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The Yadana pipeline is a transboundary natural gas pipeline linking Myanmar's Yadana gas field to Thailand. Built from 1995 to 1998 with the support of Thailand through the Petroleum Authority of Thailand, the project was subject to controversy over human rights abuses against minority groups in Myanmar and environmental concerns in Thailand.[1][2] It supplies about 25 percent of Thailand's natural gas demand.

Construction of Thai pipeline

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Contractor and Building Time

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In January 1997, the Tasco Mannesmann Joint Venture (TMJV a Thai-German Company Joint Venture),[3] won the pipeline contract which included the procurement, construction and commissioning of the pipeline and related facilities, as well as the design of the Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) and Telecommunications system including a Fiber optic cable system. The Yadana Gas Pipeline in Thailand was built in 1997–1998.

Design, Detail Engineering and Route selection

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The Petroleum Authority of Thailand (now PTT) was responsible to provide the entire engineering (except for SCADA) including the detailed engineering for the pipeline project. For this work Nova Gas International and OGP Technical Services of Malaysia[4] won a consulting engineering and project management contract for the Yadana Gas pipeline in November 1995. According to the reference document, Nova Gas/OGP was responsible for the route selection, the detailed engineering of the pipeline and all related facilities including issuing the Bid documents. With issuing the Tender documents for Bidding to Contractors the engineering was not finished and it was completed only during the execution phase of the project incorporating all the changes ordered by PTT. The design life for the pipeline is 40 years which is consistent with PTT's other pipeline systems. Furthermore, as PTT's Engineer and Consultant Nova Gas/OGP was responsible for the entire construction supervision of the Yadana Gas Pipeline Project.

The Pipeline System

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The pipeline has a diameter of 42 inches and is around 240 kilometers long and it has a total number of 12 Block Valve Stations that includes 6 Scraper Facilities, an operations and maintenance center including a gas meter station and a SCADA Telecommunications system that was connected to the Petroleum Authority of Thailand's (PTT) existing SCADA system. After its completion the Yadana Gas Pipeline secured PTT with an alternative source of gas supply form Myanmar in addition to the Gulf of Thailand, on which PTT had totally relied upon.

Starting & Ending Location of the Pipeline

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The Yadana gas pipeline system connects with the 36 inch Yadana Myanmar gas pipeline at Ban I-tong, a small former mining village located in a forest mountain area, on the border in Kanchanaburi province in the Thong Pha Phum district at KP-000.[5] At Scraper/Block Valve Station 1 located 350 meter away from the border the pipeline increases its diameter to 42 inch.[6] It than transports the gas to the Ratchaburi Power Plant located at the end of the 240 km long pipeline.[7] PTT's Operation and Maintenance Center is located at Pipeline Kilometer KP 233.2 at Ratchaburi adjacent to Highway 4.[8] Scraper/Block Valve Station #7 including the later built Compressor Station is the home for the Region VIII Gas Pipeline Operations Division Kanchanaburi [9]

Terrain of the Pipeline

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The pipeline routes through a widely differing types of terrain such as along roads, through paddy fields, sugar cane fields etc. and mountainous areas.[10] The basic right of way for the pipeline, varying in width from 5 meters in road reserves to 10 meters in privately owned areas, and 12 to 20 meters in forestry areas, was provided by PTT, as was the land for the construction of other facilities. Additional working space was where required obtained by TMJV. This was done especially in areas of road reserves where the right of way was very narrow.

Construction

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TMJV used – as planned at the beginning of the Project – two main pipeline construction spreads. Both spreads were sufficiently equipped and have had mechanized welding crews. The mobilization of the imported construction equipment, local equipment and manpower was achieved as planned. Later in the project TMJV expanded the number of construction Spreads due to delays that were mainly due to land unavailability.[11] The accelerated recovery measures that were implemented by the TMJV worked successfully and most of the lost time was recovered and the anticipated Project delay was significantly minimized[12]

