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Symphyotrichum genus
Some Symphyotrichum species left–right, top–bottom: S. carnerosanum (light purple rays with yellow centers), S. chilense (long bright purple rays with yellow centers), S. adnatum (short light purple rays with brownish-yellow centers), S. lateriflorum (very short white rays with yellow and bright pink centers), S. concolor (bright purple rays with pale yellow centers), S. ericoides (short white rays with yellow centers), S. defoliatum (medium-length bright light purple rays with bright yellow centers), S. ciliatum (no rays with bright yellow centers and many green bracts surrounding the flower heads), and S. novae-angliae (very bright and strong purple rays with yellow centers).
Some Symphyotrichum species left–right, top–bottom are shown: S. carnerosanum, S. chilense, S. adnatum, S. lateriflorum, S. concolor, S. ericoides, S. defoliatum, S. ciliatum, S. novae-angliae.
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Asterales
Family: Asteraceae
Subfamily: Asteroideae
Tribe: Astereae
Subtribe: Symphyotrichinae
Genus: Symphyotrichum

Symphyotrichum is a genus of flowering plants in the tribe Astereae which includes the commonly cultivated New York aster (S. novi-belgii) and New England aster (S. novae-angliae), among many others native from subarctic North America to Chile, Argentina, and the Falkland Islands, including one into eastern Eurasia. It is the type genus of subtribe Symphyotrichinae.[1]

Most of the species in the genus are perennials and have flower heads with white, pink, purple, or blue ray florets surrounding white to yellow disk florets. The disk floret corollas become pink, purple, or brown after pollination. The three species in section Conyzopsis have reduced or absent ray florets.[2]

There are 96 species, some with varieties, and twelve named hybrids which are split into five subgenera: Chapmaniana, Astropolium, Virgulus, Ascendentes, and Symphyotrichum. Most of the species had been classified within the genus Aster until it was confirmed to be polyphyletic. The American asters now are separated into monophyletic genera based on multiple phylogenetic studies.

Conventions

[edit]
NatureServe conservation categories
  • NatureServe conservation categories
    Conservation status
     GX Presumed Extinct (0 species)
     GH Possibly Extinct (0 species)
     G1 Critically Imperiled (3 species)
     G2 Imperiled (9 species)
     G3 Vulnerable (7 species)
     G4 Apparently Secure (21 species)
     G5 Secure (35 species)
    Other categories
     GNA Not Applicable (8 species)
     GNR Not Ranked (0 species)
     NL Not listed (25 species)

Conservation status codes follow the NatureServe conservation (NS) rounded global status scheme. Hybrids have a column for parents in place of conservation status. Not listed (NL) is not a NatureServe category but is used to represent those left out of global status rankings up to G5 (including GNA in the key) and those not in NatureServe. Type species for each clade are in a separate table.

Legend
Scientific name
and picture 		Author citation Basionym Year Common name(s) [and subspecies or varieties] NS Habitat Distribution
Abbreviated scientific name with link to the species article (hybrids do not have their own articles), with a picture, if available Author citation Basionym Year of the original species description Common name(s) and subspecies or varieties, if applicable NatureServe conservation status Habitat Distribution map

Classification

[edit]

Classification of Symphyotrichum

[edit]

Subtribe Symphyotrichinae contains six genera. In addition to Symphyotrichum, these are Almutaster, Ampelaster, Canadanthus, Psilactis,[3] and Sanrobertia,[4] with Symphyotrichum being the largest at 96 species and twelve named hybrids. The cladogram presented here for the subtribe is based on a combination of molecular and morphological data reported in multiple studies.[3][4][5]

Astereae 
Symphyotrichinae 
    

Canadanthus[ref 1]: 818 

    

Ampelaster[ref 1]: 818 

    

Sanrobertia[ref 2]: 1 

Almutaster[ref 1]: 818 

Psilactis[ref 1]: 818 

     

Symphyotrichum[ref 1]: 818 

(other subtribes)

 

Cladogram references
  1. ^ a b c d e Morgan, D.R.; Holland, B. (2012). "Systematics of Symphyotrichinae (Asteraceae: Astereae): Disagreements Between Two Nuclear Regions Suggest a Complex Evolutionary History". Systematic Botany. 37 (3). American Society of Plant Taxonomists: 818–832. doi:10.1600/036364412X648760. JSTOR 41515169. S2CID 84007309.
  2. ^ Nesom, G.L. (2018). "Aster gypsophilus (Asteraceae) Segregated as the Monotypic Genus Sanrobertia" (PDF). Phytoneuron. 2018 (25). Fort Worth, Texas: 1–8. ISSN 2153-733X. Retrieved 25 November 2020.

Classification within Symphyotrichum

[edit]

Most of the species had been classified within the genus Aster until it was confirmed to be polyphyletic. The American asters were then separated based on morphological characteristics and phylogenetic studies.[6][7] S. novae-angliae and S. turbinellum are monotypic within sections. S. novae-angliae is classified in the subgenus Virgulus. In 1994, it was placed in section Grandiflori, subsection Polyligulae.[8] In 2002, it was segregated within its own section Polyliguli.[9] The list follows the 2002 circumscription of section Polyliguli for the species. S. turbinellum is classified in the subgenus Symphyotrichum. It has been placed within its own section Turbinelli.[9] It was previously placed in section Symphyotrichum, subsection Turbinelli.[10] The list follows the more recent circumscription of section Turbinelli for the species.


Clades

  • Symphyotrichum subg. Chapmaniana (Semple) Semple[9]
  • Symphyotrichum subg. Astropolium (Nutt.) Semple[9]
  • Symphyotrichum subg. Virgulus (Raf.) G.L.Nesom[11]
    • sect. Ericoidei (Torr. & A.Gray) G.L.Nesom[12]
    • sect. Patentes (Torr. & A.Gray) G.L.Nesom[12]
      • subsect. Brachyphylli (Torr. & A.Gray) G.L.Nesom[12]
      • subsect. Patentes[12]
    • sect. Grandiflori (Torr. & A.Gray) G.L.Nesom[8]
      • subsect. Mexicanae G.L.Nesom[8]
      • subsect. Grandiflori (Torr. & A.Gray) G.L.Nesom[8]
    • sect. Polyliguli (Semple & Brouillet) Semple[9]
    • sect. Concolores (Torr. & A.Gray) G.L.Nesom[13]
  • Symphyotrichum subg. Ascendentes (Rydb.) Semple[9]
  • Symphyotrichum subg. Symphyotrichum[14]
    • sect. Conyzopsis (Torr. & A.Gray) G.L.Nesom[15]
    • sect. Occidentales (Rydb.) G.L.Nesom[15]
    • sect. Turbinelli (Rydb.) Semple[9]
    • sect. Symphyotrichum[14]
      • subsect. Dumosi (Torr. & A.Gray) G.L.Nesom[10]
      • subsect. Heterophylli (Nees) Semple[9]
      • subsect. Porteriani (Rydb.) G.L.Nesom[16]
      • subsect. Symphyotrichum
        • series Punicei (House) Semple[9]
        • series Symphyotrichum
Type species
Taxonomic rank Clade Type species Source
Genus Symphyotrichum S. novi-belgii
Subgenus Chapmaniana S. chapmanii [9]
Subgenus Astropolium S. tenuifolium [9]
Subgenus Virgulus S. concolor [11]
Section Ericoidei S. ericoides [12]
Section Patentes S. patens [12]
Subsection Brachyphylli S. walteri [12]
Subsection Patentes S. patens [12]
Section Grandiflori S. grandiflorum [8]
Subsection Mexicanae S. moranense [8]
Subsection Grandiflori S. grandiflorum [8]
Section Polyliguli S. novae-angliae [9]
Section Concolores S. concolor [13]
Subgenus Ascendentes S. ascendens [9]
Subgenus Symphyotrichum S. novi-belgii [14]
Section Conyzopsis S. ciliatum [15]
Section Occidentales S. spathulatum [15]
Section Turbinelli S. turbinellum [9]
Section Symphyotrichum S. novi-belgii [14]
Subsection Dumosi S. dumosum [10]
Subsection Heterophylli S. cordifolium [9]
Series Concinni S. laeve [9]
Series Cordifolii S. cordifolium [9]
Subsection Porteriani S. porteri [16]
Subsection Symphyotrichum S. novi-belgii
Series Punicei S. puniceum [9]
Series Symphyotrichum S. novi-belgii
Species classifications


Species list

[edit]

Subgenus Chapmaniana

[edit]
Subgenus Chapmaniana (Semple) Semple[9] – one species
Scientific name
and picture 		Author citation
[17] 		Basionym
[18] 		Year
[18] 		Common name(s)
[19] 		NS
[20] 		Habitat
[19] 		Distribution
S. chapmanii
S. chapmanii
Photo of a flower head of S. chapmanii taken 24 November 2015 in Apalachicola National Forest, Florida.
 (Torr. & A.Gray)
Semple & Brouillet 		Aster chapmanii 1841 Savanna aster  G2  Wetlands, bogs, acid swamps
0–30 m (0–100 ft)
Map of Alabama and Florida with counties of distribution of Symphyotrichum chapmanii shaded in green
Symphyotrichum chapmanii native distribution: Primarily the Apalachicola River drainage basin. Alabama counties — Geneva and Houston; Florida counties — Alachua, Bay, Calhoun, Franklin, Gulf, Jackson, Liberty, Okaloosa, Santa Rosa, St. Lucie, Wakulla, Walton, and Washington.
[21]

