Jump to content

12 June 2019 Hong Kong protest

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

12 June 2019 Hong Kong protest
6.12 金鐘警民衝突 (Chinese)
Part of 2019–20 Hong Kong protests
Date12 June 2019; 5 years ago (2019-06-12)
Location
Admiralty, Hong Kong
Caused byChief Executive Carrie Lam pushing ahead with the second reading of the extradition bill despite mass opposition
Goals
  • To successfully stall the second reading of the bill
  • To demand the government to fully withdraw the extradition bill
MethodsOccupation
Resulted in
  • The government suspended the extradition bill on 15 June
  • The government characterised the 12 June incident as a "riot", though they later partially retracted the characterisation, saying that only 5 of the arrestees rioted.
  • One man committed suicide in response to the police's misconduct.
  • Protesters laid out five key demands, which include the establishment of an independent commission of inquiry into police conduct and use of force during the protests
Parties

Protesters
(no centralised authority)

Political parties

Lead figures

No centralised leadership

Wu Chi-wai

Carrie Lam
Stephen Lo
Rupert Dover
David Jordan
Mark Antiss
Andrew Leung

Number
40,000 protesters[1]
More than 5,000 police[2]
Casualties and losses
81 protesters injured
22 police officers injured
2019–2020 Hong Kong protests
Background
Timeline
2019
2020
Major incidents
Tactics and methods
Fatalities
Reactions to the protests
Reactions to the Hong Kong national security law
2020
2021

The 12 June 2019 Hong Kong protest, also known as "612 incident" (Chinese: 6.12 金鐘警民衝突).[3][4][5] refers to an incident of intense confrontation between anti-extradition bill protesters and the Hong Kong Police Force, occurring on 12 June 2019 outside the Government Headquarters in Admiralty, Hong Kong Island. The protest was sparked by the government's introduction of the controversial Fugitive Offenders amendment bill, which was set to go through second reading on 12 June despite mass opposition.

40,000 protesters gathered outside the Government Headquarters attempted and successfully stalled the second reading of the bill, though the Police deployed numerous canisters of tear gas, rubber bullets and bean bag rounds to disperse the protesters. The government and the police characterised the protest as a "riot", though they later partially retracted the claim and said that only five of the arrestees rioted. The police were widely criticised for its excessive use of force and arrests of protesters inside hospitals. In particular, the kettling of protesters inside CITIC Tower, was widely condemned.

The conflict was the most serious and intense conflict between the police and the protesters during the early stage of the 2019–20 Hong Kong protests. Protesters began to lay down their five core demands, including the establishment of an independent commission of inquiry into police conduct and use of force and the release and exoneration of arrested protesters. Subsequent protests saw protesters and the police clashing with each other as the number of allegations of police misconduct continued to increase.

Background

[edit]

The protest was sparked by the introduction of the Fugitive Offenders amendment bill by the Hong Kong government. The bill, if enacted, would have allowed the Hong Kong government to extradite criminal fugitives who are wanted in territories to areas including Taiwan and mainland China. This created concerns that the bill would subject Hong Kong residents and visitors to the mainland Chinese jurisdiction and legal system, undermining the region's autonomy and its civil liberties.[6]

On 9 June 2019, an estimated 1 million protesters marched on the streets of Hong Kong Island to demand the government to withdraw the controversial extradition bill. The march escalated into intense conflicts between the police and the protesters. Chief Executive Carrie Lam announced on the next day that she acknowledged the march protest and understood that were "clearly still concerns" among citizens of Hong Kong over the bill. However, she affirmed that the bill would be passed to the Legislative Council for its second reading on 12 June, despite mass opposition.[7] In response, activists began to call for a general strike and mobilise members from the public to protest outside the Government Headquarters to stall the bill from passing its second reading.