Results

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The gas as it transported by the 42 inch Yadana Gas Pipeline is used for many purposes in Thailand and is a part of PTT's Gas Value Chain. According to PTT the Yadana Gas Pipeline is a highly sophisticated technical system[13] and complies to the Thailand Quality Award (TQA) criterion. PTT did win a TQA award in 2010![14] The Yadana Gas Pipeline deliveries about 25% of Thailand's Natural Gas demand.[12][15][16] Thailand's total power generation is dominated by 58% of natural gas according to the referenced Bangkok Post Article dated on 14. October 2019 .[17]

August 2020 marked the 22nd anniversary of the Petroleum Authority of Thailand (PTT) 42-inch Natural Yadana Gas Pipeline operation from Ban I Tong to Ratchaburi. Since this time no operation pipeline accident was reported.

References

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  1. ^ Larsen, Jensine (1 September 1998). "Crude investment: The case of the Yadana pipeline in Burma". Bulletin of Concerned Asian Scholars. 30 (3): 3–13. doi:10.1080/14672715.1998.10411049.
  2. ^ "Yadana pipeline route starts controversy". Watershed-People's Forum on Ecology. 2 (2). November 1996.
  3. ^ "Contractor Completes Work On Thailand's Yadana Pipeline. - Free Online Library". www.thefreelibrary.com. Archived from the original on 29 April 2021. Retrieved 21 June 2020.
  4. ^ "NOVA Gas International rises to Yadana challenge. - Free Online Library". www.thefreelibrary.com. Archived from the original on 22 June 2020. Retrieved 31 May 2020.
  5. ^ "KP 000 Gas Pipeline 36 inch · กจ.4088 Pilok, Thong Pha Phum District, Kanchanaburi 71180, Thailand". KP 000 Gas Pipeline 36 inch · กจ.4088 Pilok, Thong Pha Phum District, Kanchanaburi 71180, Thailand. Archived from the original on 7 January 2022. Retrieved 5 February 2021.
  6. ^ "Start Yadana Gas Pipeline 42 inch · Pilok, Thong Pha Phum District, Kanchanaburi 71180, Thailand". Start Yadana Gas Pipeline 42 inch · Pilok, Thong Pha Phum District, Kanchanaburi 71180, Thailand. Archived from the original on 7 January 2022. Retrieved 5 February 2021.
  7. ^ "Google Maps". Google Maps. Archived from the original on 7 January 2022. Retrieved 5 February 2021.
  8. ^ "PTT - Pipeline Operation Center Region 5 · Tha Rap, Mueang Ratchaburi, Ratchaburi 70000, Thailand". PTT - Pipeline Operation Center Region 5 · Tha Rap, Mueang Ratchaburi, Ratchaburi 70000, Thailand. Archived from the original on 7 January 2022. Retrieved 5 February 2021.
  9. ^ "Block Valve Station 7 · Lum Sum, Sai Yok District, Kanchanaburi 71150, Thailand". Block Valve Station 7 · Lum Sum, Sai Yok District, Kanchanaburi 71150, Thailand. Archived from the original on 7 January 2022. Retrieved 5 February 2021.
  10. ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 7 January 2022. Retrieved 19 May 2020.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  11. ^ "BKK Post, March 1, 1998 YADANA GAS". www.burmalibrary.org. Archived from the original on 22 June 2020. Retrieved 28 May 2020.
  12. ^ a b "StackPath". www.ogj.com. 22 June 1998. Archived from the original on 21 June 2020. Retrieved 19 May 2020.
  13. ^ "Natural Gas Transmission System". www.pttplc.com. Archived from the original on 21 June 2020. Retrieved 19 May 2020.
  14. ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 25 June 2020. Retrieved 19 May 2020.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  15. ^ Wongruang, Piyaporn (14 April 2013). "Power play draws flak from experts". Bangkok Post. Archived from the original on 7 January 2022. Retrieved 19 May 2020.
  16. ^ "PTT inked Gas Sales Agreement with Ratchaburi Power". ryt9.com. Archived from the original on 22 June 2020. Retrieved 28 May 2020.
  17. ^ Praiwan, Yuthana (14 October 2019). "Fuelling the future". Bangkok Post. Archived from the original on 7 January 2022. Retrieved 11 June 2020.
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