Subgenus Astropolium

[edit]
Subgenus Astropolium (Nutt.) Semple[9] – ten species
Scientific name
and picture 		Author citation
[17] 		Basionym
[18] 		Year
[18] 		Common name(s) and varieties NS
[20] 		Habitat Distribution
[17]
S. glabrifolium
S. glabrifolium
Details from an image of Aster glabrifolius herbarium specimen 01704961 stored at the National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution. Collected 25 December 1928, Nahuel Huapi Lake, Río Negro Province, Argentina, Cerro Vicente Lopez at 1300 meters.
 (DC.)
G.L.Nesom 		Erigeron glabrifolius 1836  NL  Wet meadows and stream edges
1,500–2,400 m (4,920–7,870 ft)[22]
Symphyotrichum glabrifolium native distribution map
Symphyotrichum glabrifolium native distribution: Argentine provinces — Mendoza, Neuquén, Río Negro, and Santa Cruz; and central and south Chile.
[22]
S. graminifolium
S. graminifolium
Inflorescence from Aster squamatus var. graminifolius herbarium specimen L3030201. Collected in Ypacaray, Paraguay, 1 April 1913 by E. Hassler and stored at the Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
 (Spreng.)
G.L.Nesom 		Conyza graminifolia 1826  NL  Humid places[23]
Symphyotrichum graminifolium distribution map
Symphyotrichum graminifolium native distribution: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay, and Uruguay.
S. martii
S. martii
Crop from an image of the Aster martii holotype specimen, collected at the throat of the Vacaria River, Minas Gerais, Brazil, n.d.
 (Baker)
G.L.Nesom 		Aster martii 1882  NL  Cerrado savanna, grasslands[24]
Symphyotrichum martii distribution map
Symphyotrichum martii native distribution: Brazil — Minas Gerais.
[24]
S. patagonicum
 (Cabrera)
G.L.Nesom 		Aster patagonicus 1971  NL  Mallines and lagoon edges
500–2,500 m (1,640–8,200 ft)[25]
Symphyotrichum patagonicum distribution map
Symphyotrichum patagonicum native distribution: Argentine provinces – Chubut, Mendoza, Neuquén, and Santa Cruz.
[25]
S. peteroanum
S. peteroanum
Details from a Symphyotrichum peteroanum herbarium specimen (as Aster vahlii var. latifolius). Chile, Province Biobio in the Sierra de Polcura, 1 February 1972.
 (Phil.)
G.L.Nesom 		Aster peteroanus 1894  NL  Humid montane ecosystems
1,000–2,200 m (3,280–7,220 ft)[26]
Symphyotrichum peteroanum native distribution map
Symphyotrichum peteroanum native distribution: Subantarctic mountains of Argentina and Chile.
[26]
S. potosinum
S. potosinum
Details from a Symphyotrichum potosinum herbarium specimen stored at Deaver Herbarium, Northern Arizona University. Collected 11 June 2016, Garden Canyon, Fort Huachuca, Huachuca Mountains, Cochise County, Arizona, at 6050 ft.
 (A.Gray)
G.L.Nesom 		Aster potosinus 1880 Santa Rita Mountain aster[19]  G2  Muddy and wet soils on stream banks
1,500–1,900 m (4,920–6,230 ft)[19]
Symphyotrichum potosinum distribution map
Symphyotrichum potosinum native distribution: Huachuca Mountains in Cochise County, Arizona; Mexican states of Aguascalientes, Chihuahua, Durango, Guanajuato, Guerrero, Hidalgo, Jalisco, México, Michoacan, Oaxaca, Puebla, San Luis Potosí, Sonora, Veracruz, and Zacatecas.
[20][27]
S. regnellii
S. regnelli
Details of a Symphyotrichum regnelli herbarium specimen held at the New York Botanical Garden, collected 10 March 2001, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
 (Baker)
G.L.Nesom 		Aster regnellii 1882  NL  Swamps or damp savanna soils[26]
Symphyotrichum regnellii distribution map
Symphyotrichum regnellii native distribution: Argentine provinces — Corrientes and Misiones; west-central, southeast, and south Brazil.
[26][17]
S. subulatum
S. subulatum
Photograph of Symphyotrichum subulatum taken 10 November 2018 in Bell County, Texas.
 (Michx.)
G.L.Nesom 		Aster subulatus 1803
  • Annual saltmarsh aster
  • Eastern annual saltmarsh aster[19]

Five varieties[28]
  • S. s. var. subulatum
  • S. s. var. elongatum (Bahaman aster)
  • S. s. var. ligulatum (southern annual saltmarsh aster)
  • S. s. var. parviflorum (southwestern annual saltmarsh aster)
  • S. s. var. squamatum (southeastern annual saltmarsh aster)
 G5  Marshes, salt marshes, roadsides, lawns
0–4,000 m (0–13,120 ft)[28]
Symphyotrichum subulatum distribution map
Symphyotrichum subulatum native distribution: Argentina; Bahamas; Belize; Bolivia; Brazil; Canada — New Brunswick and Ontario; Chile; Colombia; Costa Rica; Cuba; Dominican Republic; Ecuador; Guatemala; Haiti; Honduras; Jamaica; Mexico; Nicaragua; Paraguay; Peru; Uruguay; US — Alabama, Arizona, Arkansas, California, Connecticut, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Mississippi, Nebraska, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, and Virginia; and, Venezuela. Also introduced worldwide.
S. tenuifolium
S. tenuifolium
Photo of Symphyotrichum tenuifolium taken 31 August 2019 in New York, US.
 (L.)
G.L.Nesom 		Aster tenuifolius 1753 Perennial saltmarsh aster[19]

Two varieties[29]
  • S. t. var. tenuifolium
  • S. t. var. aphyllum (Brace’s aster)
 G5  Coastal salt marshes, brackish marshes, low pine woods
0–10 m (0–30 ft)[29]
Symphyotrichum tenuifolium distribution map
Symphyotrichum tenuifolium distribution: Bahamas, Cuba, and US (Alabama, Connecticut, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Mississippi, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Rhode Island, South Carolina, Texas, and Virginia).
S. vahlii
S. vahlii
Photograph of Symphyotrichum vahlii taken 14 January 2019 at East Falkland, Falkland Islands.
 (Gaudich.)
G.L.Nesom 		Erigeron vahlii 1825
  • Margarita
  • Marsh daisy[30]

Two varieties[17]
  • S. v. var. vahlii
  • S. v. var. tenuifolium
 NL  Grassland, heathland, peaty soil, sandy soil
20–1,200 m (70–3,940 ft)[31]
Symphyotrichum vahlii distribution map
Symphyotrichum vahlii native distribution: South Argentina, Bolivia, central and south Chile, and Falkland Islands (UK).

Subgenus Virgulus

[edit]

Subgenus Virgulus (Raf.) G.L.Nesom[11]

Section Ericoidei

[edit]
Section Ericoidei (Torr. & A.Gray) G.L.Nesom[12] – two species
Scientific name
and picture 		Author citation
[17] 		Basionym
[18] 		Year
[18] 		Common name(s) and varieties
[19] 		NS
[20] 		Habitat Distribution
S. ericoides
S. ericoides
Photo of inflorescence of Symphyotrichum ericoides taken 12 September 2017 in Green Lake County, Wisconsin, US.
 (L.)
G.L.Nesom 		Aster ericoides 1753 White heath aster

Two varieties[17]
  • S. e. var. ericoides
  • S. e. var. pansum
 G5  Open locations with sandy, gravelly, or disturbed soil
30–2,400 m (100–7,870 ft)[32]
Symphyotrichum ericoides distribution map
Symphyotrichum ericoides native distribution: Canada — Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, Northwest Territories, Ontario, Québec, and Saskatchewan; Mexico — Coahuila and Nuevo León; US — Arizona, Arkansas, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, District of Columbia, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Dakota, Texas, Utah, Vermont, Virginia, Washington, West Virginia, Wisconsin, and Wyoming.
[17][33]
S. falcatum
S. falcatum
Photo of flower head of Symphyotrichum falcatum taken 2 September 2008 in Bozeman, Montana, US.
 (Lindl.)
G.L.Nesom 		Aster falcatus 1834
  • Western heath aster
  • White prairie aster

Two varieties[17]
  • S. f. var. falcatum
  • S. f. var. commutatum
 G5  Well-drained soils, stream banks and slopes, and others
200–2,500 m (660–8,200 ft)[32]
Symphyotrichum falcatum distribution map
Symphyotrichum falcatum native distribution: Canada — Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, Northwest Territories, Ontario, Saskatchewan, and Yukon; Mexico — Chihuahua, Coahuila, Durango, Jalisco, Nuevo León, and Sonora; US — Alaska, Arizona, Colorado, Idaho, Illinois, Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, New Mexico, North Dakota, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Texas, Utah, Wisconsin, and Wyoming.
[17][34]

Section Patentes

[edit]

Section Patentes (Torr. & A.Gray) G.L.Nesom[12]

Subsection Brachyphylli
[edit]
Subsection Brachyphylli (Torr. & A.Gray) G.L.Nesom[12] – two species
Scientific name
and picture 		Author citation
[17] 		Basionym
[18] 		Year
[18] 		Common name(s)
[19] 		NS
[20] 		Habitat
[19] 		Distribution
[17]
S. adnatum
S. adnatum
Photo of an inflorescence of Symphyotrichum adnatum taken 25 November 2019 in Punta Gorda, Florida, US.
 (Nutt.)
G.L.Nesom 		Aster adnatus 1834 Scaleleaf aster  G4  Sandy soils, scrub, woods
0–100 m (0–330 ft)
Symphyotrichum adnatum distribution map
Symphyotrichum adnatum native distribution: Bahamas and US (Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, and Mississippi).
S. walteri
S. walteri
Photo of Symphyotrichum walteri taken 21 December 2019 in Orange County, Florida, US.
 (Alexander)
G.L.Nesom 		Aster walteri 1933 Walter's aster  G4  Sandy and clay soils, woods edges, open areas
0–100 m (0–330 ft)
Symphyotrichum walteri distribution map
Symphyotrichum walteri native distribution: US — Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina.
Subsection Patentes
[edit]
Subsection Patentes – three species
Scientific name
and picture 		Author citation
[17] 		Basionym
[18] 		Year
[18] 		Common name(s) and varieties
[19] 		NS
[20] 		Habitat
[19] 		Distribution
[17]
S. georgianum
S. georgianum
Photo of Symphyotrichum georgianum taken 14 October 2008 in Georgia, US.
 (Alexander)
G.L.Nesom 		Aster georgianus 1933 Georgia aster  G3  Sandy or clay soil, woodlands, mostly Piedmont
0–300 m (0–980 ft)
Symphyotrichum georgianum distribution map
Symphyotrichum georgianum native distribution: US — Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina.
S. patens
S. patens
Photo of Symphyotrichum patens taken 20 October 2020 in Polkton, North Carolina, US.
 (Aiton)
G.L.Nesom 		Aster patens 1789
  • Late purple aster
  • Spreading aster

Three varieties[17]
  • S. p. var. patens
  • S. p. var. gracile
  • S. p. var. patentissimum
 G5  Dry woodlands, sandy or clay soils, fields
0–1,000 m (0–3,280 ft)[32]
Symphyotrichum patens distribution map
Distribution of Symphyotrichum patens: US — Alabama, Arkansas, Connecticut, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Mississippi, Missouri, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia.
[17][35]
S. phlogifolium
S. phlogifolium
Photo of Symphyotrichum phlogifolium taken 17 September 2020 in Ohio, US.
 (Muhl. ex Willd.)
G.L.Nesom 		Aster phlogifolius 1803 Thinleaf late purple aster  G5  Various soils, rich mesic hardwood forests
0–1,100 m (0–3,610 ft)
Symphyotrichum phlogifolium distribution map
Symphyotrichum phlogifolium distribution: US — Alabama, Connecticut, Delaware, District of Columbia, Georgia, Indiana, Kentucky, Maryland, Massachusetts, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, and West Virginia.

