 30 November 2012. Retrieved 19 March 2014.
  9. ^ "Nashua Telegraph". Nashua Telegraph. USA. 7 February 1986. Retrieved 8 March 2014.
  10. ^ "Jordan Senate-Amin Mahmoud". jordan: Jordanian Senate portal. 2012. Retrieved 16 January 2015.
  11. ^ "Petra University website, Faculty of Arts and Sciences Overview". Jordan: Petra University. 2009. Archived from the original on 27 March 2014. Retrieved 19 March 2014.
  12. ^ Higher Education in the Twenty-First Century. UK: Taylor and Francis Group. 2008. ISBN 9780203885772. Retrieved 8 March 2014.
  13. ^ "Al-Ahliyya University Office History". Jordan: Al-Ahliyya University website. 2014. Retrieved 19 March 2014.
  14. ^ "Talal Abu-Ghazaleh Organization Members Page". Jordan: TAG Graduate school of business. 2014. Archived from the original on 24 March 2014. Retrieved 24 March 2014.
  15. ^ "TAG-SB Celebrates its Fourth Master's Degree Graduates". Jordan: TAG Graduate school of Business Magazine. 1 October 2012. Archived from the original on 24 March 2014. Retrieved 19 March 2014.
  16. ^ "Second Annual Conference of Research Centers in the Arab World Dec 2013". Qatar: The Arab Center for Research and Policy Studies (ACRPS). 6 December 2013. Archived from the original on 24 March 2014. Retrieved 24 March 2014.
  17. ^ "وكالة الأنباء الأردنية – الحكومات الأردنية في عهد الملك الحسين بن طلال 7". Jordan: Jordan News Agency (Petra). 2013. Archived from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 19 February 2014.
  18. ^ "وكالة الأنباء الأردنية – الحكومات الأردنية في عهد الملك عبدالله الثاني 2". Jordan: Jordan News Agency (Petra). 2013. Archived from the original on 17 May 2018. Retrieved 19 February 2014.
  19. ^ "رئاسة الوزراء". Jordan: Jordanian Prime Ministry. 7 April 2005. Retrieved 19 February 2014.
  20. ^ "King Abdullah II Official Website | Press Room | News Room Royal decree approves new cabinet". Jordan: HM Kingabdullah of Jordan website. 30 March 2013. Retrieved 19 February 2014.
  21. ^ "Royal decree approves new cabinet". Jordan: Jordan News Agency (Petra). 30 March 2013. Archived from the original on 2 April 2018. Retrieved 19 February 2014.
  22. ^ a b "CIA.GOV Chiefs of state and Cabinet Members of Foreign Governments". USA: CIA. 23 August 2013. Archived from the original on 5 October 2013. Retrieved 2 April 2014.
  23. ^ a b "Minister of Higher Education receives Indonesian delegation". Jordan News Agency (PETRA). 15 July 2013. Archived from the original on 15 April 2014. Retrieved 15 April 2014.
  24. ^ "Amin Mahmoud senate about page". Jordan: Jordanian Senate website. 2010. Retrieved 8 June 2014.
  25. ^ "King entrusts Rifai with chairing Royal Committee to Modernise Political System". Jordan: Jordantimes.com. 2021. Retrieved 11 June 2021.
  26. ^ "Meeting of the Presidential Office for the Jordanian Economic Observatory Charter". Jordan: Talal Abu Ghazaleh. 24 February 2013. Retrieved 24 March 2014.
  27. ^ "Talal Abu-Ghazaleh University of Bahrain completed obtaining licenses". Bahrain: Bahrain News Agency. 14 August 2012. Retrieved 24 March 2014.
  28. ^ a b "H.E. Prof. Amin A. Mahmoud". UAE: Arab Innovation Network. 2014. Archived from the original on 3 February 2014. Retrieved 18 March 2014.
  29. ^ "مشاريع الاستيطان اليهودي في مرحلة التكوين". Egypt: Ein for Human and social studies. 2013. Retrieved 18 March 2014.
  30. ^ "Jewish settlement projects from the time of the French Revolution until the end of the First World War" (PDF). USA: مكتبة المصطفى الالكترونية. 6 February 2009. Retrieved 19 March 2014.
  31. ^ "الدكتور بامحسون يلتقي بمعالي وزير التعليم العالي د.أمين محمود في عمان". Yemen: Adan Alghad Independent Newspaper. 17 September 2013. Retrieved 18 March 2014.
  32. ^ "وزير التعليم العالي يلتقي سفير قطر لدى المملكة". Jordan: Jordanian Ministry of Higher Education website. 9 April 2013. Archived from the original on 18 March 2014. Retrieved 18 March 2014.
  33. ^ "وزير التعليم العالي الأردني يشيد بالمكتب الثقافي الكويتي". Kuwait: Kuwait News Agency (KUNA). 20 May 2013. Retrieved 18 March 2014.
  34. ^ "محمود يؤكد حرص الاردن على تقديم الأفضل في مجال التعليم العالي للأشقاء العرب". USA: Alarab Alyawm Newspaper. 2009. Archived from the original on 24 March 2014. Retrieved 24 March 2014.
  35. ^ "Armenia and Jordan sign educational agreement". Armenia: Public radio of Armenia. 25 June 2013. Retrieved 18 May 2014.
  36. ^ "Jordan, Turkey discuss closer educational cooperation". Jordan: Ammon News. 5 December 2013. Retrieved 18 March 2014.
  37. ^ "وزير التعليم العالي يلتقي سفير الصين لدى المملكة". Jordan: Jordan Ministry of Higher Education website. 11 April 2013. Archived from the original on 18 March 2014. Retrieved 18 March 2014.
