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The United Nations uses three definitions for what constitutes a city, as not all cities in all jurisdictions are classified using the same criteria.[1] Cities may be defined as the cities proper, the extent of their urban area, or their metropolitan regions.[1] The largest city by population using the city proper definition, which is the area under the administrative boundaries of a local government, is Chongqing, China. The largest city by population using the metropolitan area definition, which is a loose term referring to urban area and its primary commuter areas, is Tokyo, Japan. The largest city by population using the urban area definition, which is a loose term referring to a contiguous area with a certain population density, is also Tokyo, Japan.
Common city definitions
[edit]City proper (administrative)
[edit]A city can be defined by its administrative boundaries (city proper). UNICEF[1] defines city proper as "the population living within the administrative boundaries of a city or controlled directly from the city by a single authority." A city proper is a locality defined according to legal or political boundaries and an administratively recognised urban status that is usually characterised by some form of local government.[2][3][4] Cities proper and their boundaries and population data may not include suburbs.[5]
The use of city proper as defined by administrative boundaries may not include suburban areas where an important proportion of the population working or studying in the city lives.[5] Because of this definition, the city proper population figure may differ greatly with the urban area population figure, as many cities are amalgamations of smaller municipalities (Australia), and conversely, many Chinese cities govern territories that extend well beyond the traditional "city proper" into suburban and rural areas.[6] The Chinese municipality of Chongqing, which claims the largest city proper in the world, comprises a huge administrative area of 82,403 km2, around the size of Austria. However, more than 70% of its 30-million population are actually agricultural workers living in a rural setting.[7][8]
Metropolitan area
[edit]A city can be defined by the inhabitants of its demographic population, as by metropolitan area, or labour market area. UNICEF[1] defines metropolitan area as follows:
A formal local government area comprising the urban area as a whole and its primary commuter areas, typically formed around a city with a large concentration of people (i.e., a population of at least 100,000). In addition to the city proper, a metropolitan area includes both the surrounding territory with urban levels of residential density and some additional lower-density areas that are adjacent to and linked to the city (e.g., through frequent transport, road linkages or commuting facilities).
In many countries, metropolitan areas are established either with an official organisation or only for statistical purposes. In the United States, metropolitan statistical area (MSA) is defined by the U.S. Office of Management and Budget (OMB) for statistical purposes.[9] In the Philippines, metropolitan areas have an official agency, such as Metropolitan Manila Development Authority (MMDA) which manages Manila metropolitan area.[10] Similar agencies exist in Indonesia such as Jabodetabekjur Development Cooperation Agency for Jakarta metropolitan area.[11]
Urban area
[edit]A city can be defined as a conditionally contiguous urban area, without regard to territorial or other boundaries inside an urban area. UNICEF[1] defines urban area as follows:
The definition of "urban" varies from country to country, and, with periodic reclassification, can also vary within one country over time, making direct comparisons difficult. An urban area can be defined by one or more of the following: administrative criteria or political boundaries (e.g., area within the jurisdiction of a municipality or town committee), a threshold population size (where the minimum for an urban settlement is typically in the region of 2,000 people, although this varies globally between 200 and 50,000), population density, economic function (e.g., where a significant majority of the population is not primarily engaged in agriculture, or where there is surplus employment) or the presence of urban characteristics (e.g., paved streets, electric lighting, sewerage).