Section Grandiflori

[edit]

Section Grandiflori (Torr. & A.Gray) G.L.Nesom[8]

Subsection Mexicanae
[edit]
Subsection Mexicanae G.L.Nesom[8] – seven species
Scientific name
and picture 		Author citation
[17] 		Basionym
[18] 		Year
[18] 		Common name(s) NS
[20] 		Habitat Distribution
S. bimater (Standl. & Steyerm.)
G.L.Nesom 		Aster bimater 1944  NL  Pine-oak woods, ravines, slopes, grassy openings
1,000–2,150 m (3,280–7,050 ft)[36]
Symphyotrichum bimater distribution map
Symphyotrichum bimater native distribution: Guatemala; Mexico — Chiapas and Oaxaca.
[36]
S. chihuahuense G.L.Nesom 2018  NL  Grassland, oak-pine woods
1,800–2,500 m (5,910–8,200 ft)[37]
Symphyotrichum chihuahuense distribution map
Symphyotrichum chihuahuense native distribution: Chihuahua and Durango (Mexico).
[37]
S. hintonii
S. hintonii
Details of the inflorescence of a specimen of Symphyotrichum hintonii collected in Guerrero, Mexico, on 21 December 1937.
 (G.L.Nesom)
G.L.Nesom 		Aster hintonii 1989  NL  Oak and oak-pine woods
1,400–2,200 m (4,590–7,220 ft)[38]
Symphyotrichum hintonii distribution map
Symphyotrichum hintonii native distribution: Mexico — Guerrero.
[38]
S. moranense
S. moranense
Photo of a flower head of Symphyotrichum moranense taken 18 December 2020 at Acuitzio, Michoacán, México.
 (Kunth)
G.L.Nesom 		Aster moranensis 1818  NL  Grassland, woodlands
1,000–2,750 m (3,280–9,020 ft)[39]
Symphyotrichum moranense distribution map
Symphyotrichum moranense native distribution: Mexico — Aguascalientes, Chihuahua, Distrito Federal, Durango, Guanajuato, Guerrero, Hidalgo, Jalisco, México, Michoacán, Morelos, Nayarit, Oaxaca, Puebla, Querétaro, San Luis Potosí, Sinaloa, Tlaxcala, Veracruz, and Zacatecas.
[39]
S. purpurascens (Sch.Bip.)
G.L.Nesom 		Aster purpurascens 1854  NL  Open woods
1,500–2,850 m (4,920–9,350 ft)[40]
Symphyotrichum purpurascens distribution map
Symphyotrichum purpurascens native distribution: Guatemala — Huehuetenango Department; Mexico — Chiapas, Distrito Federal, Guanajuato, Guerrero, Hidalgo, México, Nuevo León, Oaxaca, Puebla, San Luis Potosí, Tamaulipas, and Tlaxcala.
[37]
S. trilineatum
S. trilineatum
Inflorescence from an image of a specimen of Symphyotrichum trilineatum (then Aster trilineatus) collected on 23 August 1989 at General Zaragoza, Nuevo León, Mexico.
 (Sch.Bip. ex Klatt)
G.L.Nesom 		Aster trilineatus 1884  NL  Mountains (sierra)[41]
975–2,840 m (3,200–9,320 ft)[42]
Symphyotrichum trilineatum distribution map
Symphyotrichum trilineatum native distribution: Guatemala — Huehuetenango Department and Totonicapán Department; Mexico — Chiapas, Chihuahua, Distrito Federal, Durango, Guanajuato, Guerrero, Hidalgo, México, Michoacán, Nuevo León, Oaxaca, Puebla, San Luis Potosí, Tamaulipas, Tlaxcala, and Veracruz.
[42][17]
S. turneri
S. turneri
Detail of an image of a specimen of Symphyotrichum turneri (at that time Aster moranensis var. turneri) collected on 5 October 1985 at Súchil, Durango, Mexico.
 (S.D.Sundb. & A.G.Jones)
G.L.Nesom 		Aster moranensis var. turneri 1986  NL  Woods, along waterways, and in wet pastures
2,050–2,750 m (6,730–9,020 ft)[38]
Symphyotrichum turneri distribution map
Symphyotrichum turneri native distribution: Mexico — Durango.
[38]
Subsection Grandiflori
[edit]
Subsection Grandiflori (Torr. & A.Gray) G.L.Nesom[8] – eight species
Scientific name
and picture 		Author citation
[17] 		Basionym
[18] 		Year
[18] 		Common name(s)
[19] 		NS
[20] 		Habitat
[19] 		Distribution
[17]
S. campestre
S. campestre 		(Nutt.)
G.L.Nesom 		Aster campestris 1840 Western meadow aster  G5  Dry habitats, rocky and sandy soils near ponds and streams
1,500–2,500 m (4,920–8,200 ft)
Symphyotrichum campestre distribution map
Symphyotrichum campestre native distribution: Canada — Alberta and British Columbia; US — California, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, Oregon, Washington, and Wyoming.
S. estesii Semple[43] 2019[43]
  • May Prairie aster
  • Estes's aster[44]
  G1  Hydroxeric soils in open, sunny, flat prairies
Approx. 330 m (1,070 ft)[a][45] 		May Prairie State
Natural Area
Coffee County,
Tennessee (US)[44]
Map of the US state of Tennessee with Coffee County shaded in light green and the approximate location of May Prairie State Natural Area shaded in darker green
Distribution map of Symphyotrichum estesii
S. fendleri
S. fendleri
Photo of a flower head of Symphyotrichum fendleri taken 15 September 2020 at Gove, Kansas, US.
 (A.Gray)
G.L.Nesom 		Aster fendleri 1849 Fendler’s aster  G4  Open, sandy, silty, shaly, often rocky soils and similar
600–2,000 m (1,970–6,560 ft)
Symphyotrichum fendleri distribution map
Symphyotrichum fendleri native distribution: US — Colorado, Kansas, Nebraska, New Mexico, Oklahoma, and Texas.
S. fontinale
S. fontinale
Photo of two flower heads of Symphyotrichum fontinale taken in southern Florida on 29 November 2019.
 (Alexander)
G.L.Nesom 		Aster fontinalis 1933 Florida water aster  G3  Marshes, sandhills, hammocks, flood plains, streams
0–50 m (0–160 ft)
Map of Georgia and Florida with county boundaries and distribution of Symphyotrichum fontinale shaded in green
Symphyotrichum fontinale distribution: Georgia counties — Grady; Florida counties — Alachua, Citrus, Collier, Dixie, Lee, Liberty, Marion, Miami-Dade, Monroe, Pasco, and Taylor.
[46][47][48]
S. grandiflorum
S. grandiflorum
Photo of Symphyotrichum grandiflorum taken 28 October 2020 near Fayetteville, North Carolina, US.
 (L.)
G.L.Nesom 		Aster grandiflorus 1753 Large-flowered aster  G4  Sandy soils and hills, thickets, roadsides
0–200 m (0–660 ft) and higher
Symphyotrichum grandiflorum distribution map
Symphyotrichum grandiflorum native distribution: North Carolina, South Carolina, and Virginia (US).
S. oblongifolium
S. oblongifolius
Photo of many flower heads of Symphyotrichum oblongifolium taken on 18 September 2017 in Iowa County, Wisconsin, US.
 (Nutt.)
G.L.Nesom 		Aster oblongifolius 1818
  • Aromatic aster
  • Oblong-leaved aster
  G5  Open and dry, rocky or sandy soils
100–1,500 m (330–4,920 ft)
Symphyotrichum oblongifolium distribution map
Symphyotrichum oblongifolium native distribution: Mexico — Coahuila; US — Alabama, Arkansas, Colorado, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Maryland, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, New Mexico, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, West Virginia, Wisconsin, and Wyoming.
[19]
S. pygmaeum
S. pygmaeum
Flower head close-up cropped from a Symphyotrichum pygmaeum specimen collected 16 July 2008 from Victoria Island, Kitikmeot Region, Nunavut, Canada, at 20-30 meters elevation. Stored at Université de Montréal Biodiversity Centre.
 (Lindl.)
Brouillet & Selliah 		Aster pygmaeus 1834 Pygmy aster  G4  Sandy or silty wet areas, gravelly tundra, tundra slopes
0–200 m (0–660 ft)
Symphyotrichum pygmaeum distribution map
Symphyotrichum pygmaeum native distribution: areas of Alaska, Yukon, and Northwest Territories.
[49]
S. yukonense
S. yukonense
Flower head close-up cropped from a Symphyotrichum yukonense specimen collected 11 July 1970 from Kayak shale, about 13 miles due west of Sam Lake, Yukon, Canada, at 2001 feet elevation. Stored at New York Botanical Garden.
 (Cronquist)
G.L.Nesom 		Aster yukonensis 1945 Yukon aster  G3  Mud flats, rocky or silty lakeshores
300–1,500 m (980–4,920 ft)
Symphyotrichum yukonense distribution map
Symphyotrichum yukonense native distribution: areas of Alaska, Yukon, and Northwest Territories.
[50]

Section Polyliguli

[edit]
Section Polyliguli (Semple & Brouillet) Semple[9] – one species
Scientific name
and picture 		Author citation
[17] 		Basionym
[18] 		Year
[18] 		Common name(s)
[19] 		NS
[20] 		Habitat
[19] 		Distribution
[19]
S. novae-angliae
S. novae-angliae
Photo of several flower heads of Symphyotrichum novae-angliae taken 20 September 2020 at Richmond Hill, Ontario, Canada.
 (L.)
G.L.Nesom 		Aster novae-angliae 1753 New England aster  G5  Open, typically moist habitats
0–1,600 m (0–5,250 ft)
Symphyotrichum novae-angliae range map
Symphyotrichum novae-angliae range map: Native distribution in green: Canada — Manitoba, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Ontario, and Québec; US — Alabama, Arkansas, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, District of Columbia, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Virginia, West Virginia, and Wisconsin. Introduced North American distribution in blue: US — Montana, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

Section Concolores

[edit]
Section Concolores (Torr. & A.Gray) G.L.Nesom[13] – five species
Scientific name
and picture 		Author citation
[17] 		Basionym
[18] 		Year
[18] 		Common name(s) and varieties
[19] 		NS
[20] 		Habitat
[19] 		Distribution
[17]
S. concolor
S. concolor
Photo of flower head of Symphyotrichum concolor taken 24 October 2011 in Montgomery County, North Carolina, US.
 (L.)
G.L.Nesom 		Aster concolor 1753 Eastern silver aster

