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List of spaceflight launches in July–December 2024

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This article lists orbital and suborbital launches planned for the second half of the year 2024, including launches planned for 2024 without a specific launch date.

For all other spaceflight activities, see 2024 in spaceflight. For launches in the first half of 2024, see List of spaceflight launches in January–June 2024.

Orbital launches

[edit]
Date and time (UTC) Rocket Flight number Launch site LSP
Payload
(⚀ = CubeSat)
Operator Orbit Function Decay (UTC) Outcome
Remarks

July

[edit]
1 July
03:06:42[1]
Japan H3-22S[2] F3 Japan Tanegashima LA-Y2 Japan JAXA
Japan ALOS-4 (Daichi 4) JAXA Low Earth (SSO) Earth observation In orbit Operational
First Operational flight of H3 rocket. ALOS-4 (Daichi 4) will replace the ALOS-2 (Daichi 2) satellite, which was launched in 2014.
3 July
08:55[3]
United States Falcon 9 Block 5 Starlink Group 8-9 United States Cape Canaveral SLC-40 United States SpaceX
United States Starlink × 20 SpaceX Low Earth Communications In orbit Operational
4 July
04:03[7][8]
United States Firefly Alpha FLTA005 United States Vandenberg SLC-2W United States Firefly
United States CatSat University of Arizona Low Earth (SSO) Technology demonstration In orbit Operational
United States KUbeSat-1 University of Kansas Low Earth (SSO) Ionospheric research In orbit Operational
United States MESAT 1 University of Maine Low Earth (SSO) Atmospheric science In orbit Operational
United States R5-S2-2.0 NASA Johnson Low Earth (SSO) Technology demonstration In orbit Operational
United States R5-S4 NASA Johnson Low Earth (SSO) Technology demonstration In orbit Operational
United States Serenity Teachers in Space Low Earth (SSO) Education In orbit Operational
United States SOC-i University of Washington Low Earth (SSO) Technology demonstration In orbit Operational
United States TechEdSat-11 NASA Ames Low Earth (SSO) Technology demonstration In orbit Operational
NASA Venture Class Launch Services 2 (VCLS 2) Mission Two,[4] officially known as VCLS Demo-2FB. The ELaNa 43 mission, consisting of 8 CubeSats,[5] will launch on this flight.[6] Mission designated "Noise of Summer".
4 July
22:49[9][10]
China Long March 6A 6A-Y7 China Taiyuan LA-9A China CASC
China Tianhui 5C CNSA Low Earth (SSO) Earth observation In orbit Operational
China Tianhui 5D CNSA Low Earth (SSO) Earth observation In orbit Operational
8 July
23:30[12]
United States Falcon 9 Block 5 F9-353 United States Cape Canaveral SLC-40 United States SpaceX
Turkey Türksat 6A Türksat GTO to Geosynchronous Communications In orbit Operational
325th Consecutive successful flight of Falcon 9 rocket since 2016. First domestically produced Turkish communications satellite.[11]
9 July
19:00[16]
Europe Ariane 62 VA262
FM-01
France Kourou ELA-4 Europe ESA
France Germany Nyx Bikini[17] The Exploration Company Low Earth Reentry capsule
Technology demonstration
In orbit Precluded
France SpaceCase SC-X01[18] ArianeGroup Low Earth Reentry capsule
Technology demonstration
In orbit Precluded
Germany Greece Curium One (Major Tom)[19] PTS / Libre Space Foundation Low Earth Technology demonstration In orbit Operational
