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Vladimir Kovalevsky (paleontologist)

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This article is about the Russian paleontologist. For other people named Vladimir Kovalevsky, see Kovalevsky.
Vladimir Kovalevsky
Владимир Ковалевский
Vladimir Kovalevsky, c. 1881
Born14 August 1842
Vārkava, Vitebsk Governorate, Russian Empire
Died15 April 1883 (1883-04-16) (aged 40)
Moscow, Russian Empire
SpouseSofia Kovalevskaya
Scientific career
FieldsPaleontology

Vladimir Onufrievich Kovalevsky (Russia: Владимир Онуфриевич Ковалевский; 14 August [O.S. 2 August] 1842 – 15 April 1883) was a Russian academic and paleontologist. One of the first adopters of Charles Darwin in Russia, he is most notable for his early work on the evolution of the Hippomorpha family. Brother of Alexander Kovalevsky. He married Sofia Kovalevskaya,[1] and had a daughter named Sofia, nicknamed 'Fufa'. After spending some years together as a couple, Vladimir, financially ruined, a victim of depression and unable to support his wife and daughter, committed suicide.

Early life

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Vladimir Kovalevsky was born in Vitebsk providence, outside of Palibino, the youngest of two children. His father, Onufry Osipovich Kovalevsky, was a Russianized Polish landowner and his mother, Polina Petrovna, was Russian.[2] He spent his entire childhood at the estate, and was tutored until the age of 16.[3] He had a grounding in foreign languages, and during his last year at Imperial School of Jurisprudence he earned money by translating books. After graduating in 1861, he gained employment at the Department of Heraldry but asked to travel abroad for his health. After traveling to Heidelberg, Tübingen, Paris, and Nice, he settled in London where he taught the daughter of exiled radical Alexander Herzen. This attracted the attention of the agents of the tzar. When he returned home, he published many scientific texts and, in 1866, Herzen's "Who is to Blame" of which the entire printing was burned by order of the censors. After his engagement to a young radical woman was broken, he met Sofia Kovalevskaya (née Korvin-Krukovskaya) and the two were "fictitiously" married 27 September 1868.[4]

Importance of work

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Kovalevsky edited many scientific books, and on 27 February 1867[5] he wrote to Charles Darwin about translating his latest book, The Variation of Animals and Plants Under Domestication. His translation work was so fast that the Russian copy of Variation was published several months before the "original" English version.[6] He also translated The Descent of Man, which he and Sofia had to carry through Prussian lines into besieged Paris during the Franco-Prussian war of 1870, and The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals. In his lifetime, his only original work was his thesis, On the Osteology of the Hyopotamidae, in which he "documented the most famous evolutionary story of all",[7] the transformation of a small ancestor with many toes into the large, single-toed modern horse. He also identified the primary basis for this transformation, which was a shift in their environment from eating leaves in the woodlands and marshes to grazing grass on the open plains.

Return to Russia and suicide

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1952 Soviet Stamp of Vladimir Kovalevsky[8]

Kovalevsky returned with his wife to Russia by 1878,[9] with the hopes of becoming a professor of paleontology,[9] which he was unable to attain in Europe.[9] In October, they had a child by the name of Sofya, who they called "Foufie".[9] However, the teaching job did not come through.[9] Kovalevsky subsequently entered a bad business situation which led to his disgrace.[9] Humiliated, Kovalevsky committed suicide.

Selected works

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  • Kovalevsky, Vladimir (1873), "On the Osteology of the Hyopotamidae", Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Series I, 163: 19, Bibcode:1873RSPT..163...19K

Further reading

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References

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  1. ^ Cooke, R. (12 November 1984). The Mathematics of Sonya Kovalevsky - R.Cooke. ISBN 9780387960302 – via Google Books.
  2. ^ "Kovalevsky, Aleksandr Onufrievich - Dictionary Definition of Kovalevsky, Aleksandr Onufrievich". www.encyclopedia.com.
  3. ^ "SPSN: St. Petersburg Society of Naturalists". www.spboe.embryo.pu.ru.
  4. ^ Kochina, Pelageya (1985). Love and Mathematics: Sofia Kovalevskaya. Moscow: Mir Publisher.
  5. ^ Darwin, Charles (10 March 1994). A Calendar of Correspondence of Charles Darwin, 1821-1882. ISBN 9780521434232.
  6. ^ Glick, Thomas F. (24 September 1988). The Comparative Reception of Darwinism. ISBN 9780226299778.
  7. ^ Gould, Stephen Jay (October 2011). LEONARDO'S MOUNTAIN OF CLAMS AND THE DIET OF WORMS. ISBN 9780674061637.
  8. ^ "1952 - Vladimir Kovalevsky". www.catawiki.com (forwards to www.lastdodo.com). Retrieved 1 August 2022.
  9. ^ a b c d e f Bruno, Leonard C. (2003) [1999]. Math and mathematicians : the history of math discoveries around the world. Baker, Lawrence W. Detroit, Mich.: U X L. p. 250. ISBN 0787638145. OCLC 41497065.
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