According to Demographia, an urban area is a continuously built up land mass of urban development that is within a labor market (metropolitan area or metropolitan region) and contains no rural land.[12]
List
[edit]There are 81 cities with a population over 5 million people according to the United Nations 2018 estimates. The UN figures are a mixture of city proper, metropolitan area, and urban area. Several cities such as Jakarta and Seoul have significantly larger metropolitan/urban population figures which are excluded on the UN data.[13]
City[a] | Country | Skyline | UN 2018 population estimates[b] | City proper[c] | Metropolitan area[d] | Urban area (Demographia)[12] | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Definition | Population | Area (km2) |
Population | Area (km2) |
Population | Area (km2) |
Coastal or Lacustrine | ||||
Tokyo | Japan | 37,400,068 | Metropolis prefecture | 13,515,271[14] | 2,191[14] | 37,274,000[15] | 13,452[15] | 37,977,000 | 8,230[e] | Yes | |
Delhi | India | 28,514,000 | Capital City | 16,753,235[16] | 1,484 | 29,000,000[17] | 3,483[17] | 29,617,000 | 2,232[f] | No | |
Shanghai | China | 25,582,000 | Municipality | 24,183,000[18] | 6,341 | — | — | 22,120,000 | 4,068[g] | Yes | |
São Paulo | Brazil | 21,650,000 | Municipality | 12,252,023[19] | 1,521 | 21,734,682[20] | 7,947 | 22,046,000 | 3,116[h] | No | |
Mexico City | Mexico | 21,581,000 | City-state | 9,209,944[21] | 1,485 | 21,804,515[21] | 7,866[22] | 20,996,000 | 2,386 | No | |
Cairo | Egypt | 20,076,000 | Urban governorate | 9,500,000[23] | 3,085 | — | — | 19,372,000 | 2,010 | Yes | |
Mumbai | India | 19,980,000 | Municipality | 12,478,447[24] | 603 | 24,400,000[25] | 4,355[26] | 23,355,000 | 944[i] | Yes | |
Beijing | China | 19,618,000 | Municipality | 21,707,000[18] | 16,411 | — | — | 19,433,000 | 4,172 | No | |
Dhaka | Bangladesh | 19,578,000 | Capital city | 8,906,039[27] | 338[28] | 14,543,124[29] | 15,443,000 | 456 | No | ||
Osaka | Japan | 19,281,000 | Designated city | 2,725,006[14] | 225[14] | 19,303,000[15] | 13,228[15] | 14,977,000 | 3,019[j] | Yes | |
New York City | United States | 18,819,000 | City | 8,398,748[30] | 786 | 19,303,808[31] | 17,315 | 20,870,000 | 12,093[k] | Yes | |
Karachi | Pakistan | 15,400,000 | Metropolitan city | 14,910,352[32] | 3,530[33] | 16,051,521[34] | 3,780[35] | 15,400,000 | Yes | ||
Buenos Aires | Argentina | 14,967,000 | Autonomous city | 3,054,300[36] | 203 | 12,806,866[37] | 16,157,000 | 3,221 | Yes | ||
Chongqing | China | 14,838,000 | Municipality | 30,165,500[38] | 82,403 | — | — | 7,739,000 | 1,537 | No | |
Istanbul | Turkey | 14,751,000 | Metropolitan municipality | 15,519,267[39] | 5,196 | — | — | 15,154,000 | 1,375 | Yes | |
Kolkata | India | 14,681,000 | Municipality | 4,496,694[40] | 205 | 14,035,959[41] | 1,851[42] | 17,560,000 | 1,351 | No | |
Manila | Philippines | 13,482,000 | Capital city | 1,780,148[43] | 43 | 12,877,253[43] | 620 | 23,088,000 | 1,873[l] | Yes | |
Lagos | Nigeria | 13,463,000 | —[m] | — | — | 21,000,000[44] | 1,171[44] | 15,279,000 | 1,965 | Yes | |
Rio de Janeiro | Brazil | 13,293,000 | Municipality | 6,520,000[45] | 1,221 | 12,644,321[46] | 5,327 | 12,272,000 | 1,912 | Yes | |
Tianjin | China | 13,215,000 | Municipality | 15,569,000[18] | 11,920 | — | — | 10,800,000 | 2,813 | Yes | |