Two varieties[17]
  • S. c. var. concolor
  • S. c. var. devestitum
 G5  Scrub, flatwoods, fields, roadsides
0–600 m (0–1,970 ft)[32]
Symphyotrichum concolor distribution map
Symphyotrichum concolor native distribution: Bahamas and US (Alabama, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Massachusetts, Mississippi, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Rhode Island, South Carolina, Tennessee, and Virginia).
S. lucayanum
S. lucayanum
Close-up of an inflorescence from a specimen collected 8 November 1973 west of Freeport, West Grand Bahama, Bahamas.
 (Britton)
G.L.Nesom 		Aster lucayanus 1906 Pineland aster[51]  NL  Pine woodlands and wetland edges[51]
Symphyotrichum lucayanum distribution map
Symphyotrichum lucayanum distribution: endemic to the island of Grand Bahama.
[51]
S. plumosum
S. plumosum
Photo of a close-up of a flower head of Symphyotrichum plumosum taken 24 August 2021 in Florida, US.
 (Small)
Semple 		Aster plumosus 1924  G2  Deep, sandy soils, pine flatwoods, pine-scrub oak woods
0–40 m (0–130 ft)
Map of Florida showing county borders with green shading on counties representing the distribution of Symphyotrichum plumosum.
Symphyotrichum plumosum native distribution: Central Florida Panhandle — counties of Calhoun, Franklin, Gadsden, Gulf, Jackson, Leon, Liberty, and Wakulla.
[20]
S. pratense
S. pratense
Photo of a flower head of Symphyotrichum pratense taken on 4 October 2013 in western Alabama, US.
 (Raf.)
G.L.Nesom 		Aster pratensis 1817 Barrens silky aster  G4  Prairies and fields, woodland and scrub, roadsides
0–500 m (0–1,640 ft)
Symphyotrichum pratense distribution map
Symphyotrichum pratense native distribution: US — Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, Tennessee, Texas, and Virginia.
S. sericeum
S. sericeum
Close-up photo of a small inflorescence of Symphyotrichum sericeum taken 29 August 2017 in central Wisconsin, US.
 (Vent.)
G.L.Nesom 		Aster sericeus 1800 Western silvery aster  G5  Many open habitats
100–500 m (330–1,640 ft)
Symphyotrichum sericeum distribution map
Symphyotrichum sericeum native distribution: Canada — Manitoba and Ontario; US — Arkansas, Georgia, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, and Wisconsin.

Subgenus Virgulus named hybrids

[edit]
Subgenus Virgulus named hybrids – three
Scientific name
and picture 		Author citation
[17] 		Basionym
[18] 		Year
[18] 		Common name(s) Parents Habitat Distribution
[17]
S. × amethystinum
S. × amethystinum
Photo of inflorescence of Symphyotrichum × amethystinum taken 27 September 2020 in London, Ontario, Canada.
 (Nutt.)
G.L.Nesom 		Aster amethystinus 1840 Amethyst aster[52] S. ericoides ×
S. novae-angliae[53] 		Prairies or fields, disturbed ground, near parent plants
200–400 m (660–1,310 ft)[52]
Symphyotrichum × amethystinum recorded occurrences
Symphyotrichum × amethystinum recorded occurrences: Canada — Ontario; US — Colorado, Connecticut, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kentucky, Maryland, Massachusetts, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, New Jersey, New York, North Dakota, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont, Washington, and Wisconsin.
S. × batesii (Rydb.)
G.L.Nesom 		Aster batesii 1931 S. ericoides ×
S. oblongifolium[54]
Symphyotrichum × batesii recorded occurrences map
Symphyotrichum × batesii recorded occurrences: Nebraska.
S. × columbianum (Piper)
G.L.Nesom 		Aster columbianus 1913 S. campestre ×
S. ericoides[55]
Symphyotrichum × columbianum recorded occurrences map
Symphyotrichum × columbianum recorded occurrences: Oregon and Washington.

Subgenus Ascendentes

[edit]
Subgenus Ascendentes (Rydb.) Semple[9] – two species
Scientific name
and picture 		Author citation
[17] 		Basionym
[18] 		Year
[18] 		Common name(s)
[19] 		NS
[20] 		Habitat Distribution
S. ascendens
S. ascendens
Symphyotrichum ascendens inflorescence, 12 September 2018, Cache National Forest, Deweyville, Utah.
 (Lindl.)
G.L.Nesom 		Aster ascendens 1834
  • Long-leaved aster
  • Intermountain aster
  • Western aster
  G5  Grasslands, sagebrush steppe, meadows
500–3,200 m (1,640–10,500 ft)[19]
Symphyotrichum ascendens distribution map
Symphyotrichum ascendens native distribution: Canada — Alberta, British Columbia, and Saskatchewan; Canada — Arizona, California, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, North Dakota, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.
[17]
S. defoliatum
S. defoliatum
San Bernardino aster (Symphyotrichum defoliatum), 16 October 2016, San Diego County, California.
 (Parish)
G.L.Nesom 		Aster defoliatus 1904 San Bernardino aster  G2  Seeps, marshes, swamps, meadows, montane forests, coastal scrubs[56]
0–2,050 m (0–6,730 ft)[57]
Topographical map of California with the range of Symphyotrichum defoliatum outlined in red
Endemic range of Symphyotrichum defoliatum outlined in red: San Gabriel Mountains, San Bernardino Mountains, and Peninsular Ranges.
[57]

Subgenus Symphyotrichum

[edit]

Section Conyzopsis

[edit]
Section Conyzopsis (Torr. & A.Gray) G.L.Nesom[15] – three species
Scientific name
and picture 		Author citation
[17] 		Basionym
[18] 		Year
[18] 		Common name(s)
[19] 		NS
[20] 		Habitat
[19] 		Distribution
[19]
S. ciliatum
S. ciliatum
Photo of inflorescence of Symphyotrichum ciliatum taken 5 September 2015 in the Farmington Bay area, Utah, US.
 (Ledeb.)
G.L.Nesom 		Erigeron ciliatus 1829
  • Rayless annual aster
  • Rayless alkali aster
  G5  Moist prairies, steppes, salty areas (natural or manmade)
0–2,000 m (0–6,560 ft)
Symphyotrichum ciliatum native distribution map
Symphyotrichum ciliatum native distribution: Canada — Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, New Brunswick, Northwest Territories, Ontario, Québec, Saskatchewan, and Yukon; China — China North-Central, China Southeast, Heilongjiang, Inner Mongolia, Jilin, Liaoning, Manchuria, and Xinjiang; Kazakhstan; Kyrgyzstan; Mongolia; Russia — Altai Republic, Krasnoyarsk Krai, Primorsky Krai, Sakhalin, Tuva, Western Siberia, and Zabaykalsky Krai; Tadzhikistan; US — Alaska, Colorado, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Maine, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, New York, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, South Dakota, Utah, Washington, Wisconsin, and Wyoming; Uzbekistan.
[17]
S. frondosum
S. frondosum
Photo of an inflorescence of Symphyotrichum frondosum taken 27 August 2016 at Big Bear Lake, California, US.
 (Nutt.)
G.L.Nesom 		Tripolium frondosum 1840 Short-rayed alkali aster  G4  Wet meadows, marshes, saline conditions
10–2,200 m (30–7,220 ft)
Symphyotrichum frondosum distribution map
Symphyotrichum frondosum native distribution: Canada — British Columbia; Mexico — Baja California; US — Arizona, California, Colorado, Idaho, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.
S. laurentianum
S. laurentianum
Photo of inflorescence of Symphyotrichum laurentianum taken 10 September 2007 in the Magdalen Islands, Gulf of Saint Lawrence, Québec, Canada.
 (Fernald)
G.L.Nesom 		Aster laurentianus 1914 Gulf of St. Lawrence aster  G1  Brackish or salty marshes, shores, and dunes
Sea level (0 m (0 ft))
Symphyotrichum laurentianum distribution map
Symphyotrichum laurentianum native distribution: Canada — New Brunswick, Prince Edward Island, and Québec on the south shores of the Gulf of St. Lawrence.

Section Occidentales

[edit]
Section Occidentales (Rydb.) G.L.Nesom[15] – eleven species
Scientific name
and picture 		Author citation
[17] 		Basionym
[18] 		Year
[18] 		Common name(s) and varieties
[19] 		NS
[20] 		Habitat
[19] 		Distribution
[17]
S. chilense
S. chilense
Symphyotrichum chilense taken at Regional Parks Botanic Garden located in Tilden Regional Park near Berkeley, California, US, on 26 September 2016.
 (Nees)
G.L.Nesom 		Aster chilensis 1832
  • Pacific aster
  • Common California aster
  G5  Coastal salt marshes, dunes and banks, grasslands, coniferous forests
0–500 m (0–1,640 ft)
Symphyotrichum chilense distribution map
Symphyotrichum chilense native distribution: Canada — British Columbia; US — Washington, Oregon, and California including the Channel Islands.
[19][58]
S. eatonii
S. eatonii
Inflorescence of Symphyotrichum eatonii taken in the Red Butte area near Salt Lake City, Utah, US, on 15 September 2014.
 (A.Gray)
G.L.Nesom 		Aster foliaceus var. eatonii 1884 Eaton's aster  G5  Sunny wetlands
500–3,100 m (1,640–10,170 ft)
Symphyotrichum eatonii distribution map
Symphyotrichum eatonii native distribution: Canada — Alberta, British Columbia, and Saskatchewan; US — Arizona, California, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.
S. foliaceum
S. foliaceum
Inflorescences of Symphyotrichum foliaceum taken 7 August 2008 in British Columbia, Canada.
 (Lindl. ex DC.)
G.L.Nesom 		Aster foliaceus 1836
  • Alpine leafybract aster
  • Leafy aster
  • Leafy-bracted aster

