Yanaikatchai Mantaran Cheral Irumporai
 | This article needs additional citations for verification. (January 2009) |
| Mantharan Cheral Irumporai | |
|---|---|
| Chera ruler | |
| Reign | ? - March 141 CE (probably)[1] [2][3][4] |
| Died | March 141 CE (probably)[5] [6][7][8] |
| House | Chera |
| Chera dynasty |
|---|
| Early Cheras |
|
| - |
|
| - |
|
| Kongu Chera dynasty (Karur) |
|
| Chera Perumals of Makotai (Kerala) |
|
Mantharan Cheral Irumporai (Tamil: மாந்தரன் சேரல் இரும்பொறை) was a ruler of the Chera dynasty in early historic south India (c. 1st - 4th century CE).
Biography
[edit]He was a warring ruler, and constantly moved about the frontiers of his dominions. He was hailed "Yanai Katchai" meaning 'the One with an Eye-sight Like an Elephant'.[9]
According to early Tamil literature, Mantharan Cheral was a contemporary of famous Pandya ruler Nedum Chezhian (II, early 3rd century CE[10]).[11] Purananuru tells that he participated in the battle of Talaiyalam-Kanam allied with Chola ruler Killivalavan and five other small rulers including Ezhini, Thithiyan, Irungo Vaenman, Porunan and Erumaiyuran against Nedum Chezhian.[12] However, the Pandyas invaded the Chera country, won the battle and Mantharan Cheral was taken as a prisoner to Madurai. After his court trial at Madurai he was locked in a fort "inside a bamboo forest surrounded by the crocodile lake". Mantharan Cheral later escaped from his cell and returned to his country and "continued to rule his loving people in peace, plenty and harmony for many more uninterrupted years".[13]
The Chola ruler Rajasuyamvetta Perunnarkilli was also at war with Mantharan Cheral, and Thervan Malayan chief of Miladu is said to have assisted the Cholas in these battles. Kurunkozhiyur Kizhar, a poet in the Mantharan Cheral's court, praises the king for having once saved a city called Vilamkil from the enemies.
Death
[edit]The poet Kurunkozhiyur Kizhar and Kudalur Kizhar who were present at the death of Mandaran Cheral state that the death was portended by a falling star (possibly a comet) seven days previous to the occurrence.
"...after a bright falling star -with a leg erupting backward, appeared in the sky, amidst the Aadu (Aries) constellation, from the first leg of a Karthikai starday - past midnight, through to the Anusham starday in the first fortnight of the month of Panguni (Phalguna), neither moving north nor east, staying aput in solitude as an island, with the North star wandering, the Moolam star rising opposite and passing above it, and the Mrigasirisham star staying low over the port of Thondi, on the seventh day Mantharan Cheral Irumporai died suddenly..."[14]
The mentioned brightly visualised comet that appeared in the said month of March and April might have been the Halley's comet of February–April 141 CE under the Aries across Phalguna.[15] [16][17][18]
References
[edit]- ^ Ravene, G (1897), 'The appearance of Halley's Comet in A.D. 141', in The Observatory 20: pp. 203-205.
- ^ Purananuru, Sangam literature of Ancient Tamils: verses-20,22
- ^ Williams, John (1871), Observations of Comets, from B.C. 611 TO A.D. 1640, Royal Astronomical Society. London:Strangeways and Walden. Extracted from the Chinese Annals: ...and a Chinese celestial Atlas.
- ^ "Observations of comets, from B. C. 611 to A. D. 1640". 1871.
- ^ Ravene, G (1897), 'The appearance of Halley's Comet in A.D. 141', in The Observatory 20: pp. 203-205.
- ^ Purananuru, Sangam literature of Ancient Tamils: verses-20,22
- ^ Williams, John (1871), Observations of Comets, from B.C. 611 TO A.D. 1640, Royal Astronomical Society. London:Strangeways and Walden. Extracted from the Chinese Annals: ...and a Chinese celestial Atlas.
- ^ "Observations of comets, from B. C. 611 to A. D. 1640". 1871.
- ^ (PN:53,20,22)
- ^ "India - The Shunga kingdom". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 16 November 2018.
- ^ Kanakasabhai, V (1904), The Tamils Eighteen Hundred Years Ago, Asian Educational Services, New Delhi.
- ^ (PN:20,22,32,53 & 229)
- ^ (Purananuru-PN:229)
- ^ (PN:229)
- ^ Ravene, G (1897), 'The appearance of Halley's Comet in A.D. 141', in The Observatory 20: pp. 203-205.
- ^ Purananuru, Sangam literature of Ancient Tamils: verses-20,22
- ^ Williams, John (1871), Observations of Comets, from B.C. 611 TO A.D. 1640, Royal Astronomical Society. London:Strangeways and Walden. Extracted from the Chinese Annals: ...and a Chinese celestial Atlas.
- ^ "Observations of comets, from B. C. 611 to A. D. 1640". 1871.