Germany OOV-Cube[20] TU Berlin Low Earth Technology demonstration
IoT
In orbit Operational
Spain ³Cat-4[21] BarcelonaTech Low Earth GNSS radio occultation In orbit Operational
United States CURIE A, B[22][23] NASA Low Earth Technology demonstration In orbit Operational
Slovakia GRBBeta[24] TUKE / Spacemanic Low Earth Gamma-ray burst astronomy In orbit Operational
Portugal ISTSat-1[25] University of Lisbon Low Earth ADS-B Technology demonstration In orbit Operational
France Méditerranée (ROBUSTA-3A)[26] University of Montpellier Low Earth Meteorology In orbit Operational
Poland Germany Replicator[27] Orbital Matter Low Earth Technology demonstration Space manufacturing In orbit Operational
Maiden flight of Ariane 6. Failure of the auxiliary propulsion system precluded the third relight of the Vinci upper stage, causing the two reentry capsules and upper stage to be stranded in their 580-km circular orbit. Nine satellites, two reentry capsules, and five onboard experiments were launched.[13] The ELaNa-48 mission, consisting of the two CURIE cubesats, was launched on this flight.[14] The two CURIE cubesats were launched as a single spacecraft and separated in orbit (ESA Rideshares - Demo Flight).[15]
10 July
23:40[28][29]
China Hyperbola-1 Y8 China Jiuquan LS-95A China i-Space
China Yunyao-1 15-17 CGSTL Low Earth (SSO) Meteorology 10 July Launch failure
12 July
02:35[30]
United States Falcon 9 Block 5 Starlink Group 9-3 United States Vandenberg SLC-4E United States SpaceX
United States Starlink × 20 SpaceX Low Earth Communications 13 July Launch failure
The Falcon 9 second-stage engine failed to complete its second ignition due to a liquid oxygen leak, causing the planned orbit to be missed and the deployment of the Starlink satellites in an unusable orbit.
19 July
03:03[10][31]
China Long March 4B 4B-Y58 China Taiyuan LA-9 China CASC
China Gaofen-11 05 CNSA Low Earth (SSO) Earth Observation In orbit Operational
27 July
05:45[32]
United States Falcon 9 Block 5 Starlink Group 10-9 United States Kennedy LC-39A United States SpaceX
United States Starlink × 23 SpaceX Low Earth Communications In orbit Operational
Return to flight of the Falcon 9 following the Starlink Group 9-3 second-stage failure occurred on 12 July.
28 July
05:09[33]
United States Falcon 9 Block 5 Starlink Group 10-4 United States Cape Canaveral SLC-40 United States SpaceX
United States Starlink × 23 SpaceX Low Earth Communications In orbit Operational
28 July
09:22[34]
United States Falcon 9 Block 5 Starlink Group 9-4 United States Vandenberg SLC-4E United States SpaceX
United States Starlink × 21 SpaceX Low Earth Communications In orbit Operational
30 July
10:45[36]
United States Atlas V 551 AV-101 United States Cape Canaveral SLC-41 United States ULA
United States USA-396 United States Space Force Geosynchronous TBA In orbit Operational
United States USA-397 United States Space Force Geosynchronous TBA In orbit Operational
United States USA-398 United States Space Force Geosynchronous TBA In orbit Operational
USSF-51 Mission. Last National Security Space Launch (NSSL) mission on Atlas V as ULA transitions to the next generation Vulcan rocket for continued access to space. Launch vehicle was switched from Vulcan Centaur to Atlas V at ULA's request. This is ULA's 100th national security Space launch.[35]