Timeline

[edit]

Early stage

[edit]

A Facebook post calling on people to "enjoy a picnic" at Tamar Park on 11 June attracted 2,000 people. In anticipation of the protest the next day, the police force tightened security. Inside Admiralty station, about 50 to 60 police officers stopped commuters, mostly teenagers and searched their bags.[8] Pan-democrats arrived to assist the teens and questioned the police's lack of justification for the search, and about 300 passers-by gathered near the site of conflicts, many of them shouted to condemn the police's decision. The police left the station at 9:05 pm.[9]

General strike and occupation

[edit]
Online groups called on people to "picnic" on the morning of 12 June at Tamar Park.

A general strike had been called for 12 June, the day of the planned resumption of the second reading of the extradition bill. The Hong Kong Confederation of Trade Unions (HKCTU) appealed to workers to join the protest; hundreds of businesses closed for the day and numerous workers went on strike.[10] Affiliate Hong Kong Cabin Crew Federation also called a strike. HSBC, Standard Chartered and Bank of East Asia closed some central branches; some of the banks and the Big Four accounting firms had agreed to flexible work arrangements for staff; Hong Kong Jockey Club shut down three of its central betting branches, citing employee safety.[11][12] The Hong Kong Professional Teachers' Union (HKPTU) called on its members to attend a protest rally after school hours on that day. Student unions of most of the major higher education institutions had also called for student strike on 12 June; 50 social welfare and religious groups also took part in the strike.[13] The Catholic Diocese of Hong Kong urged the Hong Kong government and the public to show restraint, and the administration "not to rush to amend the extradition bill before fully responding to the concerns of the legal sector and the public."[14]

Another call to "picnic" at Tamar Park on 12 June attracted close to 10,000 responses. The Legislative Council Commission issued an amber security alert. The protest zone outside the building was closed and access to the complex was limited. Sit-ins began in the morning and a large crowd built up at the MTR exit. In the early morning hours, the crowd rushed onto Harcourt Road and Lung Wo Road, blocking these streets in scenes reminiscent of the 2014 Umbrella Movement protests.[15] A banner with "Majority calls on Carrie Lam to step down" and "Withdraw the extradition bill, defend One Country Two Systems" written on it was hung from the Admiralty Centre footbridge.[16] Around 11 am, the Legislative Council Secretariat announced that the second reading debate on the extradition bill had been postponed indefinitely.[16]

Violent clashes

[edit]

Police vans carrying riot police began to line up adjacent to the Hong Kong Academy for Performing Arts and the Hong Kong Convention and Exhibition Centre on standby, around 1 pm. A source in the pro-Beijing camp said that some pro-Beijing legislators were at Central Police District Headquarters, while online groups called on protesters to block vehicles that might be used to transport the legislators to the Legislative Council.[16]

Protesters occupied Harcourt Road.

Around 3:20 pm, protesters on Tim Wa Avenue began to charge the police barricades and were doused with pepper spray in reply. Some protesters at the junction of Lung Wo Road and Tim Wa Avenue broke through the barricades and took over Tim Wa Avenue after riot police walked into the government headquarters, leaving a Special Tactical Unit to defend. Protesters also attempted to charge the Legislative Council building. Riot police dispersed the protesters by firing tear gas, beanbag rounds and rubber bullets.[16]

There was a stand-off on Harcourt Road between protesters and the police.[16] Many protesters took shelter in the buildings nearby as more tear gas was fired. As of 6 pm, 22 injured people had been sent to public hospitals. At around 6:20 pm, the Legislative Council Secretariat issued a circular saying Legislative Council President Andrew Leung had called off the meeting.[16] Protesters remained in the streets outside the AIA Tower in Central, Queensway outside Pacific Place shopping mall, and at the junction of Arsenal Street and Hennessy Road in Wan Chai into the night. In Central, private cars were employed to block Connaught Road Central while protesters chanted slogans from the Exchange Square bridge. Protesters defied sustained efforts by police to disperse them after nightfall.[17] By the end of the day, at least 79 protesters and police officers had been treated in hospitals;[18] around 150 tear gas canisters, "several" rounds of rubber bullets, and 20 beanbag shots had been fired during the protest clearance.[19]

Overnight, 2,000 protesters from religious groups held a vigil outside the government headquarters, singing hymns and praying.[20] Various trade unions, businesses and schools also vowed to stage protests.[21] The Hong Kong Professional Teachers' Union called for a city-wide strike lasting a week. At least 4,000 Hong Kong teachers followed the call.[22]

Siege of CITIC Tower

[edit]
CITIC Tower from Lung Wui Road.