Five varieties[17]
  • S. f. var. foliaceum
  • S. f. var. apricum
  • S. f. var. canbyi
  • S. f. var. cusickii (Cusick's aster)[b][59]
  • S. f. var. parryi
 G5  Meadows, open areas in woods, slopes, grasslands
1,000–3,600 m (3,280–11,810 ft)[32][59]
Symphyotrichum foliaceum distribution map
Symphyotrichum foliaceum native distribution: Canada — Alberta and British Columbia; US — Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.
S. greatae
S. greatae
Close-up of the inflorescence of a Symphyotrichum greatae herbarium specimen collected 13 October 1970, Los Angeles County, California, US.
 (Parish)
G.L.Nesom 		Aster greatae 1902 Greata's aster[60]  G2  Damp places in canyons of the south slopes of the San Gabriel Mountains of California
300–2,000 m (980–6,560 ft)[60]
Symphyotrichum greatae distribution map
Symphyotrichum greatae native distribution: on south slopes of the San Gabriel Mountains in California.
[60]
S. hallii
S. hallii
Symphyotrichum hallii taken 31 August 2018, Eugene, Oregon, US.
 (A.Gray)
G.L.Nesom 		Aster hallii 1872 Hall's aster  G4  Grasslands and meadows with summer dryness
0–500 m (0–1,640 ft)
Symphyotrichum hallii distribution map
Symphyotrichum hallii native distribution: Oregon and Washington — Puget Sound region, Willamette Valley, outliers in Columbia Gorge and central Washington. County distribution: Oregon — Benton, Clackamas, Douglas, Hood River, Josephine, Lane, Linn, Marion, Multnomah, Polk, and Wasco; Washington — Clark, King, Okanogan, and Skagit.
[61][19]
S. hendersonii
S. hendersonii
Isotype of Aster hendersonii stored at the Harvard University Herbarium. Collected 5 August 1894 at the Saint Maries River, Kootenai County, Idaho.
 (Fernald)
G.L.Nesom 		Aster hendersonii 1895 Henderson's aster  G4  Meadows, forest openings, banks
1,000–1,500 m (3,280–4,920 ft) and higher
Symphyotrichum hendersonii distribution map
Symphyotrichum hendersonii native distribution: US — California, Idaho, Montana, Oregon, and Washington.
[19]
S. jessicae
S. jessicae
Symphyotrichum jessicae specimen collected Nez Perce County, Idaho, 2 September 2004. Stored at the New York Botanical Garden Steere Herbarium.
 (Piper)
G.L.Nesom 		Aster jessicae 1898 Jessica's aster  G2  Dry grasslands, meadows, banks, woodland openings
500–1,200 m (1,640–3,940 ft)
Symphyotrichum jessicae distribution map
Symphyotrichum jessicae native distribution: Palouse River and Clearwater River (Idaho) drainages; Idaho counties — Clearwater, Idaho, Latah, Lewis, and Nez Perce; Washington counties — Columbia, Walla Walla, and Whitman.
[19][62]
S. lentum
S. lentum
Symphyotrichum lentum photo taken 17 September 2015, Regional Parks Botanic Garden located in Tilden Regional Park near Berkeley, California, US.
 (Greene)
G.L.Nesom 		Aster lentus 1894 Suisun marsh aster  G2  Freshwater marshes and swamps[63]
0–300 m (0–980 ft)[64]
Symphyotrichum lentum distribution map
Symphyotrichum lentum native distribution: California counties of Contra Costa, Napa, Sacramento, San Joaquin, Solano, and Yolo.
[63]
S. molle
S. molle
Two flower heads of Symphyotrichum molle
 (Rydb.)
G.L.Nesom 		Aster mollis 1901 Soft aster  G3  Dry montane meadows
2,000–3,000 m (6,560–9,840 ft)
Symphyotrichum molle distribution map
Symphyotrichum molle native distribution: Bighorn Mountains of Montana and Wyoming outlined in white.
[65][19]
S. spathulatum
S. spathulatum
Symphyotrichum spathulatum flower heads photographed 29 July 2016, Mono County, California, US.
 (Lindl.)
G.L.Nesom 		Aster spathulatus 1834 Western mountain aster

Three varieties[66]
  • S. s. var. spathulatum
  • S. s. var. intermedium
  • S. s. var. yosemitanum (western bog aster)
 G5  Montane meadows, open woodlands
100–2,900 m (330–9,510 ft)[66]
Symphyotrichum spathulatum distribution map
Symphyotrichum spathulatum native distribution: Canada — Alberta and British Columbia; Mexico — Baja California; US — California, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.
S. subspicatum
S. subspicatum
Symphyotrichum subspicatum photograph taken 1 August 2016, Mount Waddington, British Columbia, Canada.
 (Nees)
G.L.Nesom 		Aster subspicatus 1832 Douglas's aster  G5  Disturbed and weedy open areas, marshes, thickets
0–1,000 m (0–3,280 ft)
Symphyotrichum subspicatum distribution map
Symphyotrichum subspicatum native distribution: Canada — Alberta and British Columbia; US — Alaska, California, Idaho, Montana, Oregon, and Washington.

Section Turbinelli

[edit]
Section Turbinelli (Rydb.) Semple[9] – one species
Scientific name
and picture 		Author citation
[17] 		Basionym
[18] 		Year
[18] 		Common name(s)
[19] 		NS
[20] 		Habitat
[19] 		Distribution
[19]
S. turbinellum
S. turbinellum
Symphyotrichum turbinellum photographed 12 October 2019, Franklin, Missouri, US.
 (Lindl.)
G.L.Nesom 		Aster turbinellus 1835 Prairie aster  G4  Generally dry, acidic soils
60–900 m (200–2,950 ft)
Symphyotrichum turbinellum distribution map
Symphyotrichum turbinellum native distribution: US — Primarily the Ozarks of Arkansas, Illinois, Iowa, Kansas, Louisiana, Missouri, Nebraska, and Oklahoma.

Section Symphyotrichum

[edit]
Subsection Dumosi
[edit]
Subsection Dumosi (Torr. & A.Gray) G.L.Nesom[10] – seventeen species
Scientific name
and picture 		Author citation
[17] 		Basionym
[18] 		Year
[18] 		Common name(s) and varieties
[19] 		NS
[20] 		Habitat
[19] 		Distribution
[17]
S. boreale
S. boreale
Symphyotrichum boreale inflorescence photographed 20 August 2018, Longridge Point, Cochrane District, Ontario, Canada.
 (Torr. & A.Gray)
Á.Löve & D.Löve 		Aster laxifolius var. borealis 1841
  • Rush aster
  • Slender white aster
  • Northern bog aster
  G5  Calcareous areas, wetland areas
0–1,500 m (0–4,920 ft)
Symphyotrichum boreale distribution map
Symphyotrichum boreale native distribution: Canada — Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, New Brunswick, Newfoundland, Northwest Territories, Nova Scotia, Nunavut, Ontario, Prince Edward Island, Québec, Saskatchewan, and Yukon; US — Alaska, Colorado, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Montana, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Dakota, Ohio, Pennsylvania, South Dakota, Vermont, Washington, West Virginia, Wisconsin, and Wyoming.
S. bullatum
 (Klatt)
G.L.Nesom 		Aster bullatus 1894  NL  Wet ledges[67]
37–1,750 m (120–5,740 ft)[68]
Symphyotrichum bullatum distribution map
Symphyotrichum bullatum native distribution: Belize, Guatemala, Honduras, and Mexico (excluding northwest Mexico).
S. burgessii
S. burgessii
Aster burgessii (Symphyotrichum burgessii) isotype US 00145593, collected 4 March 1911 from Greater Antilles, Guane, Pinar del Río, Cuba.
 (Britton)
G.L.Nesom 		Aster burgessii 1914  NL  Rocky river banks[69]
Symphyotrichum burgessii distribution map
Symphyotrichum burgessii distribution in provinces of Cuba with 2011 names — Artemisa, Cienfuegos, La Habana, Matanzas, Mayabeque, Pinar del Río, Sancti Spíritus, and Villa Clara.
[70][17]
S. carnerosanum
S. carnerosanum
Symphyotrichum carnerosanum photographed 13 June 2021 at Arteaga, Coahuila, México.
 (S.Watson)
G.L.Nesom 		Aster carnerosanus 1891  NL  495–2,850 m (1,620–9,350 ft)[71]
Symphyotrichum carnerosanum distribution map
Symphyotrichum carnerosanum distribution: Mexican states — Coahuila, Nuevo León, and Tamaulipas.
S. dumosum
S. dumosum
Symphyotrichum dumosum photographed 13 October 2020, Polkton, North Carolina, US.
 (L.)
G.L.Nesom 		Aster dumosus 1753 Bushy aster  G5  Wetlands, muddy or mucky areas, sand, woods
0–700 m (0–2,300 ft)
Symphyotrichum dumosum distribution map
Symphyotrichum dumosum native distribution: Canada — New Brunswick and Ontario; Dominican Republic; Haiti; US — Alabama, Arkansas, Connecticut, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Mississippi, Missouri, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, West Virginia, and Wisconsin.
S. eulae
S. eulae
Inflorescence close-up from a Symphyotrichum eulae specimen collected 5 November 1981 at Brazos County, Texas, US.
 (Shinners)
G.L.Nesom 		Aster eulae 1950 Eula's aster  G4  Part shade, soils with clay or silt, bottom areas or stream banks
0–100 m (0–330 ft)
Symphyotrichum eulae distribution map
Symphyotrichum eulae distribution in Texas by county: Bexar, Brazoria, Brazos, Burleson, Collin, Cooke, Dallas, Denton, Ellis, Gonzales, Hardin, Haskell, Henderson, Hill, Hood, Hopkins, Hunt, Jack, Johnson, Kaufman, Limestone, Navarro, Nueces, Parker, Rockwall, San Saba, Smith, Tarrant, Travis, Walker, Waller, Washington, and Wise. Data source: TORCH Portal Collections Search for Symphyotrichum eulae, retrieved 28 September 2021.
[72]
S. lanceolatum
S. lanceolatum
Symphyotrichum lanceolatum photographed 30 September 2020, Indiana, US.
 (Willd.)
G.L.Nesom 		Aster lanceolatus 1803
  • Lance-leaved aster
  • Panicled aster
  • White panicled aster

Five varieties[73]
  • S. l. var. lanceolatum
  • S. l. var. hesperium
  • S. l. var. hirsuticaule
  • S. l. var. interior
  • S. l. var. latifolium
 G5  Stream banks, thickets, borders, ditches, meadows, mucky soils (depending on variety)
10–2,700 m (30–8,860 ft)[73]
Symphyotrichum lanceolatum distribution map
Symphyotrichum lanceolatum native distribution: Canada — Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, New Brunswick, Newfoundland, Northwest Territories, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Prince Edward Island, Québec, and Saskatchewan; Mexico — Baja California, Chihuahua, and Sonora; US — Alabama, Arizona, Arkansas, California, Colorado, Connecticut, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Vermont, Virginia, Washington, West Virginia, Wisconsin, and Wyoming.
[17][74]
S. lateriflorum
S. lateriflorum
Symphyotrichum lateriflorum photographed 25 September 2012, Campbell County, Tennessee, US.
 (L.)
Á.Löve & D.Löve 		Solidago lateriflora 1753
  • Calico aster
  • White woodland aster
  • Side-flowering aster
  G5  Mostly shade, dry to humid soils, woodland edges
0–400 m (0–1,310 ft)
Symphyotrichum lateriflorum distribution map
Symphyotrichum lateriflorum native distribution: Canada — Manitoba, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Prince Edward Island, and Québec; Mexico — Veracruz; US — Alabama, Arkansas, Connecticut, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Vermont, Virginia, West Virginia, and Wisconsin.
S. leone
S. leone
Aster leonis holotype collected 7 December 1915 from marshes west of Batabanó, Cuba.
 (Britton)
G.L.Nesom 		Aster leonis 1920  NL  Marshes[75]
Symphyotrichum leone distribution map
Symphyotrichum leone native distribution: Cuba.
S. nahanniense
S. nahanniense
Symphyotrichum nahanniense photographed 16 August 2012 at Nahanni National Park Reserve, Northwest Territories, Canada.
 (Cody)
Semple 		Aster nahanniensis 1974 Nahanni aster  G3  Stream banks near hot mineral springs
About 1,000 m (3,280 ft) 		Nahanni National
Park Reserve
Northwest Territories
(Canada)[76][19]
Symphyotrichum nahanniense general range
Symphyotrichum nahanniense has been found at seven hot springs locations within the Nahanni National Park Reserve in Northwest Territories, Canada. The general location of those hot springs is outlined in green on this map.
S. ontarionis
S. ontarionis
Symphyotrichum ontarionis photographed 21 September 2017, Green Lake County, Wisconsin, US.
 (Wiegand)
G.L.Nesom 		Aster ontarionis 1928
  • Ontario aster
  • Bottomland aster

