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1800 United States census

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1800 United States census
← 1790 August 4, 1800 (1800-08-04) 1810 →
Seal of the United States Marshals Service, which administered the census
General information
CountryUnited States
AuthorityOffice of the United States Marshal
Results
Total population5,308,483 (Increase 35.1%)
Most populous stateVirginia
886,149
Least populous stateDelaware
64,273

The 1800 United States census was the second census conducted in the United States. It was conducted on August 4, 1800. It showed that 5,308,483 people were living in the United States, of whom 893,602 were slaves. The 1800 census included the new District of Columbia. The census for the following states were lost: Georgia, Kentucky, New Jersey, Tennessee, and Virginia.

In comparison to the 1790 census, the 1800 census gathered additional information.[1] The census was published in December 1801 and cost $66,109.04.[1]

Census questions

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The 1800 census asks the following information in columns, left to right:[2]

Column Title
1 Name of the head
2 Number of free white males under age 10
3 Number of free white males of age 10 and under 16
4 Number of free white males of age 16 and under 26
5 Number of free white males of age 26 and under 45
6 Number of free white males of age 45 and over.
7 Number of free white females under age 10
8 Number of free white females of age 10 and under 16
9 Number of free white females of age 16 and under 26
10 Number of free white females of age 26 and under 45
11 Number of free white females of age 45 and over.
12 Number of all other free persons
13 Number of slaves

This census is one of the several for which some of the original data are no longer available. Original census returns for Georgia, Kentucky, Mississippi, New Jersey, Tennessee, and Virginia were lost over the years.[3]

Data availability

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No microdata from the 1800 population census are available, but aggregate data for small areas, together with compatible cartographic boundary files, can be downloaded from the National Historical Geographic Information System.

State and regional populations

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District Free white males under age 10, Free white males age 10–16 Free white males age 16–26 Free white males age 26–45 Free white males over age 45 Free white females under age 10 Free white females age 10–16 Free white females age 16–26 Free white females age 26–45 Free white females over age 45 All other free persons Slaves Total
New Hampshire 30,694 14,881 16,379 17,589 11,715 29,871 14,193 17,153 18,381 12,142 852 8 183,858
Massachusetts 63,646 32,507 37,905 39,729 31,348 60,920 30,674 40,491 43,833 35,340 6,452 0 422,845
Maine 27,970 12,305 12,900 15,318 8,339 26,899 11,338 13,295 14,496 8,041 818 0 151,719
Connecticut 37,946 19,408 21,683 23,180 18,976 35,736 18,218 23,561 25,186 20,827 5,330 951 251,002
Vermont 29,420 12,046 13,242 16,544 8,076 28,272 11,366 12,606 15,287 7,049 557 0 154,465
Rhode Island 9,945 5,352 5,889 5,785 4,887 9,524 5,026 6,463 6,919 5,648 3,304 380 69,122
New York (excluding Duchess, Ulster, Orange counties) 83,161 36,953 40,045 52,454 25,497 79,154 32,822 39,086 47,710 23,161 8,573 15,602 484,065
New York (Duchess, Ulster, Orange counties) 16,936 7,320 9,230 9,140 6,358 16,319 6,649 9,030 8,701 5,490 1,801 5,011 101,985
New Jersey 33,900 15,859 16,301 19,956 12,629 32,622 14,827 17,018 19,533 11,600 4,402 12,422 211,149
Pennsylvania (eastern district) 52,767 24,438 29,393 33,864 20,824 51,176 23,427 29,879 30,892 19,329 11,253 557 327,979
Pennsylvania (western district) 50,459 21,623 24,869 25,469 17,761 48,448 20,362 24,095 22,954 14,066 3,311 1,149 274,566
Delaware 8,250 4,437 5,121 5,012 2,213 7,628 4,277 5,543 4,981 2,390 8,268 6,153 64,273
Maryland (including Washington County in the District of Columbia[a], but excluding parts of Baltimore County) 33,520 16,581 20,560 22,169 12,617 32,463 15,718 21,506 20,363 11,240 18,646 102,465 317,348
Maryland (additional return for Baltimore County) 567 226 318 343 249 517 222 375 318 199 41 847 4,276
Virginia (eastern district) 57,837 25,998 32,444 34,588 19,087 54,597 25,469 34,807 32,641 18,821 13,194 322,199 676,682
Virginia (western district) 34,601 14,502 16,264 15,674 11,134 32,726 13,366 15,923 3,632 15,169 1,930 23,597 203,518
Virginia (Alexandria and part of Fairfax County in the District of Columbia[a]) 889 320 483 557 221 670 313 479 473 189 383 1,172 5,949
North Carolina 63,118 27,073 31,560 31,209 18,688 59,074 25,874 32,989 30,665 17,514 7,043 133,296 478,103
South Carolina 37,411 16,156 17,761 19,344 10,244 34,664 15,857 18,145 17,236 9,437 3,185 146,151 345,591
Georgia 19,841 8,469 9,787 10,914 4,957 18,407 7,914 9,243 8,835 3,894 1,919 59,699 162,686
Kentucky 37,274 14,045 15,705 17,699 9,238 34,949 13,433 15,524 14,934 7,075 741 40,343 220,959
Northwest Territory 9,362 3,647 4,636 4,833 1,955 8,644 3,353 3,861 3,342 1,395 337 0 45,365
Indiana Territory 854 347 466 645 262 791 280 424 393 115 163 135 5,641[b]
Mississippi Territory 999 356 482 780 290 953 376 352 462 165 182 3,489 8,850
District Free white males under age 10 Free white males age 10–16 Free white males age 16–26 Free white males age 26–45 Free white males over age 45 Free white females under age 10 Free white females age 10–16 Free white females age 16–26 Free white females age 26–45 Free white females over age 45 All other free persons Slaves Total
Uncorrected Total 741,367 334,849 383,423 422,795 257,526 705,024 315,354 391,848 392,167 250,296 102,685 875,626 5,172,312
Tennessee[c] 19,227 7,194 8,282 8,352 4,125 18,450 7,042 8,554 6,992 3,491 309 13,584 105,602
Maryland corrected[d] 36,751 17,743 21,929 23,553 13,712 34,703 16,787 22,915 21,725 12,180 19,987 107,707 349,692
Corrected Total 763,288 359,792 392,765 432,979 262,497 725,197 323,243 401,436 400,203 254,524 104,294 893,605 5,305,982