According to the CHRF, the police had earlier agreed to peaceful demonstration within the area outside CITIC Tower in its letter of no objection. However, the peaceful rally was disrupted by the police when teargas was fired into the middle of the crowd.[23][24] Videos depicting the police firing tear gas as in a pincer movement on both sides of Lung Wui Road near Citic Tower at around 4 pm went viral on Hong Kong social media. People who were trying to push into the building to flee the gas found the doors locked and themselves cornered by police.[23][24]

As people trickled through the jammed central revolving door and a small side door, the police fired another two tear gas canisters into the trapped crowd, fuelling panic.[25] Protesters attempted to break down another locked side door in a desperate attempt to gain entry. Pro-democrat legislators criticised the police action which nearly caused a stampede.[26] Amnesty International also criticised the use of tear gas against the trapped crowd.[27]

Police brutality allegations

[edit]

Use of force

[edit]
See also: Controversies of the Hong Kong Police Force § 2019–20 Hong Kong protests

Many videos of aggressive police action appeared online: one showed tear gas canisters being fired at peaceful and unarmed protesters, first-aid volunteers,[28] and even reporters. One video showed a protester apparently being hit in the face by a police projectile; another showed police firing multiple rounds of tear gas at hundreds of trapped protesters outside CITIC Tower.[29][30] A New York Times video essay showed tear gas was deployed as an "offensive weapon" and that in several cases, unarmed protesters were beaten and dragged by police commanders.[31] On 21 June, Amnesty International published a report examining policing tactics by its team of experts who examined footage of 14 incidents.[27] Video showed apparent unlawful use of batons with the police beating unresisting protesters who were already subdued. The police was also criticised for using rubber bullets dangerously, with the police shooting projectiles directly at protesters' faces. There were also the improper use of riot control agents with peaceful, unarmed passers-by being pepper-sprayed, lack of visible police identification and restrictions on journalists and medics.[32] Amnesty concluded that the use of force by police against the largely peaceful protest was unnecessary and excessive and that police had "violated international human rights law and standards."[27] The right eye of a male teacher from Diocesan Girls' School was ruptured by police projectiles, which permanently affected his eyesight.[5]

Protesters complained about the lack of identifying numbers on the uniforms of the Special Tactical Squad (STS), who were accused of police brutality. During the 2014 Occupy protests, the 2016 Mong Kok civil unrest, and the 9 June clashes, police uniforms had always displayed numbers. The numbers appeared to have disappeared since 12 June, when police officers began wearing newly designed uniforms without numbers. Although Secretary Lee claimed there was no space on the new uniforms to display their numbers, it is an operational requirement.[33] Meanwhile, a spokesman for the police complained that personal information of more than 400 officers and about 100 of their family members had been posted online.[34] Activists have also targeted senior officers in the force who are British, questioning the legacy of colonial violence.[35][36]

Top bodies of the United Nations condemned the actions of police. A spokesman for the U.N. High Commissioner for Human Rights Michelle Bachelet said she was concerned by the "escalation of violence" in Hong Kong, and Rupert Colville said the UN Human Rights Office had also reviewed credible evidence that police were using "less-lethal weapons in ways that are prohibited by international norms".[37] Carrie Lam and Stephen Lo repeatedly sidestepped questions over police violence and rejected protesters' demands for an independent inquiry into the policing of the 12 June protest, only replying that the Complaints Against Police Office (CAPO) and the Independent Police Complaints Council (IPCC) – both of which are internal institutions – would look into the complaints.[38]