Two varieties[17]
  • S. o. var. ontarionis
  • S. o. var. glabratum
 G5  Moist soils or shores, other wetlands, field edges
10–300 m (30–980 ft)[32]
Symphyotrichum ontarionis distribution map
Symphyotrichum ontarionis native distribution: Canada — Ontario and Québec; US — Alabama, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Nebraska, New York, North Carolina, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Vermont, and Wisconsin.
S. praealtum
S. praealtum
Symphyotrichum praealtum photographed 20 October 2018, southwest Mississippi, US.
 (Poir.)
G.L.Nesom 		Aster praealtus 1811
  • Willowleaf aster
  • Willow aster
  G5  Usually moist and wet areas
0–400 m (0–1,310 ft)
Symphyotrichum praealtum distribution map
Symphyotrichum praealtum native distribution: Canada — Ontario; Mexico — Chihuahua, Coahuila, and Nuevo León; US — Alabama, Arkansas, Connecticut, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, West Virginia, and Wisconsin.
[19]
S. racemosum
S. racemosum
Symphyotrichum racemosum photographed 14 October 2020, Mississippi, US.
 (Elliott)
G.L.Nesom 		Aster racemosus 1823
  • Small white aster
  • Smooth white oldfield aster
  G4  Moist to wet, often brackish, soils
0–200 m (0–660 ft)
Symphyotrichum racemosum distribution map
Symphyotrichum racemosum native distribution: US — Alabama, Arkansas, Connecticut, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Missouri, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Vermont, Virginia, West Virginia, and Wisconsin.
[19]
S. schaffneri
 (S.D.Sundb. & A.G.Jones)
G.L.Nesom 		Aster schaffneri 1986  NL 
Symphyotrichum schaffneri distribution map
Symphyotrichum schaffneri native distribution: Mexico — Puebla and Veracruz.
[77]
S. simmondsii
S. simmonsii
Symphyotrichum simmondsii photographed 18 December 2020, near Miromar Lakes, Florida, US.
 (Small)
G.L.Nesom 		Aster simmondsii 1913 Simmonds' aster  G4  Moist to dry soils
0–50 m (0–160 ft)
Symphyotrichum simmondsii distribution map
Symphyotrichum simmondsii native distribution: US — Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina.
[78]
S. tradescantii
S. tradescantii
Symphyotrichum tradescantii photographed 23 August 2020, Yarmouth County, Nova Scotia, Canada.
 (L.)
G.L.Nesom 		Aster tradescantii 1753
  • Tradescant's aster
  • Shore aster
  G4  Shores, streams, freshwater estuaries
0–200 m (0–660 ft)
Symphyotrichum tradescantii distribution map
Symphyotrichum tradescantii native distribution: Canada — New Brunswick, Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, and Québec; US — Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Rhode Island, and Vermont.
S. welshii
S. welshii
Symphyotrichum welshii photographed 4 October 2018, southwestern Utah, US.
 (Cronquist)
G.L.Nesom 		Aster welshii 1994 Welsh's aster  G2  Wet soils in dry areas
1,300–2,300 m (4,270–7,550 ft)
Symphyotrichum welshii distribution map
Symphyotrichum welshii native distribution: US — Arizona, Idaho, Montana, Utah, and Wyoming.
Subsection Heterophylli
[edit]

Subsection Heterophylli (Nees) Semple[9]

Series Concinni
[edit]
Series Concinni (Nees) Semple[9] – two species
Scientific name
and picture 		Author citation
[17] 		Basionym
[18] 		Year
[18] 		Common name(s) and varieties
[19] 		NS
[20] 		Habitat
[19] 		Distribution
S. laeve
S. laeve
Symphyotrichum laeve photographed 6 September 2020, MacGregor Point Provincial Park, Saugeen Shores, Ontario, Canada.
 (L.)
Á.Löve & D.Löve 		Aster laevis 1753 Smooth aster

Four varieties[79]
  • S. l. var. laeve
  • S. l. var. concinnum
  • S. l. var. geyeri (Geyer’s aster)
  • S. l. var. purpuratum
 G5  Open and dry habitats
0–2,400 m (0–7,870 ft)
Symphyotrichum laeve distribution map
Symphyotrichum laeve native distribution: Canada — Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, Ontario, Saskatchewan, and Yukon (introduced in New Brunswick and Québec); Mexico — Coahuila; US — Alabama, Arkansas, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Vermont, Virginia, Washington, West Virginia, Wisconsin, and Wyoming.
[17][80][81]
S. oolentangiense
S. oolentangiense
Symphyotrichum oolentangiense photographed 29 August 2017, Marquette County, Wisconsin, US.
 (Riddell)
G.L.Nesom 		Aster oolentangiensis 1835
  • Azure aster
  • Skyblue aster
  G5  Dry or dry to wet habitats
50–500 m (160–1,640 ft)
Symphyotrichum oolentangiense distribution map
Symphyotrichum oolentangiense native distribution: Canada — Ontario; Mexico — Coahuila; US — Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Nebraska, New York, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, and Wisconsin.
[17][19]
Series Cordifolii
[edit]
Series Cordifolii (G.Don in Loudon) Semple[9] – seven species
Scientific name
and picture 		Author citation
[17] 		Basionym
[18] 		Year
[18] 		Common name(s) and varieties
[19] 		NS
[20] 		Habitat
[19] 		Distribution
[17]
S. anomalum
S. anomalum
Symphyotrichum anomalum photographed 2 September 2018, Benton County, Arkansas, US.
 (Engelm.)
G.L.Nesom 		Aster anomalus 1843 Manyray aster  G4  Dry soils over limestone, acid soils
50–500 m (160–1,640 ft)
Symphyotrichum anomalum distribution map
Symphyotrichum anomalum native distribution: US — Arkansas, Illinois, Kansas, Missouri, and Oklahoma.
[19]
S. ciliolatum
S. ciliolatum
Symphyotrichum ciliolatum photographed 3 August 2019, Prince George, British Columbia, Canada.
 (Lindl.)
Á.Löve & D.Löve 		Aster ciliolatus 1836
  • Lindley's aster
  • Fringed blue aster
  G5  Rich, open deciduous forests, trails, stream banks
0–2,000 m (0–6,560 ft)
Symphyotrichum ciliolatum distribution map
Symphyotrichum ciliolatum native distribution: Canada — Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, New Brunswick, Newfoundland, Northwest Territories, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Québec, Saskatchewan, and Yukon; US — Illinois, Maine, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Montana, New Hampshire, New York, North Dakota, South Dakota, Vermont, Wisconsin, and Wyoming.
S. cordifolium
S. cordifolium
Symphyotrichum cordifolium photographed 13 October 2012, Baltimore Woods Nature Center, Marcellus, New York, US.
 (L.)
G.L.Nesom 		Aster cordifolius 1753
  • Heartleaf aster
  • Common blue wood aster
  G5  Mostly rich, moist soils and woods
0–1,200 m (0–3,940 ft)
Symphyotrichum cordifolium distribution map
Symphyotrichum cordifolium native distribution: Canada — Manitoba, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Prince Edward Island, and Québec; US — Alabama, Arkansas, Connecticut, District of Columbia, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kentucky, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Vermont, Virginia, West Virginia, and Wisconsin.
S. drummondii
S. drummondii
Symphyotrichum drummondii photographed 21 September 2019, Carol Stream, Illinois, US.
 (Lindl.)
G.L.Nesom 		Aster drummondii 1835 Drummond's aster

Two varieties[82]
  • S. d. var. drummondii
  • S. d. var. texanum (Texas aster)
 G5  Old fields, woodlands, savannas depending on variety[83]
0–500 m (0–1,640 ft)[82]
Symphyotrichum drummondii distribution map
Symphyotrichum drummondii native distribution: Mexico — Coahuila; US — Alabama, Arkansas, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Nebraska, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Texas, West Virginia, and Wisconsin.
[17][32]
S. shortii
S. shortii
Symphyotrichum shortii, 1 October 2017, at edge of forested limestone bluffs, on the West Fork of the Red River at the Clarksville Greenway, Montgomery County, Tennessee, US.
 (Lindl.)
G.L.Nesom 		Aster shortii 1834 Short's aster  G5  Thin rocky soils of woodlands and thickets often around limestone bluffs
100–500 m (330–1,640 ft)
Symphyotrichum shortii distribution map
Symphyotrichum shortii native distribution: Canada — Ontario; US — Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kentucky, Maryland, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Virginia, West Virginia, and Wisconsin.
S. undulatum
S. undulatum
Symphyotrichum undulatum photographed 1 October 2018, Archbald Pothole State Park, Archbald, Pennsylvania, US.
 (L.)
G.L.Nesom 		Aster undulatus 1753 Wavyleaf aster  G5  Dry or well-drained loamy or rocky soils
200–1,500 m (660–4,920 ft)
Symphyotrichum undulatum distribution map
Symphyotrichum undulatum native distribution: Canada — Nova Scotia and Ontario; US — Alabama, Connecticut, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Mississippi, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, Tennessee, Vermont, Virginia, and West Virginia.
S. urophyllum
S. urophyllum
Symphyotrichum urophyllum photographed 29 August 2017, Port McNicoll, Ontario, Canada.
 (Lindl.)
G.L.Nesom 		Aster urophyllus 1836
  • White arrowleaf aster
  • Arrowleaf aster
  G4  Open, dry to mesic habitats
40–300 m (130–980 ft) and higher
Symphyotrichum urophyllum distribution map
Symphyotrichum urophyllum native distribution: Canada — Ontario; US — Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Nebraska, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Tennessee, Vermont, Virginia, West Virginia, and Wisconsin.
Subsection Porteriani
[edit]
Subsection Porteriani (Rydb.) G.L.Nesom[16] – five species
Scientific name
and picture 		Author citation
[17] 		Basionym
[18] 		Year
[18] 		Common name(s) and varieties
[19] 		NS
[20] 		Habitat
[19] 		Distribution
[17]
S. depauperatum
S. depauperatum
Symphyotrichum depauperatum photographed 13 September 2009 at the serpentine grassland demonstration area in Nottingham County Park, Nottingham, Pennsylvania, US.
 (Fernald)
G.L.Nesom 		Aster depauperatus 1908
  • Serpentine aster
  • Starved aster
  G2  Serpentine or diabasic soils
400–1,000 m (1,310–3,280 ft)
Symphyotrichum depauperatum distribution map
Symphyotrichum depauperatum native distribution: US — Maryland (Baltimore and Cecil Counties); North Carolina (Granville County); and, Pennsylvania (Chester, Delaware, and Lancaster Counties).
[84][20][17]
S. parviceps
S. parviceps
Inflorescence from a Symphyotrichum parviceps specimen (Aster parviceps) collected 18 September 1914 at Hannibal, Missouri. Stored at the New York Botanical Garden.
 (E.S.Burgess)
G.L.Nesom 		Aster ericoides var. parviceps 1898
  • Smallhead aster
  • Small white aster
  G4  Dry, sandy, or loamy soils; barrens, fields, roadsides, old cemeteries
200–400 m (660–1,310 ft)
Symphyotrichum parviceps distribution map
Symphyotrichum parviceps native distribution: US — Arkansas, Illinois, Iowa, Kansas, Missouri, and Oklahoma.
S. pilosum
S. pilosum
Symphyotrichum pilosum var. pilosum photographed 29 September 2020, Indiana, US.
 (Willd.)
G.L.Nesom 		Aster pilosus 1803
  • Hairy aster
  • Frost aster
  • Hairy white oldfield aster

