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New Jersey Colony

The New Jersey has been through the hands of many European countries before it became a state. The first European to come to New Jersey was Verrazano. Then Hudson sailed up the Hudson River which was named after him. The Dutch made a claim based on Hudson's voyage. The Dutch mostly settled in New York State but had a few trading posts in New Jersey to support their fur trade which had brought them there in the first place. The Swedish had also set up a colony in southern New Jersey so that they could get into the fur trade and grow tobacco. The Dutch saw the Swedish as a threat to their fur trade and soon took over the Swedish colony. Later the English took over all of Holland's possessions in America as they were wedged between New England and Virginia. The land was split into West and East Jersey. The land was sold at low prices and allowed the colonies settlers political and religious freedom. This attracted many settlers from other colonies and England to buy land. The land in New Jersey was very good for farming as the soil is fertile. The colonists of New Jersey were from all over Europe. The relations with Natives were peaceful as the Lenape did not like fighting and they moved out when the settlers moved in. The Colony was governed by a governor and the crown. The crown had taken control of New Jersey for the important space it occupies and the fertile soil that allowed agriculture which steers the economy along with fur trade. The weather was better for growing than New England which made it an agricultural power. The West Jersey wilderness made the population sparse in West Jersey. New Jersey would go on to becoming a crossroads between the north and south which made it important in the Revolutionary War along with the location New Jersey between New York and Philadelphia.

Education

Nassau Hall at Princeton was one of the new colleges that had been created during the Colonial era. The person who adequately built this magnificent structure was a man who went by the name Robert Smith, who was also the lead architect of Philadelphia. For the repairs of the Nassau Hall in 1802, Princeton, New Jersey, a man named Benjamin Henry Latrobe was the lead Architect in the process of repairing the building. However in 1855 the building was burned greatly after a horrific fire that distinguished most of the building, John Notman the architect then started to rebuild the building. Till Today Nassau Hall still stands at Princeton, the building is very old, but for the most part students don’t realize how much history lies behind this magnificent building. Princeton is still one of the most prestigious schools in America. Despite this, most people during this era did not go to school anyway as it was costly.

Housing & Architecture

In the colonial period the most common homes were called palisade home. thesEducatione consisted of tree trunks that were to be split and driven into the ground as close together as possible. the outer walls were formed to be bolted to an inner frame made of similar split and ax-hewn tree trunks the walls were filled with clay or sod to keep out the wind and rain the roof was made up of shingles from split wood glass was then imported from England for the windows and other important items since it was hard to make and find in their new home, however the wealthy were the ones who asked for the glass since the others did not have enough money to afford glass. For the poor the windows were covered with oiled paper, and because of this mosquitos in swarms came which caused many illnesses and brought death to some of the settlers. Usually the homes would not have carpets, and due to how much money they costed. And even fewer homes were able to have curtains or even wallpaper. If the colonists wanted to bathe they did it without a tub. Before the colonists the native tribes had lived in unique homes. The Lenni-Lenape Tribe Lived in the region between Delaware river and the Atlantic Ocean. They built their homes from the trees and grasses that grew nearby. They lived in villages made up of round wigwams (A wigwam is a dome-shaped hut or tent made by fastening mats, skins, or bark over a framework of poles) The other type of native house was a longhouse which consisted of a wooden, bark-covered framework often as much as 100 feet in length. In the wigwams they had vents in the top of the house for smoke to escape. There lived from 50 to 200 people within each village

