Walrus Islands

	Walrus Islands Archeological District
	U.S. National Register of Historic Places
	U.S. National Historic Landmark District
	Alaska Heritage Resources Survey
	Entrance to Round Island, Alaska
Location	Bristol Bay, Alaska
Coordinates	58°41′16″N 160°08′20″W / 58.68764°N 160.13878°W
Area	9,187 acres (3,718 ha)
NRHP reference No.	100000875
AHRS No.	XHI-093; XNB-145
Significant dates
Added to NRHP	December 23, 2016
Designated NHLD	December 23, 2016

The Walrus Islands (Russian: Моржовые острова) are a group of craggy coastal islands in the Bering Sea, close to the northern shores of Bristol Bay, Alaska at the entrance to Togiak Bay. They are located 18 km to the east of Hagemeister Island, and are protected as the Walrus Islands State Game Sanctuary by the state. A part of the island group is also of archaeological importance, with numerous deeply stratified sites covering 6,000 years of human use. For this reason, Crooked Island, Summit Island and Round Island were designated the Walrus Islands Archeological District, a National Historic Landmark District comprising 14 historical sites, in December 2016.^[2]

In 1968, the Walrus Islands were designated as a National Natural Landmark by the National Park Service.^[3]

Description and history

The Walrus Islands consist of a small group of islands and rocky islets extending to the southeast. The main islands are: Summit Island (close to the coast), High Island, Crooked Island, Black Rock Island and Round Island, not to be confused with Round Island (Aleutian Islands). The longest island is Crooked Island with a length of 10 km from north to south. The highest point is 69 m. Administratively these islands belong to the Dillingham Census Area, Alaska.

This island group was first explored by Captain James Cook in 1785. The Russian name "Morzh", meaning "walrus", was first used by Lt. Sarichev (1826, map 3), IRN (Imperial Russian Navy). Captain Tebenkov applied the name "Ostrova Morzhovyye" ("Walrus Islands") to the whole group of islands east of Hagemeister Island (1852, map 4), IRN. Captain Tebenkov also identified Walrus Island with the "Ound Island" of Capt. Cook (1785, v. 28 p. 431), RN.

The Walrus Islands earned their name because of the immense concentration of walruses in the adjacent waters of these islands every summer, the largest concentration being in Round Island, where 14,000 male walruses which have hauled out, have been observed on a single day. The island group forms the Walrus Islands State Game Sanctuary, managed by the Alaska Department of Fish and Game and a permit is required to visit Round Island. On January 11, 2017, President Barack Obama announced the designation of the island group as a National Historic Landmark District. The island contains a copious record of archaeological evidence of human occupation dating back to the Norton Tradition 6,000 years ago,^[4] about the time Bering Sea level rose to separate the Islands from the mainland, and the more recent Thule Tradition.^[5]

The Walrus Islands should not be confused with Walrus Island located in the southeastern shores of the Bristol Bay or with tiny Walrus Island located in the Pribilof group.

References

^ "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. July 9, 2010.
^ ^a ^b "NHL nomination for Walrus Islands (redacted)" (PDF). National Park Service. Retrieved March 7, 2017.
^ "National Natural Landmarks - National Natural Landmarks (U.S. National Park Service)". www.nps.gov. Retrieved March 20, 2019.
^ Alaska islands designated historic landmark by Obama administration, Alaska Dispatch News, Erica Martinson, January 11, 2017. Retrieved 12 January 2017.
^ Archeology, National Natural Landmarks, and State Game Sanctuaries: Combining Efforts for Science and Management, The George Wright Forum, Volume 24, No. 3, Jeanne Schaaf, Judy Alderson, Joe Meehan & Joel Cusick, 2007. Retrieved 12 January 2017.

[nris-1] "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. July 9, 2010.

[nhlsum-2] "NHL nomination for Walrus Islands (redacted)" (PDF). National Park Service. Retrieved March 7, 2017.

[3] "National Natural Landmarks - National Natural Landmarks (U.S. National Park Service)". www.nps.gov. Retrieved March 20, 2019.

[4] Alaska islands designated historic landmark by Obama administration, Alaska Dispatch News, Erica Martinson, January 11, 2017. Retrieved 12 January 2017.

[5] Archeology, National Natural Landmarks, and State Game Sanctuaries: Combining Efforts for Science and Management, The George Wright Forum, Volume 24, No. 3, Jeanne Schaaf, Judy Alderson, Joe Meehan & Joel Cusick, 2007. Retrieved 12 January 2017.

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Description and history

See also

References