Two varieties[85]
  • S. p. var. pilosum
  • S. p. var. pringlei (Pringle's aster)
 G5  Various and many, depending on variety
0–1,100 m (0–3,610 ft)
Symphyotrichum pilosum distribution map
Symphyotrichum pilosum native distribution: Canada — Ontario and Québec; US — Alabama, Arkansas, Connecticut, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Vermont, Virginia, West Virginia, and Wisconsin.
[85]
S. porteri
S. porteri
Inflorescence of a Symphyotrichum porteri specimen collected 3 August 2018, Parker, Elbert County, Colorado, US.
 (A.Gray)
G.L.Nesom 		Aster porteri 1881
  • Porter's aster
  • Smooth white aster
  G3  Rocky Mountain foothills
1,800–2,900 m (5,910–9,510 ft)
Symphyotrichum porteri distribution map
Symphyotrichum porteri native distribution: US — Colorado counties: Boulder, Douglas, El Paso, Gilpin, Jefferson, Larimer, Las Animas, and Teller; New Mexico counties: Harding and San Miguel; Wyoming counties: Albany, Carbon, and Laramie.
[86][19]
S. priceae
S. priceae
Symphyotrichum priceae specimen inflorescence collected 3 October 1988, Wilson County, Tennessee, US.
 (Britton)
G.L.Nesom 		Aster priceae 1901
  • Miss Price's aster[87]
  • Price's aster
  • Lavender oldfield aster
  G4  Broken limestone on cedar glades and roadsides
200–400 m (660–1,310 ft)
Symphyotrichum priceae distribution map
Symphyotrichum priceae native distribution: US — Alabama, Georgia, Kentucky, and Tennessee.
Subsection Symphyotrichum
[edit]
Series Punicei
[edit]
Series Punicei (House) Semple[9] – five species
Scientific name
and picture 		Author citation
[17] 		Basionym
[18] 		Year
[18] 		Common name(s) and varieties
[19] 		NS
[20] 		Habitat
[19] 		Distribution
[17]
S. elliottii
S. elliottii
Symphyotrichum elliottii photographed 13 November 2020, Florida, US.
 (Torr. & A.Gray)
G.L.Nesom 		Aster elliottii 1841 Elliott's aster  G4  Swamps, bogs, marshes, brackish marshes
0–50 m (0–160 ft)
Symphyotrichum elliottii distribution map
Symphyotrichum elliottii native distribution by state: US Atlantic Coastal Plain — Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Virginia.
[19]
S. firmum
S. firmum
Symphyotrichum firmum photographed 26 September 2019, Thunder Bay District, Ontario, Canada.
 (Nees)
G.L.Nesom 		Aster firmus 1818 Glossy-leaved aster  G5  Wet soils, fens, marshes
100–400 m (330–1,310 ft)
Symphyotrichum firmum distribution map
Symphyotrichum firmum native distribution: Canada — Alberta, Manitoba, Ontario, Saskatchewan; US — Georgia, Iowa, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, New York.
S. prenanthoides
S. prenanthoides
Symphyotrichum prenanthoides photographed 10 October 2020, Middlesex, Ontario, Canada.
 (Muhl. ex Willd.)
G.L.Nesom 		Aster prenanthoides 1803 Crookedstem aster  G4  Mostly wetlands such as swamps and seeps
100–1,500 m (330–4,920 ft)
Symphyotrichum prenanthoides distribution map
Symphyotrichum prenanthoides native distribution: Canada — Ontario; US — Connecticut, Delaware, District of Columbia, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kentucky, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Virginia, West Virginia, and Wisconsin.
S. puniceum
S. puniceum
Symphyotrichum puniceum photographed 21 September 2016, Beaver County, Pennsylvania, US.
 (L.)
Á.Löve & D.Löve 		Aster puniceus 1753
  • Purplestem aster
  • Red-stemmed aster
  • Swamp aster

Two varieties[88]
  • S. p. var. puniceum
  • S. p. var. scabricaule (roughstem aster)
 G5  Wetlands
0–2,000 m (0–6,560 ft)[88]
Symphyotrichum puniceum distribution map
Symphyotrichum puniceum native distribution: Canada — Alberta, British Columbia, Labrador, Manitoba, New Brunswick, Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Prince Edward Island, Québec, and Saskatchewan; US — Alabama, Connecticut, Delaware, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Vermont, Virginia, West Virginia, and Wisconsin.
S. rhiannon
S. rhiannon
Symphyotrichum rhiannon specimen collected 11 October 2006, Clay County, North Carolina, US.
 Weakley & Govus 2004
  • Rhiannon's aster
  • Buck Creek aster[20]
  G1  Serpentine barrens
900–1,300 m (2,950–4,270 ft) 		Buck Creek
Serpentine Barrens,[89]
Clay County,
North Carolina (US)[90]
Symphyotrichum rhiannon distribution map
Symphyotrichum rhiannon native distribution map. Species is endemic to the Buck Creek Serpentine Barrens in Clay County, North Carolina. Map source: USDA, NRCS PLANTS Database with additional information from Kauffman, G.L.; Nesom, G.L.; Weakley, A.S.; Govus, T.E.; Cotterman, L.M. (2004). "A new species of Symphyotrichum (Asteraceae: Astereae) from a serpentine barren in western North Carolina". SIDA, Contributions to Botany. 21: 827–839. ISSN 0036-1488. Retrieved 8 September 2021 – via Biodiversity Heritage Library.
Series Symphyotrichum
[edit]
Series Symphyotrichum – four species
Scientific name
and picture 		Author citation
[17] 		Basionym
[18] 		Year
[18] 		Common name(s) and varieties
[19] 		NS
[20] 		Habitat
[19] 		Distribution
[17]
S. anticostense
S. anticostense
Cropping of an image of a Symphyotrichum anticostense specimen held at the Harvard University Herbaria, collected 9 August 1909 at Fort Fairfield, Aroostook County, Maine, US.
 (Fernald)
G.L.Nesom 		Aster anticostensis 1915 Anticosti aster  G3  Calcareous river shores, limestone lake shores
0–100 m (0–330 ft)
Symphyotrichum anticostense distribution map
Symphyotrichum anticostense native distribution: Canada — New Brunswick and Québec; US — Maine.
[19]
S. novi-belgii
S. novi-belgii
Symphyotrichum novi-belgii photographed 28 August 2019 at Paroisse de Grand Manan, New Brunswick, Canada.
 (L.)
G.L.Nesom 		Aster novi-belgii 1753 New York aster

Four varieties[17]
  • S. n. var. novi-belgii
  • S. n. var. crenifolium
  • S. n. var. elodes
  • S. n. var. villicaule
 G5  Mostly sea or stream shores, thickets, dunes, barrens (depending on variety)
0–800 m (0–2,620 ft)[32]
Symphyotrichum novi-belgii distribution map
Symphyotrichum novi-belgii native distribution: Canada — Labrador, New Brunswick, Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, Prince Edward Island, and Québec; US — Connecticut, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, Vermont, Virginia, and West Virginia.
S. retroflexum
S. retroflexum
Inflorescence close-up from a Symphyotrichum retroflexum specimen collected 6 October 1993, Table Rock State Park, Pickens County, South Carolina, US.
 (Lindl.)
G.L.Nesom 		Aster retroflexus 1836 Rigid whitetop aster  G4  Moist or dry wooded areas, moist meadows
400–1,500 m (1,310–4,920 ft)
Symphyotrichum retroflexum native distribution map
Symphyotrichum retroflexum native distribution: US — Blue Ridge Mountains of Alabama, Georgia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, and Virginia. Source: USDA, NRCS PLANTS Database with added information from John C. Semple's Astereae Lab.
[91][92]
S. robynsianum
S. robynsianum
Symphyotrichum robynsianum photographed 24 August 2019, Longridge Point, Cochrane district, Ontario, Canada.
 (J.Rousseau) Brouillet & Labrecque Aster robynsianus 1957 Robyn's aster  G5  Moist, open, sandy, gravelly, or rocky habitats
10–400 m (30–1,310 ft)
Symphyotrichum robynsianum distribution map
Symphyotrichum robynsianum native distribution: Canada — Manitoba, Ontario, and Québec; US — Michigan, Minnesota, and Wisconsin.