Chief superintendents Rupert Dover and David Jordan have been singled out by the activists for their handling and suppression of the protest,[39] which injured 22 police officers and 81 protesters.[5] Helen Goodman criticised superintendent Justin Shave for ordering his team to fire tear gas at Wu Chi-wai, an unarmed Legislative Councilor who was demanding to meet the police's commander.[40] Two people sustained severe injuries according to the police.[41]

Assaults on journalists

[edit]

The Hong Kong Journalists Association (HKJA) accused the police of "trampl[ing] on reporters" and ignoring their safety. They complained that the police had unreasonably interfered with newsgathering by shining flashlights directly at them to disperse them. A driver for public broadcaster RTHK was hit by a tear gas round and sent to hospital after he suffered a cardiac arrest.[42] The HKJA also said members complained that some police officers had been verbally insulting and abusive,[43] including the use of profanity at a member of the press.[44] Another online video showed riot police firing tear gas rounds directly at a journalist.[45] The HKJA filed a complaint with the Independent Police Complaints Council (IPCC) claiming police had caused bodily harm to 26 journalists during the protests.[46] The police press conference on 13 June was attended by reporters wearing high-visibility vests, helmets and gas masks in protest.[47] The Committee to Protect Journalists reported that a journalist was hit with a baton, a backpack of a journalist was hit by a baton, police fired tear gas at a group of journalists wearing yellow "Press" vests, police pepper sprayed a photojournalist and police dispersed journalists swinging batons at and chasing them.[48]

Arrests

[edit]

The police arrested 32 people following the protest.[49] Commissioner of Police Stephen Lo declared the clashes a "riot" and condemned the protesters' behaviour. Speaking in Cantonese, Lo used the term for "disturbance", but a police spokesman later clarified he meant "riot".[50][51][52] Chief Executive Carrie Lam backed Lo, saying the protesters' "dangerous and life-threatening acts" had devolved into a "blatant, organised riot".[53] Lo later backed down from the riot characterisation, saying that of all protesters, only five of them rioted. He added that "most of the other people who joined the public event were peaceful protesters. They did not need to worry that they committed rioting crimes."[54] However, the five people who were arrested for rioting were all released without charge on 24 October.[55]

Hospital arrests

[edit]

At least four protesters were arrested at hospitals while receiving treatment following clashes earlier that day. The police chief admitted that officers had accessed medical records, raising concerns over confidentiality of patient information.[56] On 17 June, Legislative Councillor for the Medical constituency Pierre Chan presented a partial list that disclosed the information of 76 patients who had been treated in the emergency ward of a public hospital on 12 and 13 June, along with a note that stated "for police" which was written on the top-left corner of the document. Chan said such a list could be obtained through the clinical data system in some hospitals without requiring a password[57] and accused the Hong Kong Hospital Authority (HKHA) for leaking patients' data to the police. The HKHA denied the accusation, stressing that it had never authorised anyone to print the patients' data for police officers.[58]

The Hong Kong Adventist Hospital in Tsuen Wan also reportedly refused to treat an injured protester and advised the person to go to Yan Chai Hospital before reporting him to the police. The private hospital told media that its protocol prohibits it from handling cases related to "criminal activities", adding that patients involved in such cases are referred to a public hospital.[59]

Tensions grew between the medical profession and the police force with both parties accused of verbal harassment and abuse. The police force later withdrew from posts at Queen Elizabeth Hospital and Yan Chai Hospital.[60][61]

Aftermath

[edit]
Marco Leung Ling-kit on scaffolding at Pacific Place before he fell to his death on 15 June.

Protests against the extradition bill continued after 12 June, as the protesters only managed to delay the second reading of the bill. In response to the alleged police brutality, protesters began asking for the establishment of an independent commission of inquiry into police conduct and use of force during the protest and demanding the police to retract the "riot" characterisation. These demands later formed the foundation of the protesters' core five demands.