Kinshasa | DR Congo | 13,171,000 | City-province | 11,462,000[47] | 9,965 | 13,528,000 | 473 | No | |||
Guangzhou | China | 12,638,000 | City (sub-provincial) | 14,498,400[18] | 7,434 | — | — | 20,902,000 | 4,342[n] | Yes | |
Los Angeles | United States | 12,458,000 | City | 3,990,456[30] | 1,214 | 13,291,486[48] | 12,559 | 15,402,000 | 6,351 | Yes | |
Moscow | Russia | 12,410,000 | Federal city | 13,200,000[49] | 2,511[50] | 20,004,462[51] | — | 17,125,000 | 5,891 | No | |
Shenzhen | China | 11,908,000 | City (sub-provincial) | 12,528,300[18] | 2,050 | — | — | 15,929,000 | 1,803 | Yes | |
Lahore | Pakistan | 11,738,000 | Metropolitan city | 11,126,000[32] | 1,772 | 11,021,000 | 853 | No | |||
Bangalore | India | 11,440,000 | Municipality | 8,443,675[52] | 709 | 13,707,000 | 1,205 | No | |||
Paris | France | 10,901,000 | Commune | 2,148,271[53] | 105 | 12,244,807[54] | 11,020,000 | 2,509 | No | ||
Bogotá | Colombia | 10,574,000 | Capital District | 7,963,000[55] | 1,587 | 12,545,272[56] | 5,934 | 9,464,000 | 584 | No | |
Jakarta | Indonesia | 10,517,000 | Special capital region | 10,154,134[57] | 664[57] | 33,430,285[58] | 7,063[58] | 34,540,000 | 3,540[o] | Yes | |
Chennai | India | 10,456,000 | Municipality | 6,727,000[59] | 426[60] | 11,324,000 | 1,049 | Yes | |||
Lima | Peru | 10,391,000 | Metropolitan municipality | 8,894,000[61] | 2,672 | 9,569,468[62] | 2,819 | 9,848,000 | 890 | Yes | |
Bangkok | Thailand | 10,156,000 | Special administrative area | 5,782,000[63] | 1,569 | 16,255,900[64] | 7,762[65] | 17,066,000 | 3,199 | Yes | |
Seoul | South Korea | 9,963,000 | Special city | 9,806,000[66] | 605 | 25,514,000[67] | 11,704 | 21,794,000 | 2,768[p] | Yes | |
Nagoya | Japan | 9,507,000 | Designated city | 2,320,361[14] | 326[14] | 9,363,000[15] | 7,271[15] | 9,113,000 | 3,704 | Yes | |
Hyderabad | India | 9,482,000 | Municipality | 6,993,262[68] | 650[69] | 9,746,000 | 1,273 | No | |||
London | United Kingdom | 9,046,000 | Capital city | 8,825,001[70] | 1,572 | 14,372,596[54] | 10,979,000 | 1,739 | Yes | ||
Tehran | Iran | 8,896,000 | Capital city | 9,033,003[71] | 751[72] | 13,633,000 | 1,704 | No | |||
Chicago | United States | 8,864,000 | City | 2,705,994[30] | 589 | 9,498,716[73] | 18,640 | 9,014,000 | 7,006 | Yes | |
Chengdu | China | 8,813,000 | City (sub-provincial) | 16,044,700[18] | 14,378 | — | — | 11,309,000 | 1,828 | No | |
Nanjing | China | 8,245,000 | City (sub-provincial) | 7,260,000[74] | 6,582 | — | — | 7,496,000 | 1,613 | No | |
Wuhan | China | 8,176,000 | City (sub-provincial) | 10,892,900[18] | 8,494 | — | — | 8,962,000 | 1,646 | No | |
Ho Chi Minh City | Vietnam | 8,145,000 | Municipality | 7,431,000[75] | 2,061 | 13,312,000 | 1,638 | Yes | |||
Luanda | Angola | 7,774,000 | Municipality | 2,165,867[76] | 116[76] | 8,417,000 | 1,023 | Yes | |||
Ahmedabad | India | 7,681,000 | Municipality | 5,570,585[77] | 464 | 6,300,000[78] | 7,410,000 | 359 | No | ||
Kuala Lumpur | Malaysia | 7,564,000 | City | 1,768,000[79] | 243 | 7,200,000[80] | 2,793[80] | 8,285,000 | 2,162 | No | |
Xi'an | China | 7,444,000 | City (sub-provincial) | 8,989,000[18] | 10,135 | — | — | 7,135,000 | 1,088 | Yes | |
Hong Kong | China | 7,429,000 | Special administrative region | 7,298,600[81] | 1,104[82] | — | — | 7,347,000 | 291 | Yes | |