Subgenus Symphyotrichum named hybrids

[edit]
Subgenus Symphyotrichum named hybrids – nine
Scientific name
and picture 		Author citation
[17] 		Basionym
[18] 		Year
[18] 		Common name(s) Parents Habitat Distribution
[17]
S. × finkii (Rydb.)
G.L.Nesom 		Aster finkii 1931 S. cordifolium × S. shortii[93] Wooded bluffs and fencerows[94]
Symphyotrichum × finkii recorded occurrences map
Symphyotrichum × finkii recorded occurrences: The locations are from the USDA PLANTS Database with added county information from two sources. Iowa — Fayette County; West Virginia — no county information; Wisconsin — Eau Claire, Grant, and Waupaca Counties.
[c][93]
S. × gravesii
S. × gravesii
Aster gravesii (Symphyotrichum x gravesii) specimen collected 2 October 1902, Ithaca, Tompkins County, New York, US.
 (E.S.Burgess)
G.L.Nesom 		Aster gravesii 1901 Graves' aster[96] S. dumosum × S. laeve[97] Dry woods[96]
Symphyotrichum × gravesii recorded occurrences map
Symphyotrichum × gravesii recorded occurrences: Connecticut.
S. × longulum
S. × longulum
Aster longulus specimen collected July 1892, Mille Lacs County, Minnesota, US.
 (E.Sheld.)
G.L.Nesom 		Aster longulus 1894 S. boreale × S. puniceum[98] Swampy and marshy areas[99]
Symphyotrichum × longulum recorded occurrences map
Symphyotrichum × longulum recorded occurrences: Canada — Saskatchewan; US — Minnesota, New Jersey, New York, and Wisconsin.
S. × salignum
S. × salignum
Symphyotrichum × salignum inflorescence photographed 19 August 2019, Lobnya, Moscow region, Russia.
 (Willd.)
G.L.Nesom 		Aster salignus 1803 S. lanceolatum var. lanceolatum × S. novi-belgii var. novi-belgii[100]
Symphyotrichum × salignum recorded occurrences map
Symphyotrichum × salignum recorded occurrences: US — Wisconsin. There is also an extensive presence of this hybrid in Europe and western Asia in the following countries: Assam, Austria, Baltic States, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Great Britain, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Kazakhstan, Krym, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Romania, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Tadzhikistan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, and Yugoslavia.
[d]
S. × schistosum
S. × schistosum
Aster schistosus specimen detail, collected 15 September 1907 in the vicinity of Millboro, Bath County, in the Allegheny Mountains, Virginia, US.
 (E.S.Steele)
G.L.Nesom 		Aster schistosus 1911 S. cordifolium × S. laeve[101] Shale gravel, dry hills[102]
Symphyotrichum × schistosum recorded occurrences map
Symphyotrichum × schistosum recorded occurrences: US — Virginia.
S. × subgeminatum
S. × subgeminatum
Symphyotrichum x subgeminatum specimen collected 4 September 1895, Mount Desert Island, Hancock County, Maine, US.
 (Fernald)
G.L.Nesom 		Aster foliaceus var. subgeminatus 1915 S. ciliolatum × S. novi-belgii var. novi-belgii[103]
  • "Damp bushy ravine in the limestone tableland"
  • 200–300 m (660–980 ft)[104]
Symphyotrichum × subgeminatum recorded occurrences
Map of Symphyotrichum × subgeminatum recorded occurrences: Newfoundland and Québec (Canada).
S. × tardiflorum
S. × tardiflorum
Symphyotrichum x tardiflorum specimen collected 7 October 1924, Pittsford, Vermont, US.
 (L.)
Greuter, M.V.Agab. & Wagenitz 		Aster tardiflorus 1763 S. cordifolium × S. puniceum[105] Along streams[106]
Symphyotrichum × tardiflorum recorded occurrences map
Symphyotrichum × tardiflorum recorded occurrences: New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, and Québec (Canada); New York (US).
S. × versicolor
S. × versicolor
Symphyotrichum x versicolor specimen collected 4 October 2018, Zwevegem, West Flanders, Belgium.
 (Willd.)
G.L.Nesom 		Aster versicolor 1803 Late Michaelmas daisy[107] S. laeve var. laeve × S. novi-belgii var. novi-belgii[108]
Symphyotrichum × versicolor recorded occurrences by country in Europe on map
Symphyotrichum × versicolor recorded occurrences by country in Europe in blue, adjusted on map using current boundaries: Austria; Belgium; Czech Republic; France; Germany; Great Britain; Hungary; Ireland; Italy; Madeira; Netherlands; Norway; Poland; Romania; Slovakia; Spain; Switzerland; Ukraine; and Yugoslavia.
S. × woldenii
S. × woldenii
Aster woldenii (Symphyotrichum × woldenii) isotype, Emmet County, Iowa, 6 September 1924.
 (Rydb.)
G.L.Nesom 		Aster woldenii 1931 S. laeve × S. praealtum[109]
Symphyotrichum × woldenii recorded occurrences map
Symphyotrichum × woldenii recorded occurrences: Iowa.

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ Elevation in the May Prairie State Natural Area.
  2. ^ In FNA as Symphyotrichum cusickii.[59]
  3. ^ The locations are from the USDA PLANTS Database with added county information from two sources. Iowa[17][93] — Fayette[95]; West Virginia — no county information[93]; Wisconsin — Eau Claire, Grant,[94] and Waupaca.[93]
  4. ^ There is also an extensive presence of Symphyotrichum × salignum in Europe and western Asia in the following countries: Assam, Austria, Baltic States, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Great Britain, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Kazakhstan, Krym, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Romania, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Tadzhikistan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, and Yugoslavia.[17]

Citations

[edit]
  1. ^ Nesom 1994a, p. 212.
  2. ^ Brouillet et al. 2006.
  3. ^ a b Morgan & Holland 2012, p. 818.
  4. ^ a b Nesom 2018a, p. 1.
  5. ^ Brouillet et al. 2009, p. 12.
  6. ^ Löve 1982, pp. 358–359.
  7. ^ Nesom 1994b.
  8. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Nesom 1994b, p. 273.
  9. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac Semple, Heard & Brouillet 2002, p. 133.
  10. ^ a b c d Nesom 1994b, p. 269.
  11. ^ a b c Nesom 1994b, p. 272.
  12. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Nesom 1994b, p. 274.
  13. ^ a b c Nesom 1994b, p. 275.
  14. ^ a b c d Nesom 1994b, p. 268.
  15. ^ a b c d e f Nesom 1994b, p. 271.
  16. ^ a b c Nesom 1994b, p. 270.
  17. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be POWO 2021.
  18. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap IPNI 2021.
  19. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb Brouillet et al. 2006, search for species name.
  20. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w NatureServe 2021.
  21. ^ NRCS 2014c.
  22. ^ a b Sancho & Ariza Espinar 2003, p. 10 as Aster glabrifolius.
  23. ^ Sancho & Ariza Espinar 2003, pp. 9–10 as Aster cabrerae.
  24. ^ a b Heiden 2020.
  25. ^ a b Sancho & Ariza Espinar 2003, pp. 10–11.
  26. ^ a b c d Sancho & Ariza Espinar 2003, p. 11.
  27. ^ Hassler 2021.
  28. ^ a b Brouillet et al. 2006, Symphyotrichum subulatum varieties.
  29. ^ a b Brouillet et al. 2006, Symphyotrichum tenuifolium varieties.
  30. ^ Hind & Strange 2019, p. 390.
  31. ^ Hind & Strange 2019, pp. 387–390.
  32. ^ a b c d e f g h Brouillet et al. 2006, search for species name and varieties.
  33. ^ Brouillet et al. 2006, Symphyotrichum ericoides var. ericoides.
  34. ^ Brouillet et al. 2006, Symphyotrichum falcatum var. commutatum.
  35. ^ NRCS 2014a.
  36. ^ a b Nesom 2018b, p. 6.
  37. ^ a b c Nesom 2018b, p. 5.
  38. ^ a b c d Nesom 2018b, p. 3.
  39. ^ a b Nesom 2018b, p. 2.
  40. ^ Nesom 2018b, pp. 4–5.
  41. ^ Nesom 1989.
  42. ^ a b GBIF.org 2021b.
  43. ^ a b Semple 2019a, p. 1.
  44. ^ a b Semple 2019b.
  45. ^ Semple 2019a, pp. 1, 7, 9.
  46. ^ GBIF.org 2021c.
  47. ^ SERNEC 2021.
  48. ^ Semple 2019c.
  49. ^ Semple 2014a.
  50. ^ Semple 2014b.
  51. ^ a b c Leon Levy Native Plant Preserve n.d.
  52. ^ a b Brouillet et al. 2006, Symphyotrichum × amethystinum.
  53. ^ NRCS 2014b.
  54. ^ NRCS 2014h.
  55. ^ NRCS 2014n.
  56. ^ CNPS 2021a.
  57. ^ a b Allen 2012, Symphyotrichum defoliatum.
  58. ^ Allen 2012, Symphyotrichum chilense.
  59. ^ a b c Brouillet et al. 2006, Symphyotrichum cusickii.
  60. ^ a b c Allen 2012, Symphyotrichum greatae.
  61. ^ NRCS 2014d.
  62. ^ NRCS 2014o.
  63. ^ a b CNPS 2021b.
  64. ^ Allen 2012, Symphyotrichum lentum.
  65. ^ Montana Natural Heritage Program n.d.
  66. ^ a b Brouillet et al. 2006, Symphyotrichum spathulatum varieties.
  67. ^ Fernald 1900, as Aster jalapensis.
  68. ^ GBIF.org 2021a.
  69. ^ Britton 1914, pp. 14–15.
  70. ^ GBIF.org 2021e.
  71. ^ GBIF.org 2021d.
  72. ^ TORCH 2021.
  73. ^ a b Brouillet et al. 2006, Symphyotrichum lanceolatum varieties.
  74. ^ Brouillet et al. 2006, Symphyotrichum lanceolatum var. hesperium.
  75. ^ Britton 1920, p. 114.
  76. ^ Parks Canada 2021.
  77. ^ Sundberg & Jones 1986, pp. 175–176.
  78. ^ Semple 2021a.
  79. ^ Brouillet et al. 2006, Symphyotrichum laeve varieties.
  80. ^ Brouillet et al. 2006, Symphyotrichum laeve var. geyeri.
  81. ^ Brouillet et al. 2020.
  82. ^ a b Brouillet et al. 2006, Symphyotrichum drummondii varieties.
  83. ^ Wilhelm & Rericha 2017, p. 1098.
  84. ^ Gustafson & Latham 2005, p. 1447.
  85. ^ a b Brouillet et al. 2006, Symphyotrichum pilosum varieties.
  86. ^ NRCS 2014e.
  87. ^ Britton 1901, p. 960.
  88. ^ a b Brouillet et al. 2006, Symphyotrichum puniceum varieties.
  89. ^ Kauffman et al. 2004.
  90. ^ NRCS 2014f.
  91. ^ NRCS 2014p.
  92. ^ Semple 2021b.
  93. ^ a b c d e NRCS 2014g.
  94. ^ a b Shinners 1941, p. 407.
  95. ^ Rydberg 1931, p. 102.
  96. ^ a b Britton 1901, pp. 961–962.
  97. ^ NRCS 2014i.
  98. ^ NRCS 2014j.
  99. ^ Sheldon 1894.
  100. ^ Verloove 2014a.
  101. ^ NRCS 2014k.
  102. ^ Steele 1911, p. 373.
  103. ^ Brouillet et al. 2006, Symphyotrichum ciliolatum.
  104. ^ Fernald 1915, p. 16.
  105. ^ NRCS 2014l.
  106. ^ Gray 1884, p. 194.
  107. ^ GRIN n.d.
  108. ^ Verloove 2014b.
  109. ^ NRCS 2014m.

References

[edit]
[edit]

Wikispecies list of Symphyotrichum species

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