^ a: At the time of the 1800 census, the territory donated to form the District of Columbia was still being administered by the states of Maryland and Virginia. The state of Maryland included the population of the District under its control within its own return. The population of the District of Columbia within Maryland was 8,144 persons, including 5,672 whites, 400 free blacks, and 2,472 enslaved persons.[4]

^ b: Persons 766 added to the particular items of this return.

^ c: This return has been received since the communication of the above Aggregate to Congress.

^ d: This return has also been since received, and is stated by the Marshal to be more correct than the first.[5]

City populations

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Rank City State Population[6][7] Region (2016)[8]
01 New York New York 60,515 Northeast
02 Philadelphia Pennsylvania 41,220 Northeast
03 Baltimore Maryland 26,514 South
04 Boston Massachusetts 24,937 Northeast
05 Charleston South Carolina 18,824 South
06 Northern Liberties Pennsylvania 10,718 Northeast
07 Southwark Pennsylvania 9,621 Northeast
08 Salem Massachusetts 9,457 Northeast
09 Providence Rhode Island 7,614 Northeast
10 Livingston New York 7,405 Northeast
11 Norfolk Virginia 6,926 South
12 Newport Rhode Island 6,739 Northeast
13 Cambridge New York 6,187 Northeast
14 Fishkill New York 6,168 Northeast
15 Newburyport Massachusetts 5,946 Northeast
16 Richmond Virginia 5,737 South
17 Nantucket Massachusetts 5,617 Northeast
18 Stonington Connecticut 5,437 Northeast
19 Portsmouth New Hampshire 5,339 Northeast
20 Gloucester Massachusetts 5,313 Northeast
21 Albany New York 5,289 Northeast
21 Schenectady New York 5,289 Northeast
23 Marblehead Massachusetts 5,211 Northeast
24 Clinton New York 5,208 Northeast
25 Bridgewater Massachusetts 5,200 Northeast
26 Canaan New York 5,157 Northeast
27 New London Connecticut 5,150 Northeast
28 Norwalk Connecticut 5,146 Northeast
28 Savannah Georgia 5,146 South
30 Middletown Connecticut 5,001 Northeast
31 Watervliet New York 4,992 Northeast
32 Alexandria District of Columbia[9] 4,971 South
33 Stephentown New York 4,968 Northeast
34 Troy New York 4,926 Northeast
35 Hartford Connecticut 4,802 Northeast
36 Rehoboth Massachusetts 4,743 Northeast
37 Paris New York 4,721 Northeast
38 Hillsdale New York 4,702 Northeast
39 Coxsackie New York 4,676 Northeast
40 Kingston New York 4,615 Northeast
41 Argyle New York 4,597 Northeast
42 Rensselaerville New York 4,560 Northeast
43 Oyster Bay New York 4,548 Northeast
44 Middleborough Massachusetts 4,458 Northeast
45 Claverack New York 4,414 Northeast
46 Petersburgh New York 4,412 Northeast
47 Lyme Connecticut 4,380 Northeast
48 New Bedford Massachusetts 4,361 Northeast
49 Kinderhook New York 4,348 Northeast
50 Groton Connecticut 4,302 Northeast
51 Lancaster Pennsylvania 4,292 Northeast
52 Litchfield Connecticut 4,285 Northeast
53 Pawling New York 4,269 Northeast
54 Otsego New York 4,224 Northeast
55 Whitestown New York 4,212 Northeast
56 South Hempstead New York 4,141 Northeast
57 Montgomery New York 4,106 Northeast
58 Newbury Massachusetts 4,076 Northeast