Dongguan | China | 7,360,000 | Prefecture-level city | 8,342,500[18] | 2,465 | — | — | 7,981,000 | 1,755 | Yes | |
Hangzhou | China | 7,236,000 | City (sub-provincial) | 9,468,000[18] | 16,596 | — | — | 6,446,000 | 1,446 | Yes | |
Foshan | China | 7,236,000 | City (sub-provincial) | 7,197,394[18] | 3,848 | — | — | — | — | Yes | |
Shenyang | China | 6,921,000 | City (sub-provincial) | 8,294,000[18] | 12,980 | — | — | 7,105,000 | 1,515[q] | No | |
Riyadh | Saudi Arabia | 6,907,000 | Municipality | 6,694,000[83] | 1,913 | — | — | 6,881,000 | 1,672 | No | |
Baghdad | Iraq | 6,812,000 | Urban governorate | 8,126,755[84] | 5,200[84] | — | — | 5,796,000 | 693 | No | |
Santiago | Chile | 6,680,000 | City (commune) | 236,453[85] | 22[85] | 7,112,808[86] | 15,403[86] | 7,007,000 | 1,148 | No | |
Surat | India | 6,564,000 | Municipality | 4,466,826[87] | 327[87] | 5,807,000 | 238 | Yes | |||
Madrid | Spain | 6,497,000 | Municipality | 3,266,126[88] | 606 | 6,641,649[54] | 6,026,000 | 1,365 | No | ||
Suzhou | China | 6,339,000 | City (sub-provincial) | 10,721,700[18] | 8,488.42 | — | — | 5,250,000 | 1,373 | Yes | |
Pune | India | 6,276,000 | Municipality | 3,124,458[89] | 276 | 7,276,000[90] | 7,256[90] | 7,764,000 | 649 | No | |
Harbin | China | 6,115,000 | City (sub-provincial) | 10,635,971[18] | 53,068 | — | — | 4,458,000 | 670 | No | |
Houston | United States | 6,115,000 | City | 2,325,502[30] | 1,553 | 6,997,384[91] | 21,395[91] | 6,406,000 | 4,930 | Yes | |
Dallas | United States | 6,099,000 | City | 1,345,047[30] | 882 | 7,470,158[92] | 22,463[92] | 6,830,000 | 5,279[r] | No | |
Toronto | Canada | 6,082,000 | City | 2,731,571[93] | 630[94] | 5,928,040[95] | 5,906[95] | 6,871,000 | 2,334 | Yes | |
Dar es Salaam | Tanzania | 6,048,000 | 4,364,541 | 1,393 | 6,698,000 | 604 | Yes | ||||
Miami | United States | 6,036,000 | 470,914[30] | 92.9 | 6,158,824 | 15,890 | 6,144,000 | 3,313 | Yes | ||
Belo Horizonte | Brazil | 5,972,000 | 2,502,557 | 330.9 | 5,156,217 | 9,459.1 | 5,159,000 | 1,288 | No | ||
Singapore | Singapore | 5,792,000 | Country | 5,638,700 | 725.7 | — | — | 5,745,000 | 523 | Yes | |
Philadelphia | United States | 5,695,000 | Consolidated city-county | 1,526,006 | 369.59 | 6,096,120 | 5,684,000 | 5,430 | Yes | ||
Atlanta | United States | 5,572,000 | 420,003 | 354.22 | 5,949,951 | 21,690 | 5,361,000 | 7,400 | No | ||
Fukuoka | Japan | 5,551,000 | Designated city | 1,588,924 | 343.39 | 2,128,000 | 504 | Yes | |||
Khartoum | Sudan | 5,534,000 | 639,598 | 22,142 | 5,274,321 | 7,282,000 | 1,031 | No | |||
Barcelona | Spain | 5,494,000 | Municipality | 1,620,343[96] | 101.4 | 5,474,482[97] | 4,588,000 | 1,072 | Yes | ||
Johannesburg | South Africa | 5,486,000 | Metropolitan municipality | 9,505,000 | 2,542 | No | |||||
Saint Petersburg | Russia | 5,383,000 | Federal city | 5,230,000 | 1,372 | Yes | |||||
Qingdao | China | 5,381,000 | City (sub-provincial) | 5,911,000 | 1,656 | Yes | |||||
Dalian | China | 5,300,000 | City (sub-provincial) | 3,776,000 | 988 | Yes | |||||
Washington, D.C. | United States | 5,207,000 | Federal district | 702,455[30] | 177 | 6,263,245[98] | 17,009 | 7,518,000 | 5,500[s] | Yes | |
Yangon | Myanmar | 5,157,000 | City | 6,314,000 | 603 | Yes | |||||