On 15 June, Chief Executive Carrie Lam announced the "suspension" of the bill but stopped short of fully withdrawing it. Responding to the 12 June incident, she supported the police, calling them "restrained" and that she agreed with the riot characterisation.[62] Shortly afterward, a 35-year-old man named Marco Leung Ling-kit climbed to the elevated podium on the rooftop of Pacific Place. Wearing a yellow raincoat with the words "Brutal police are cold-blooded" and "Carrie Lam is killing Hong Kong", he fell to his death after a five-hour standoff.[63] On 16 June, the Civil Human Rights Front organised a massive rally, attracting 2 million people.[64]

The government rejected the formation of an independent inquiry and stated that the Independent Police Complaints Council (IPCC), an internal institution, would look into the complaints.[38] Following the 12 June incident, the attention of the protests shifted to the confrontations between the police force and the protesters. The number of allegations of Police misconduct continued to increase in subsequent protests, as protests escalated into intense conflicts between both sides.

Robert Godden, the founder of human rights consultancy Rights Exposure, named the 12 June incident as the "first escalation of force" and that most of the subsequent protests were "a spiralling escalation" based on what had happened on 12 June. Commenting on the police's tactics, he described them as "very indiscriminate, very blunt, very unplanned, very unsophisticated".[65]

On 15 May 2020, a 22-year-old man surnamed Sin was sentenced to four years in prison for his participation in the protest, becoming the first person to be jailed for the charge of rioting since the protest movement started.[66] A male participant surnamed Leung was charged with rioting on 17 May 2023.[67]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "【逃犯條例】政府內部總結：有人想在香港搞顏色革命 絕不讓步". 香港01. 13 June 2019. Archived from the original on 12 September 2019. Retrieved 13 June 2019.
  2. ^ "民陣籲圍立會 5000警佈防 警內部評估衝突可「近乎旺暴」". Ming Pao. 12 June 2019. Archived from the original on 12 June 2019. Retrieved 13 June 2019.
  3. ^ "【逃犯條例．多圖】記錄612衝突瞬間　重組示威者警方攻防時序". 香港01 (in Chinese). 23 June 2019. Archived from the original on 29 June 2019. Retrieved 29 June 2019.
  4. ^ "金鐘警民衝突 至少22人送院". 信報 (in Chinese). 12 June 2019. Archived from the original on 6 July 2019. Retrieved 12 June 2019.
  5. ^ a b c "【逃犯條例】連場衝突最少378傷 飛天南出院 中彈老師視力模糊". Hong Kong 01. 2 August 2019. Retrieved 12 November 2019.
  6. ^ Pomfret, James (24 May 2019). Macfie, Nick (ed.). "EU lodges formal diplomatic note against contentious Hong Kong extradition bill". Reuters. Archived from the original on 2 June 2019. Retrieved 20 June 2019.
  7. ^ "Hong Kong protests: Carrie Lam vows to push ahead with extradition bill". The Guardian. 10 June 2019. Archived from the original on 8 October 2019. Retrieved 13 November 2019.
  8. ^ Siu, Phila; Sum, Lok-kei; Lum, Alvin (11 June 2019). "Protesters brace for fresh showdown with Hong Kong police over bill". South China Morning Post. Archived from the original on 11 June 2019. Retrieved 11 June 2019.
  9. ^ "【逃犯條例．短片】金鐘站大批警員截查市民搜袋 民陣人權監察譴責濫權 (22:36)". Ming Pao. 11 June 2019. Archived from the original on 12 June 2019. Retrieved 13 November 2019.
  10. ^ "Hong Kong faces shut down over extradition bill". Asia Times. 11 June 2019. Archived from the original on 14 October 2019. Retrieved 13 November 2019.
  11. ^ "Hong Kong shops, workers in rare strike to 'defend freedom'". Reuters. 12 June 2019. Archived from the original on 14 October 2019. Retrieved 13 November 2019.