  38. ^ "توجه لإنشاء جامعة سعودية – أردنية تقنية بالعقبة". Jordan: alrai Newspaper. 19 March 2014. Retrieved 24 March 2014.
  39. ^ "AINAC 2013". UAE: Arab Innovation Network. 2013. Archived from the original on 9 March 2014. Retrieved 18 March 2014.
  40. ^ "What's AIN". UAE: Arab Innovation Network. 2014. Archived from the original on 28 March 2014. Retrieved 18 March 2014.
  41. ^ "Higher education minister personally to check on Jordanian students in Ukraine". The Jordan Times. Jordan. 6 March 2014. Retrieved 18 March 2014.
  42. ^ "Minister of Higher Education to check on conditions of Jordanian students in Ukraine". Jordan: Jordan News Agency (Petra). 5 March 2014. Retrieved 18 March 2014.
  43. ^ "Working visit of Minister of Higher Education and Scientific Research of Jordan Amin Mahmoud to Ukraine". Ukraine: Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine. 8 March 2014. Retrieved 18 March 2014.
  44. ^ a b "امين محمود يحصل على 50 منحة لدراسة الطب في مصر". Jordan: Hawa Jordan News Agency. 2009. Retrieved 24 March 2014.
  45. ^ "MoU signed to establish Jordanian-Chinese university". Jordan: Jordan News Agency Petra. 17 January 2015. Retrieved 4 March 2015.
  46. ^ "Cabinet approves human resources guidebook for public sector". Jordan: Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine. 8 June 2014. Retrieved 29 June 2014.
  47. ^ "الملك يدشن مشروع بوليفارد العبدلي .. صور". Jordan: Watan online publication. 11 June 2014. Archived from the original on 3 August 2014. Retrieved 29 June 2014.
  48. ^ "Cabinet approves human resources guidebook for public sector". Jordan: Jordan Times daily English newspaper. 8 June 2014. Retrieved 29 June 2014.
  49. ^ "Jordan's 68th independence day anniversary". Jordan: Addustour daily newspaper. 11 June 2014. Archived from the original on 13 June 2014. Retrieved 29 June 2014.
  50. ^ "مجلس الوزراء يمدد إعفاء مزارعي وادي الأردن من الفوائد". Jordan: Alrai daily newspaper. 12 June 2014. Retrieved 29 June 2014.
  51. ^ "Royal Decree approves Cabinet reshuffle". Jordan: Jordan News Agency Petra. 2 March 2015. Archived from the original on 19 January 2020. Retrieved 4 March 2015.
  52. ^ "Mahmoud appointed to Senate, replaces Fakhoury e". Jordan: Jordan News Agency Petra. 3 March 2015. Archived from the original on 2 April 2015. Retrieved 4 March 2015.
  53. ^ "Ambassador of Ukraine Dr. Serhiy Pasko held talks with Minister of Higher Education and Scientific Research of Jordan". Ukraine: Ministry of foreign affairs of Ukraine. 27 April 2014. Retrieved 29 April 2014.
  54. ^ "Ukrainian ambassador proposes transfer of Jordanian students in his country to safer areas". Jordan: Jordan news agency. 25 June 2014. Retrieved 29 June 2014.
  55. ^ "Jordan to allow students to move from the universities of Eastern Ukraine". Jordan: الغد الأردني. 14 July 2014. Retrieved 15 July 2014.
  56. ^ Amin Mahmoud appointed as senator. Jordan: JordanTimes. 3 March 2015. Archived from the original on 5 April 2015. Retrieved 5 March 2015.
  57. ^ Amin Mahmoud Appointed Senior Advisor on Education to Abu-Ghazaleh. Jordan: Thomson Reuters Zawya. 15 June 2015. Retrieved 31 October 2015.
  58. ^ BAHRAINI education minister receives Jordanian Senate member. Bahrain: Bahrain news agency. 17 November 2015. Retrieved 17 November 2015.
  59. ^ محمود، أمين عبد الله (2011). مشاريع الاستيطان اليهودي في مرحلة التكوين، 1798-1920. عين للدراسات والبحوث الإنسانية والاجتماعية،.
  60. ^ "The Middle East virtual library-German book reference" (PDF). Germany: The Middle East virtual library (MENALIB). 30 March 2013. Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 11 March 2014.
  61. ^ "الإتحاد السوفييتى وتأسيس دولة إسرائيل". Egypt: Ein for human and social studies. 2013. Retrieved 27 April 2014.
  62. ^ "مكتبة المصطفى الالكترونية" (PDF). Egypt: مكتبة المصطفى الالكترونية. Retrieved 27 April 2014.
  63. ^ "Publications Five Books and 30 Research Papers" (PDF). Jordan: Philadelphia University. 6 December 2013. Retrieved 27 April 2014.
  64. ^ "Publications reference" (PDF). Jordan: Philadelphia University. April 2012. Retrieved 27 April 2014.
  65. ^ أومليل، علي (1996). الجامعات الخاصة في البلدان العربية: بحوث ومناقشات الندوة الفكرية التي عقدها منتدى الفكر العربي بالتعاون مع جامعة الأخوين ومؤسسة فريدريك ايبرت، ايفران، الرباط، ٠٣/١١-٢/٢١/٥٩٩١. المنتدى،.
[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Amin Mahmoud (politician).
Political offices
Preceded by Minister of Culture
1993–1994 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Minister of Culture
2005–2005 		Succeeded by
Preceded by
 Senator in the XXIV Senate of Jordan
2010–2011 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Deputy Prime Minister & Minister of Higher Education and Scientific Research
2013–2015 		Succeeded by
Labib Khadra
Preceded by
Imad Fakhoury
 Senator in the XXVI Senate of Jordan
2015–2016 		Succeeded by
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