Alexandria | Egypt | 5,086,000 | Urban governorate | 4,318,000 | 292 | Yes | |||||
Jinan | China | 5,052,000 | City (sub-provincial) | 8,700,000 | 10,244 | — | — | 4,026,000 | 797 | Yes | |
Guadalajara | Mexico | 5,023,000 | Municipality | 1,385,621[21] | 151 | 5,286,642[21] | 3,560[22] | 5,253,000 | 810 | Yes |
See also
[edit]- List of largest cities throughout history
- List of towns and cities with 100,000 or more inhabitants
- Number of urban areas by country
Notes
[edit]- ^ For urban/metropolitan areas that have more than one core city, the figure for their city proper should use either the most populous one (e.g. Dallas for Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex) or the best-known one (e.g. Manila for Metro Manila, instead of Quezon City).
- ^ UN figures for each cities are varied between city proper, metropolitan area, and urban agglomeration.[13]
- ^ Figures taken from official census when possible
- ^ Figures taken from official census when possible
- ^ Includes large areas Tokyo, Kanagawa, Chiba and Saitama prefectures and smaller areas of Gunma, Tochigi and Ibaraki prefectures.
- ^ Includes Faridabad, Ghaziabad, Noida, Gurgaon and Bahadurgarh urban areas and New Delhi.
- ^ Includes Taicang
- ^ Includes Francisco Morato
- ^ Includes Kalyan and urban areas of Panvel, Bhiwandi and Vasai-Virar.
- ^ Includes major cities of Kobe and Kyoto, collectively also known as Keihanshin area.
- ^ Includes Bridgeport, New Haven, Trenton, Danbury, Waterbury and Twin Rivers urban areas.
- ^ The continuous urbanization of Manila extends outward its Metro Manila into other neighbouring provinces such as Bulacan, Cavite, Laguna, Rizal, Pampanga and Batangas provinces.
- ^ Although commonly referred to as a city, Lagos is a metropolitan area consisting of 16 local government areas.
- ^ Includes the city of Foshan.
- ^ Includes Tangerang, South Tangerang, Bogor, Bekasi and Karawang.
- ^ Includes the city of Incheon.
- ^ Includes the city of Fushun.
- ^ Includes the city of Fort Worth, collectively known as Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex.
- ^ Includes the city of Baltimore.
References
[edit]- ^ a b c d e "SOWC-2012-DEFINITIONS". UNICEF. Archived from the original on 8 December 2013. Retrieved 29 January 2014.
- ^ "World Urbanization Prospects: The 2007 Revision Population Database". United Nations. Archived from the original on 22 August 2010. Retrieved 26 July 2010.
- ^ "United Nations Statistics Division – Demographic and Social Statistics". United Nations. Archived from the original on 23 June 2011. Retrieved 26 July 2010.
- ^ Demographic Yearbook 2005, Volume 57. United Nations. 2008. p. 241. ISBN 978-92-1-051099-8. Archived from the original on 2 May 2016.
- ^ a b World Urbanization Prospects: The 2003 Revision. United Nations. 2004. ISBN 92-1-151396-0.
- ^ Alexander, Ruth (29 January 2012). "The world's biggest cities: How do you measure them?". BBC News. Archived from the original on 2 March 2015. Retrieved 16 March 2015.
- ^ Alexander, Ruth (29 January 2012). "Which is the world's biggest city?" – via www.bbc.com.
- ^ Callahan, William A. (12 April 2015). China Dreams: 20 Visions of the Future. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780190235239 – via Google Books.