  12. ^ "About 100 businesses pledge to close doors to allow workers to join another protest against Hong Kong's controversial extradition bill". South China Morning Post. 10 June 2019. Archived from the original on 14 October 2019. Retrieved 13 November 2019.
  13. ^ "多間院校學生會發起罷課反對修訂逃犯條例". RTHK. 11 June 2019. Archived from the original on 12 June 2019. Retrieved 13 November 2019.
  14. ^ Ting, Victor; Cheung, Elizabeth (11 June 2019). "Catholic Church urges restraint as social workers vow to strike and Hong Kong's biggest teachers' union calls for protests against extradition amendment". South China Morning Post. Archived from the original on 29 October 2019. Retrieved 13 November 2019.
  15. ^ Grundy, Tom (12 June 2019). "Tens of thousands of Hong Kong anti-extradition law protesters block roads around gov't HQ as bill meeting postponed". Hong Kong Free Press. Archived from the original on 13 October 2021. Retrieved 17 June 2020.
  16. ^ a b c d e f "As it happened: Hong Kong police and extradition protesters renew clashes as tear gas flies". South China Morning Post. 12 June 2019. Archived from the original on 12 October 2019. Retrieved 13 November 2019.
  17. ^ "Hong Kong extradition protests: Lam criticises 'organised riots'". BBC. Archived from the original on 14 October 2019. Retrieved 17 June 2020.
  18. ^ "79 in hospital after sustaining injuries from Admiralty clashes". ejinsight. 13 June 2019. Archived from the original on 8 July 2019. Retrieved 13 November 2019.
  19. ^ Cheng, Kris (13 June 2019). "'Very restrained' – Hong Kong police say 150 rounds of tears gas, 20 bean bag shots fired during anti-extradition law 'riot'". Hong Kong Free Press. Retrieved 13 November 2019.
  20. ^ Ives, Mike; May, Tiffany (11 June 2019). "Hong Kong Residents Block Roads to Protest Extradition Bill". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 12 June 2019. Retrieved 12 June 2019.
  21. ^ "'Paralyse the gov't': Hong Kong pledges more protests after million-strong anti-extradition march". Hong Kong Free Press. 11 June 2019. Retrieved 11 June 2019.
  22. ^ "【逃犯條例】教協發動本周全港罷課 教育局：堅決反對罷課 教聯會譴責". Ming Pao. Archived from the original on 13 June 2019. Retrieved 12 June 2019.
  23. ^ a b "【轉載】還原真相: 中信圍困事件 Siege of Citic". Archived from the original on 12 November 2019. Retrieved 13 November 2019 – via YouTube.
  24. ^ a b "【引渡惡法】中信圍困真相！警狂轟催淚彈暴力驅散數百人 空拍證險釀人踩人慘劇". Apple Daily (in Chinese). 18 June 2019. Archived from the original on 18 June 2019. Retrieved 13 November 2019.
  25. ^ "【逃犯條例】催淚煙困中信大廈 中年男憶千人「生死一刻」". HK01. 15 June 2019. Archived from the original on 19 June 2019. Retrieved 13 November 2019.
  26. ^ "Video: Hong Kong security chief apologises over extradition debacle, as lawmakers slam police use of force". Hong Kong Free Press. 19 June 2019. Retrieved 13 November 2019.
  27. ^ a b c "How not to police a protest: Unlawful use of force by Hong Kong Police". Amnesty International. 21 June 2019. Archived from the original on 21 June 2019. Retrieved 13 November 2019.
  28. ^ Leung, Frankie (20 June 2019). "Hong Kong Police Face Mounting Criticism Over Use of Force on Protesters". Radio Free Asia. Archived from the original on 15 July 2019. Retrieved 15 July 2019.
  29. ^ "Video: Level of force used by Hong Kong police to clear protests questioned, as video clips go viral". Hong Kong Free Press. 18 June 2019. Retrieved 13 November 2019.
  30. ^ Hernández, Javier C.; Marcolini, Barbara; Willis, Haley; Jordan, Drew; Felling, Meg; May, Tiffany; Chen, Elsie (30 June 2019). "Did Hong Kong Police Abuse Protesters? What Videos Show: Tear-gassed, beaten and dragged. Experts in crowd control say the Hong Kong police used excessive force on protesters during a demonstration in June". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 7 July 2019. Retrieved 8 July 2019.