59 New Haven Connecticut 4,049 Northeast
60 Brookhaven New York 4,022 Northeast
60 Rhinebeck New York 4,022 Northeast
62 Glocester Rhode Island 4,009 Northeast
63 Wethersfield Connecticut 3,992 Northeast
64 Johnstown New York 3,932 Northeast
65 Huntington New York 3,894 Northeast
66 Beverly Massachusetts 3,881 Northeast
67 Taunton Massachusetts 3,860 Northeast
68 Halfmoon New York 3,851 Northeast
69 Warwick New York 3,816 Northeast
70 Freehold New York 3,812 Northeast
71 Beekman New York 3,756 Northeast
72 Gilmanton New Hampshire 3,752 Northeast
73 Fairfield Connecticut 3,735 Northeast
74 Bethlehem New York 3,733 Northeast
75 Chatham New York 3,716 Northeast
76 Portland Massachusetts[10] 3,704 Northeast
77 Wells Massachusetts[10] 3,692 Northeast
78 Schodack New York 3,688 Northeast
79 Southampton New York 3,670 Northeast
80 Earl Pennsylvania 3,669 Northeast
81 Hudson New York 3,664 Northeast
82 Lebanon Connecticut 3,652 Northeast
83 Guilford Connecticut 3,597 Northeast
84 Wallkill New York 3,592 Northeast
85 Minisink New York 3,584 Northeast
86 Milton New York 3,553 Northeast
87 Plymouth Massachusetts 3,524 Northeast
88 Petersburg Virginia 3,521 South
89 Palatine New York 3,512 Northeast
90 Berne New York 3,486 Northeast
91 Pittstown New York 3,483 Northeast
92 Norwich Connecticut 3,476 Northeast
93 Greenbush New York 3,472 Northeast
94 Preston Connecticut 3,440 Northeast
95 South Kingstown Rhode Island 3,438 Northeast
96 Falmouth Massachusetts[10] 3,422 Northeast
97 Evesham New Jersey 3,381 Northeast
98 Saybrook Connecticut 3,363 Northeast
99 Aurelius New York 3,312 Northeast
100 Ipswich Massachusetts 3,305 Northeast

References

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  1. ^ a b Lunt, Edward C. (1888). "History of the United States Census". Publications of the American Statistical Association. 1 (2/3): 63–93. doi:10.2307/2276342. ISSN 1522-5437. JSTOR 2276342.
  2. ^ "1800 Census Questions". Archived from the original on April 27, 2010. Retrieved May 3, 2010.
  3. ^ Dollarhide, William (2001). The Census Book: A Genealogists Guide to Federal Census Facts, Schedules and Indexes. North Salt Lake, Utah: HeritageQuest. p. 8.
  4. ^ "District of Columbia – Race and Hispanic Origin: 1800 to 1990" (PDF). U.S. Census Bureau. September 13, 2002. Archived from the original (PDF) on August 4, 2011. Retrieved November 1, 2011.
  5. ^ "Enumeration of Persons in the several districts of The United States" (PDF). 1800. p. 3. Archived from the original (PDF) on June 11, 2010. Retrieved May 10, 2010.
  6. ^ Population of the 100 Largest Cities and Other Urban Places in the United States: 1790 to 1990, U.S. Census Bureau, 1998
  7. ^ "Population of Connecticut Towns 1756-1820". Connecticut Secretary of the State. State of Connecticut. Archived from the original on January 13, 2017. Retrieved April 13, 2020.
  8. ^ "Regions and Divisions". U.S. Census Bureau. Archived from the original on December 3, 2016. Retrieved September 9, 2016.
  9. ^ In present day Virginia.
  10. ^ a b c In present day Maine.
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