- ^ Nussle, Jim (20 November 2008). "Update of Statistical Area Definitions and Guidance on Their Uses" (PDF). Office of Management and Budget. pp. 1–2. Archived (PDF) from the original on 21 January 2017.
- ^ http://www.mmda.gov.ph/mmda-about-us.html
- ^ Widyanto, Untung (6 December 2018). "3 Masalah Utama BKSP Jabodetabekjur yang Dipimpin Anies Baswedan". Tempo.
- ^ a b "Demographia World Urban Areas, 15th Annual Edition" (PDF). Demographia. April 2019. Archived from the original (PDF) on 7 February 2020. Retrieved 13 February 2016.
- ^ a b https://population.un.org/wup/Publications/Files/WUP2018-Highlights.pdf
- ^ a b c d e f "Japan: Prefectures and Major Cities - Population Statistics, Maps, Charts, Weather and Web Information".
- ^ a b c d e f "Table 2.10 Population of Three Major Metropolitan Areas" (PDF). Statistics Bureau of Japan. p. 21. Retrieved 26 November 2013.
- ^ "Provisional Population Totals" (PDF). Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation. 2011. Retrieved 4 February 2020.
- ^ a b Sharma, Shantanu Nandan (17 February 2019). "Delhi could be the world's most populous city by 2028. But is it really prepared?" – via The Economic Times.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n "China: Administrative Division (Provinces and Prefectures) - Population Statistics, Charts and Map". www.citypopulation.de.
- ^ "IBGE discloses municipal population estimates for 2019" (in Portuguese). IBGE. Retrieved 6 November 2019.
- ^ "São Paulo (Metropolitan Area, Metropolitan Areas, Brazil) - Population Statistics, Charts, Map and Location". www.citypopulation.de.
- ^ a b c d "Censo de Población y Vivienda 2020 - SCITEL" (in Spanish). INEGI. Retrieved 26 January 2021.
- ^ a b "Delimitation of Mexico's Metropolitan Areas 2015" (in Spanish). CONAPO. Retrieved 29 December 2020.
- ^ "الجهاز المركزي للتعبئة العامة والإحصاء". www.capmas.gov.eg. Archived from the original on 1 October 2018. Retrieved 27 October 2018.
- ^ "Maharashtra (India): Districts, Cities, Towns and Outgrowth Wards – Population Statistics in Maps and Charts". Archived from the original on 6 October 2014.
- ^ "Comprehensive Mobility Plan (CMP) for Greater Mumbai" (PDF). portal.mcgm.gov.in. Retrieved 12 March 2020.
- ^ "Mumbai Metropolitan Region Development Authority - About MMR". mmrda.maharashtra.gov.in.
- ^ "Population & Housing Census-2011" (PDF). Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics. p. 41. Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 December 2015. Retrieved 15 December 2015.
- ^ Brinkhoff, Thomas. "Bangladesh: Districts and Cities". CityPopulation. Retrieved 20 October 2015.
- ^ "Dhaka (Bangladesh): City Districts and Subdistricts - Population Statistics, Charts and Map". www.citypopulation.de.
- ^ a b c d e f g "Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for Incorporated Places of 50,000 or More, Ranked by 1 July 2018 Population: 1 April 2010 to 1 July 2018". United States Census Bureau, Population Division. Archived from the original on 13 February 2020. Retrieved 23 May 2019.
- ^ "New York - Newark - Jersey City (Metropolitan Statistical Area, Metropolitan Areas, USA) - Population Statistics, Charts, Map and Location". www.citypopulation.de.
- ^ a b Pakistan Bureau of Statistics. "Population of Major Cities - Census 2017" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 29 August 2017.
- ^ "Many countries have two or more capital cities: How about designating Karachi as Pakistan's second capital?". The News International. 13 September 2019.
- ^ "DISTRICT WISE CENSUS RESULTS CENSUS 2017" (PDF). www.pbscensus.gov.pk. Archived from the original (PDF) on 29 August 2017. Retrieved 3 September 2017.
- ^ "City District Karachi at a glance | Pakistan Bureau of Statistics". www.pbs.gov.pk.