  31. ^ Marcolini, Barbara; Willis, Haley; Hernández, Javier C.; May, Tiffany; Chen, Elsie; Jordan, Drew; O'Neill, Shane (14 July 2019). "Visual Investigation: Did Hong Kong Police Abuse Protesters? What the Videos Show" (video). The New York Times. Archived from the original on 16 July 2019. Retrieved 16 July 2019.
  32. ^ "Verified: Hong Kong police violence against peaceful protesters". Amnesty International. 21 June 2019. Archived from the original on 25 June 2019. Retrieved 13 November 2019.
  33. ^ "General Enquiries | Hong Kong Police Force". Government of Hong Kong. Archived from the original on 5 October 2019. Retrieved 30 June 2019.
  34. ^ Siu, Phila; Lum, Alvin; Su, Xinqi (20 June 2019). "Questions over credibility of Hong Kong Police Force as security chief says riot squad uniforms have no room for officers' identity numbers". South China Morning Post. Archived from the original on 14 October 2019. Retrieved 13 November 2019.
  35. ^ Sherwell, Philip (23 June 2019). "Activists single out British officers in protests against Hong Kong police". The Sunday Times. Archived from the original on 10 July 2019. Retrieved 21 July 2019.
  36. ^ Hazelwood, Jack (18 July 2019). "Hong Kong's Police Violence Is Stamped 'Made in U.K.'". Foreign Policy. Archived from the original on 21 July 2019. Retrieved 21 July 2019.
  37. ^ "Latest: Hong Kong police: 5 arrested after airport protests". AP News. 13 August 2019. Archived from the original on 13 August 2019. Retrieved 13 August 2019.
  38. ^ a b "Police pledge fair and impartial probe of June 12 clashes". ejinsight. 19 June 2019. Archived from the original on 5 August 2019. Retrieved 13 November 2019.
  39. ^ Sterwell, Phillip (23 June 2019). "Activists single out British officers in protests against Hong Kong police". The Times. Archived from the original on 16 November 2019. Retrieved 13 November 2019.
  40. ^ Hazlewood, Jack (18 July 2019). "Hong Kong's Police Violence Is Stamped 'Made in U.K.'". Foreign Policy. Archived from the original on 19 July 2019. Retrieved 1 March 2020.
  41. ^ "【逃犯條例．持續更新】直播一哥盧偉聰記招 放逾150枚催淚彈". 香港01. 13 June 2019. Archived from the original on 12 September 2019. Retrieved 13 June 2019.
  42. ^ "RTHK driver hit by tear gas round". RTHK. 13 June 2019. Archived from the original on 16 August 2019. Retrieved 13 November 2019.
  43. ^ Cheng, Kris (12 June 2019). "Hong Kong's journalism watchdog says police 'trampled on reporters' rights' during extradition protest clashes". Hong Kong Free Press. Retrieved 13 June 2019.
  44. ^ Lau, Chris (19 June 2019). "Hong Kong police facing High Court challenge over officer's 'Jesus' comment during extradition bill protest". South China Morning Post. Archived from the original on 4 October 2019. Retrieved 13 November 2019.
  45. ^ Lomas, Claire. "Hong Kong protests: Police accused of shooting at journalists amid demonstration over China extradition bill". The Independent. Archived from the original on 16 July 2019. Retrieved 16 July 2019.
  46. ^ Creery, Jennifer. "Anti-extradition protests: Hong Kong press watchdog files police complaint alleging abuse against 26 journalists". Hong Kong Free Press. Retrieved 13 November 2019.
  47. ^ Cheng, Kris (13 June 2019). "'Very restrained' - Hong Kong police say 150 rounds of tears gas, 20 bean bag shots fired during anti-extradition law 'riot'". Hong Kong Free Press HKFP. Retrieved 22 February 2024.
  48. ^ "Hong Kong police attack journalists with batons, tear gas amid protests". Committee to Protect Journalists. 14 June 2019. Retrieved 4 April 2021.