Culture

New Jersey had many different people and not every one was equal. The colony was hard working and did not have too much time passes besides reading. The farm needed much more worker which is why they brought in slaves. New Jersey was definitely a ‘slave town’. Slavery was greatly encouraged throughout Jersey from the start. The men who founded the New Jersey colony, Berkeley and Carter, declared to every new settler that every full grown male slave they brought the settler would get 150 acres of land and for every child slave they brought the settlers would get 75 acres of land. For royal backing the colony grew up with a direct trade route with Africa. Since there was no room for the slaves the ‘barracks’ were made. The ‘barracks’ were building or group of buildings used to house large numbers of people. The man who created the ‘barracks’ was named Perth Amboy, he used the ‘barracks’ to house the Africans until they were to be sold and dispersed to different farms. Having slaves would create definite tension in the future because this would lead to many conflicts leading to a possible war. However slavery backfired in the early 1700’s when their were many conflicts going on with slavery, and in 1750 slavery was then denounced, and if someone wanted to still have slaves their good standing in the church would be deceased. However nobody saw that owning the Indians or Africans as slaves was bad. In 1704 in Burlington a meeting was assembled to create a bill that regulate the treatment of slaves and it included Indians as well as the Africans. There were also indentured servants who were European immigrants who gained passage to American Colonies by selling themselves to pay back the shipping company which had advanced the cost of the voyage to getting into the new world. The indentured servants would only work for a couple of years compared to a slave were they would work for their whole life. The Quakers were a religious group who lived along the Delaware. They had very strict laws in most aspects. They forbid one of their faith to marry a Presbyterian or a Baptist or an Episcopalian. Quakers must marry Quakers. When this happened land estates grew and an aristocratic, plantation-owning class developed. The Lenni-Lenape identified the families through clans, which are groups of related families. Everyone belongs to some clan from either their mother or their father. Remarkably women held almost all Lenni-Lenape property and owned all clan lands. When women gets married to a man the husband would move into a longhouse or wigwam with his wife’s family. When the ceremony during a wedding declares that each family will be joined, and because of this women from the same clan stay together across many generations. Remarkably women played a vital role in Lenni-Lenape society.

Growth & Expansion

New Jersey was one of the fastest colonies to grow most likely it was because the settlers and the Indians were fine on their own not bothering each which had caused no conflicts that would lead to war. The Lenni-Lenape compared to New York tribes were less ‘warlike’ as it has been said, while the Iroquois tribes in New York loved to cause mayhem. The New Jersey Colony did not want to cause war or interrupt the Indians civilization so they wanted to create peace. This allowed for the population boom in New Jersey. Nevertheless there were never conflicts but surely there were many disagreements but usually they were solved one way or another, an example of a disagreement amongst the Indians and the white men was land. Land was a great need for survival, when the white men showed up buying the land from the Indians the men had thought after buying the land that everything that grows, swims, or flows is all theirs, although the Indians thought differently. The Indians believed after the white men buying the land that they were allowed to be on the land gathering items to help them grow and survive in which caused many disagreements with the white settlers. But after a wonderful speech was made from a brave chief the disagreement was for the most part resolved. After everything was settled the colonists divided the land, divided into three categories, 1st was the ‘town lots’ which was the site of the future village, 2nd was a meadow or marsh land where the animals were stored (lived), 3rd was the ‘upland’ where there were lots for planting wheat, rye, and corn. East Jersey gradually split land into smaller and smaller holdings. People bought too much land, the leftover tracts were called ‘common land’. West Jersey's land estates became larger. The land that was left over became the ‘upland’ where the acres were farther apart. The colonists used horses to go places and or go by foot to their land. When the land became a nuisance usually the family (father) would dispose of the ‘townlot’ property and move out of the field acres , building there mid-1680’s there became a new term ‘farm’. The towns would remain however they became less and less the collection of ‘home lots’ and they remained ever since, in which they became centers of business and trade.

History

The land of New Jersey was first inhabited by the Lenni-Lenape Tribe for many hundreds of years before the Europeans came. The Lenape territory consisted of most of the Mid-Atlantic. They were very close to their families and often many generations of people would live in one house. In 1524, Verrazano had sailed into the New York harbor being the first European to do so. Henry Hudson, working for the Dutch tried to find a route to Asia but instead found the Hudson River, named after him. The Dutch made the first claim on New Jersey based on Hudson's visit. The Swedish also made a claim along the mouth of the Delaware River. This was soon taken over by the Dutch who held on this area until the takeover by England in 1663. Bergen was the only real settlement in New Jersey until the English started colonizing the region. in the late 17th century the population of New Jersey was higher than the population of New York and Pennsylvania. Most of New Jersey stayed neutral during the Revolutionary war as the majority Quaker population were against war. The colony then became a state when the US was created.

Resources

Cook, Fred J. The New Jersey Colony. New York: Crowell-Collier, 1969. Print.

Cunningham, John T. Colonial New Jersey. New York: T. Nelson, 1971. Print

"COLONIAL GOVERNMENT." COLONIAL GOVERNMENT. N.p., n.d. Web. 04 Oct. 2015.

"Hangout - Assignment New Jersey - A Short History of New Jersey - Colonial Times." Hangout - Assignment New Jersey - A Short History of New Jersey - Colonial Times. N.p., n.d. Web. 04 Oct. 2015.