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2005 Birmingham tornado

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2005 Birmingham tornado
The tornado seen over Birmingham
Meteorological history
DateJuly 28, 2005
Formed14:37 BST (UTC+01:00)
Duration20 minutes
EF2[1] tornado
on the Enhanced Fujita scale
T5[2][3] tornado
on the TORRO scale
Highest winds137–161 mph (220–259 km/h)
Overall effects
Fatalities0
Injuries39
Damage£40 million (2005)
Areas affectedBirmingham, United Kingdom

The 2005 Birmingham tornado remains the costliest tornado recorded in Great Britain on record, occurring on 28 July 2005 in the Southern and Eastern suburbs of Birmingham. It formed on a day when thunderstorms were expected to develop across the Midlands and eastern England. The tornado touched down at approximately 14:37 BST in the King’s Heath area and moved north-northeasterly, affecting King's Heath, Moseley, Sparkhill, Balsall Heath, Saltley and Erdington as it carved a roughly 7 mi (11 km) long path through the city. The tornado was officially rated T5 by the Tornado and Storm Research Organisation.[4] The tornado was rated EF2 and T4 by Timothy P. Marshall and Stuart Robinson with the Haag Engineering Co.[5]

Background

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While England has more reported tornadoes, relative to its land area, than any other country, the vast majority are weak. According to the Met Office, around 30 tornadoes hit the UK every year, though most are small and dissipate without causing significant damage.[6]

Several tornadoes have struck the city of Birmingham. A T6/F3 tornado struck the city in 1931, killing one woman and severely damaging hundreds of houses.[7] On 23 November 1981, during a record-breaking nationwide tornado outbreak, two tornadoes touched down within the Birmingham city limits – in Erdington and Selly Oak – with six tornadoes touching down within the boundaries of the wider West Midlands county.[8]

Effects and damage

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Damage caused by the tornado in Moseley

At around 2:37PM, the tornado began in Howard Road, Kings Heath. Crossing the High Street, several buildings sustained roof damage, including a roof torn off and thrown across the road. A woman was taken to hospital after being struck by flying debris.

Continuing northeastward into Wake Green, the tornado began causing more significant damage to trees and homes. Several streets including Blenheim Rd were completely blocked by fallen trees.

Reaching Balsall Heath, several shops had their windows blown out and lost portions of their roofs. Several rows of terraced homes along Birchwood Road and Alder Road in Balsall Heath had their roofs torn off, and top floor walls torn down. Cars were rolled several meters (yards) down driveways. Trees were flattened in Balsall Heath park.

Continuing northwards across Stratford Road, Ladypool Primary School was extensively damaged and lost its distinctive Martin & Chamberlain tower. The adjacent St Agatha's Church also suffered some damage. Christ Church (consecrated in 1867), on the corner of Dolobran Road and Grantham Road in Sparkbrook, was also damaged and has now been demolished.[9][10]

Farm Park, Sparkhill suffers severe damage. The tornado then reaches the A45 carriageway, falling briefly to T3 intensity, it approaches Coventry Road where it strikes a Wedding Hall with T4 intensity.

Following this, the tornado suddenly weakens to a force T1-2 as it continues northwards past St Andrew’s Stadium. A brick wall is blown down at Saltley Viaduct, and minor tree damage is noted along Heartlands Parkway at the intersection with Cuckoo Road.

The tornado crosses the M6 Motorway just east of the Gravelly Hill interchange. TV Aerial damage is found in The Oval, Erdington, as well as minor roof damage. The final instance of damage came from Erdington Abbey, where trees suffered minor branch damage. [11]

The Met Office and TORRO (The Tornado and Storm Research Organisation) estimated that the tornado had a general T4 rating on the TORRO scale, with a short spell with T5 damage,[12] which would indicate wind speeds between 137 and 161 mph (220 and 259 km/h),[13] equivalent to an F2 tornado on the Fujita scale.

There were no fatalities, although there were approximately 39 injuries, three of which were reported to be serious. The tornado uprooted an estimated 1,100 trees, caused serious damage to homes, businesses, schools and churches.[14] The tornado is the costliest on record in the UK, having caused £40 million of damage, equivalent to £75 million in 2023.[15]


Second tornado in October

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Three months later, thunderstorms brought a second tornado, which hit less than 1 mile (1.6 kilometres) away from the original twister. The Met Office said there were winds of up to 80 mph (130 km/h), equivalent to a T2 on the TORRO scale and an F1 on the Fujita Scale, and it was strong enough to rip the roof off a corner house on Dovey Road in Moseley. Following this came widespread flooding across the region which brought havoc to Birmingham.[16]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ "Birmingham U.K. Tornado: 28 July 2005". American Meteorological Association. Retrieved 20 December 2024.
  2. ^ Kirk, Peter (September 2006). "A Mammoth Task; The Site Investigation After The Birmingham Tornado 28 July 2005" (PDF). The International Journal of Meteorology. 31: 257. Retrieved 20 December 2024.
  3. ^ "Thursday 28 July 2005 (Birmingham Tornado)" (PDF). Met Office. Met Office. Retrieved 20 December 2024.
  4. ^ "Ten years ago this month on 28th July 2005 shortly after 1:30pm a tornado struck Birmingham causing extensive damage" (PDF). TORRO. Retrieved 20 December 2024.
  5. ^ Marshall, Timothy P.; Robinson, Stuart. "Birmingham U.K. Tornado: 28 July 2005" (PDF). American Meteorological Society. Haag Engineering Co. Retrieved 20 December 2024.
  6. ^ "Tornado". Met Office. Retrieved 17 July 2023.
  7. ^ "BIRMINGHAM STRUCK BY A TORNADO! - British Pathe". 1931. Archived from the original on 18 January 2013. Retrieved 11 November 2011.
  8. ^ "European Severe Weather Database".
  9. ^ Indymedia UK - After the tornado: "market forces" force demolition of Sparkbrook Church
  10. ^ Ecclesiastical Law Society Archived 2006-12-11 at the Wayback Machine
  11. ^ Kirk, Peter (September 2006). "A mammoth task: The site investigation after the 2005 Birmingham Tornado" (PDF). International Journal of Meteorology. 31 (311): 255–260.
  12. ^ "Ten years ago this month on 28th July 2005 shortly after 1:30pm a tornado struck Birmingham causing extensive damage" (PDF). Tornado and Storm Research Organization. Archived from the original (PDF) on 6 July 2016. Retrieved 3 January 2019.
  13. ^ "The International Tornado Intensity Scale". The Tornado & Storm Research Organisation Severe Weather Forecast. Archived from the original on 5 March 2016. Retrieved 3 January 2019.
  14. ^ "Wild Weather: Birmingham tornado". 14 September 2010. Retrieved 6 June 2022.
  15. ^ Kantamaneni, Komali; Phillips, Mike; Jenkins, Rhian; Oakley, Judith; Ibeabuchi, Obinna (2015). "Could the UK Economy Be Impacted by an Increase in Tornado Occurrence: A Consequence of Climate Change in the 21st Century". International Journal of Climate Change: Impacts and Responses. 15 (2): 22–39. doi:10.18848/1835-7156/CGP/v07i02/37230. ISSN 1835-7156.
  16. ^ "Second tornado strikes Birmingham". 13 October 2005. Retrieved 6 June 2022.
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ITN News report on the Birmingham tornado https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iPtdu6zLh8E

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