  49. ^ "【逃犯條例】6.12被捕人數增至32人五涉暴動 盧偉聰指會檢討行動". 香港01. 17 June 2019. Archived from the original on 17 June 2019. Retrieved 18 June 2019.
  50. ^ "Hong Kong police declare China extradition protest 'a riot' as rubber bullets and tear gas fired at crowd". CNN. 12 June 2019. Archived from the original on 12 June 2019. Retrieved 12 June 2019.
  51. ^ Pomfret, James; Jim, Clare. "Hong Kong police fire rubber bullets as extradition bill protests turn to chaos". Reuters. Archived from the original on 12 June 2019. Retrieved 12 June 2019.
  52. ^ "Hong Kong extradition: Police fire rubber bullets at protesters". BBC. Archived from the original on 12 June 2019. Retrieved 12 June 2019.
  53. ^ "Global backing for protest rights as Trump hopes Hong Kong can 'work it out'". The Guardian. 13 June 2019. Archived from the original on 13 June 2019. Retrieved 13 November 2019.
  54. ^ Cheng, Kris (18 June 2019). "Hong Kong police chief backs down on categorisation of unrest, saying only five people were rioters". Hong Kong Free Press. Retrieved 13 November 2019.
  55. ^ "【逃犯條例】612眼部中槍女拔教師被指涉暴動踢保 獲無條件釋放". 香港01. 24 October 2019. Archived from the original on 4 November 2019. Retrieved 4 November 2019.
  56. ^ Graham-Harrison, Emma (17 June 2019). "Hong Kong police chief admits officers sought to arrest wounded protesters in hospital". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 21 July 2019. Retrieved 21 July 2019.
  57. ^ Sum, Lok-kei; Cheung, Elizabeth (19 June 2019). "Leaked video exposes how Hong Kong hospitals' patient data can be accessed by anyone". South China Morning Post. Archived from the original on 29 July 2019. Retrieved 1 August 2019.
  58. ^ Cheung, Elizabeth (18 June 2019). "Hong Kong Hospital Authority denies leaking data to police after extradition bill protesters arrested in public hospitals". South China Morning Post. Archived from the original on 12 November 2019. Retrieved 13 November 2019.
  59. ^ "HA vows to review data security after arrests of patients". EJ Insight. 21 June 2019. Archived from the original on 5 August 2019. Retrieved 13 November 2019.
  60. ^ Zhao, Shirley (27 June 2019). "Hong Kong police defend decision to withdraw from posts at two hospitals, as tension between public and force intensifies". South China Morning Post. Archived from the original on 13 July 2019. Retrieved 13 July 2019.
  61. ^ Siu, Phila (26 June 2019). "Hong Kong police quit posts at two city hospitals after complaining they were verbally abused over extradition bill arrests". South China Morning Post. Archived from the original on 13 July 2019. Retrieved 13 July 2019.
  62. ^ "【逃犯條例】驅散示威者行動拘捕11人 盧偉聰：警方已很克制". 頭條日報. 13 June 2019. Retrieved 15 June 2019.
  63. ^ "A Hong Kong Extradition Protester Who Fell to His Death Is Being Hailed as a 'Martyr'". Time. 15 June 2019. ISSN 0040-781X. OCLC 1311479. Archived from the original on 17 June 2019.
  64. ^ "Public anger seethes in Hong Kong ahead of another anti-extradition law rally". Hong Kong Free Press /AFP. 16 June 2019. Retrieved 16 June 2019.
  65. ^ Hale, Erin (1 November 2019). "'Blunt, unplanned': Police tactics under fire in HK protests". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 15 December 2019.
  66. ^ "Man jailed for 4 years over anti-extradition protest outside LegCo". Coconuts. 15 May 2020. Retrieved 16 May 2020.
  67. ^ Lee, Peter (17 May 2023). "Hong Kong charges man with rioting almost 4 years after 2019 protest". Hong Kong Free Press. Retrieved 18 May 2023.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=12_June_2019_Hong_Kong_protest&oldid=1259368985"