- ^ "Argentina: Provinces and Agglomerations". citypopulation.de. Retrieved 20 October 2015.
- ^ "Región Metropolitana" (PDF). National Institute of Statistics and Census of Argentina. 2015. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
- ^ 2015年重庆常住人口3016.55万人 继续保持增长态势 [In 2015, Chongqing's resident population of 30,165,500 people continued to grow] (in Chinese). Chongqing News. 28 January 2016. Archived from the original on 29 January 2016. Retrieved 13 February 2016.
- ^ "The Results of Address Based Population Registration System, 2017". Turkish Statistical Institute. 1 February 2018. Retrieved 1 February 2018.
- ^ "Kolkata (West Bengal, India) - Population Statistics and Location in Maps and Charts - City Population". Citypopulation.de. Retrieved 19 July 2016.
- ^ "Responses to Information Requests - Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada". www.justice.gov. Retrieved 12 March 2020.
- ^ "..::Kolkata Metropolitan Development Authority::." kmdaonline.org.
- ^ a b Census of Population (2015). "National Capital Region (NCR)". Total Population by Province, City, Municipality and Barangay. Philippine Statistics Authority. Retrieved 20 June 2016.
- ^ a b "Metro Lagos (Nigeria): Local Government Areas - Population Statistics, Charts and Map". www.citypopulation.de.
- ^ "IBGE divulga as estimativas populacionais dos municípios em 2016" (in Portuguese). IBGE. Retrieved 12 December 2016.
- ^ "Rio de Janeiro (Metropolitan Area, Metropolitan Areas, Brazil) - Population Statistics, Charts, Map and Location". www.citypopulation.de.
- ^ "Evenements: "Avec une population de 9,5 millions, Kinshasa est la troisième plus grande ville sur le continent africain, de taille égale à Johannesburg. Le Kinois (habitants de Kinshasa) sont connus pour leur sens de l'humour, leur musique et leur amour pour la danse."(2013)". Ville de Kinshasa. Archived from the original on 27 October 2001. Retrieved 27 October 2001.
- ^ "Los Angeles - Long Beach - Anaheim (Metropolitan Statistical Area, Metropolitan Areas, USA) - Population Statistics, Charts, Map and Location". www.citypopulation.de.
- ^ "RUSSIA: Moscow".
- ^ "Ministry of Economic Development of the Russian Federation. Federal Registration, Cadastre&Cartography Service. Russia Landuse National Report 2008, p.187-188 (in Russian)" (PDF). Retrieved 5 October 2014.
- ^ Moscow metropolitan area
- ^ "Provisional Population Totals, Census of India 2011; Cities having population 1 lakh and above" (PDF). Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India. Archived from the original (PDF) on 7 May 2012. Retrieved 26 March 2012.
- ^ "INSEE official estimated population by department and region as of 1 January 2019". 22 January 2019. Archived from the original on 21 April 2017. Retrieved 4 April 2017.
- ^ a b c "Metropolitan Area Populations". Eurostat. 18 June 2019. Retrieved 4 December 2019.
- ^ "Estimaciones y proyecciones de hogares y viviendas". DANE (2014). Archived from the original on 2 February 2016.
- ^ https://www.dane.gov.co/index.php/estadisticas-por-tema/demografia-y-poblacion/proyecciones-de-poblacion
- ^ a b Indonesia: Administrative Division. "Regencies, Cities and Districts – Population Statistics, Charts and Map". www.citypopulation.de. Retrieved 14 January 2016.
- ^ a b "Jabodetabekpunjur". perkotaan.bpiw.pu.go.id. Ministry of Public Works and People's Housing. Retrieved 22 February 2020.
- ^ "Chennai: India Smart Cities Challenge". Official website of Smart Cities Challenge, India. Retrieved 19 July 2016.[permanent dead link ]
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External links
[edit]- UNSD Demographics Statistics – City population by sex, city and city type
- Nordpil World Database of Large Urban Areas, 1950–2050
Category:Cities-related lists of superlatives Category:Lists of cities (worldwide) by population Category:Urban geography Category:Largest things