August

[edit]
1 August
13:14[37]
China Long March 3B/E 3B-Y97 China Xichang LC-2 China CASC
China Weixing Hulianwang Gaogui-02 APT Satellite Holdings / CAST GTO to Geosynchronous Communications In orbit Operational
It is part of the Guowang (Xingwang) constellation.
2 August
05:01[38]
United States Falcon 9 Block 5 Starlink Group 10-6 United States Kennedy LC-39A United States SpaceX
United States Starlink × 23 SpaceX Low Earth Communications In orbit Operational
2 August
16:39[39]
United States Electron "Owl For One, One For Owl" New Zealand Mahia LC-1B United States Rocket Lab
Japan StriX-4[40] Synspective Low Earth Earth observation In orbit Operational
Fifth of 16 dedicated launches for Synspective's StriX constellation.
4 August
07:24[41]
United States Falcon 9 Block 5 Starlink Group 11-1 United States Vandenberg SLC-4E United States SpaceX
United States Starlink × 23 SpaceX Low Earth Communications In orbit Operational
First launch of Starlink Group 11 Satellites.
4 August
15:02[44]
United States Falcon 9 Block 5 F9-360 United States Cape Canaveral SLC-40 United States SpaceX
United States Cygnus NG-21
S.S. Francis R. "Dick" Scobee
NASA Low Earth (ISS) ISS logistics In orbit Docked to ISS
Australia Binar-2, -3, -4[45] Curtin University Low Earth Technology demonstration In orbit Operational
United States CySat 1 Iowa State University Low Earth Technology demonstration In orbit Operational
United States DORA Arizona State University Low Earth Technology demonstration In orbit Operational
Japan EMMA (CosmoGirl-Sat)[46] Cosmo Girl Amateur Radio Club Low Earth Amateur radio In orbit Operational
Japan SaganSat 0[47] Saga Prefecture Low Earth Educational In orbit Operational
Japan SAKURA[48] Chiba Institute of Technology Low Earth Educational In orbit Successful[49]
Japan Wisseed Sat[50] Wisseed-the-terra Low Earth Educational In orbit Operational
Second of three Cygnus spacecraft to be launched via Falcon 9. The ELaNa-52 mission, consisting of the CySat 1 and DORA cubesats, was launched on this flight. Emma, SaganSat 0, Sakura, Wisseed Sat, Binar-2, -3, -4 were deployed into orbit from the ISS on 29 August 2024.[42] CySat-1 and DORA were deployed into orbit from the ISS on 8 October 2024.[43]
6 August
06:42[52]
China Long March 6A 6A-Y21 China Taiyuan LA-9A China CASC
China Qianfan × 18 (G60 Polar Group 01) SSST Low Earth (Polar) Communications In orbit Operational
First launch of the Qianfan (Thousand Sails) broadband megaconstellation, formerly known as G60 Starlink constellation. Chinese state media reported that the launch was a complete success, however, like previous Long March 6A flights, mission ended with hundreds of pieces of trackable debris.[51]
10 August
12:50[53]
United States Falcon 9 Block 5 Starlink Group 8-3 United States Cape Canaveral SLC-40 United States SpaceX
United States Starlink × 21 SpaceX Low Earth Communications In orbit Operational
11 August
11:15[55]
United States Electron "A Sky Full Of SARs" New Zealand Mahia LC-1B United States Rocket Lab
United States Acadia-3 (Capella-13) Capella Space Low Earth Earth observation In orbit Operational
Third of four dedicated launches for Capella Space with Acadia satellites.[54]
12 August
02:02[56]
United States Falcon 9 Block 5 F9-362 United States Vandenberg SLC-4E United States SpaceX
Norway United States United Kingdom ASBM-1 (GX-10A / EPS-R 1) Space Norway / United States Space Force / Inmarsat / ViaSat Highly elliptical (Molniya) Communications In orbit Operational
Norway United States United Kingdom ASBM-2 (GX-10B / EPS-R 2) Space Norway / United States Space Force / Inmarsat / ViaSat Highly elliptical (Molniya) Communications In orbit Operational
12 August
10:37[57]
United States Falcon 9 Block 5 Starlink Group 10-7 United States Kennedy LC-39A United States SpaceX
United States Starlink × 23 SpaceX Low Earth Communications In orbit Operational
15 August
03:20[58]
Russia Soyuz-2.1a Kazakhstan Baikonur Site 31/6 Russia Roscosmos
Russia Progress MS-28 / 89P Roscosmos Low Earth (ISS) ISS logistics In orbit Docked to ISS
15 August
13:00[59]
United States Falcon 9 Block 5 F9-364 United States Cape Canaveral SLC-40 United States SpaceX
United States WorldView Legion 3 Maxar Technologies Low Earth Earth observation In orbit Operational
United States WorldView Legion 4 Maxar Technologies Low Earth Earth observation In orbit Operational
16 August
03:47[60][61]
India SSLV D3 India Satish Dhawan FLP India ISRO
India EOS-08 ISRO Low Earth Earth observation In orbit Operational
India SR-0 DEMOSAT Space Kidz India Low Earth TBA 3 November Successful
16 August
07:35[62]
China Long March 4B 4B-Y72 China Xichang LC-3 China CASC
China Yaogan 43-01A CAS Low Earth Reconnaissance In orbit Operational
China Yaogan 43-01B CAS Low Earth Reconnaissance In orbit Operational
China Yaogan 43-01C CAS Low Earth Reconnaissance In orbit Operational
China Yaogan 43-01D CAS Low Earth Reconnaissance In orbit Operational
China Yaogan 43-01E CAS Low Earth Reconnaissance In orbit Operational
China Yaogan 43-01F CAS Low Earth Reconnaissance In orbit Operational
China Yaogan 43-01G CAS Low Earth Reconnaissance In orbit Operational
China Yaogan 43-01H CAS Low Earth Reconnaissance In orbit Operational
China Yaogan 43-01I CAS Low Earth Reconnaissance In orbit Operational
First launch of Long March 4B from Xichang.
16 August
18:56[64]
United States Falcon 9 Block 5 Transporter-11 United States Vandenberg SLC-4E United States SpaceX
Italy ION SCV-012 Magnificent Monica[65] D-Orbit Low Earth (SSO) CubeSat deployer In orbit Operational
United States Acadia-5 (Capella-15)[66][67] Capella Space Low Earth (SSO) Earth observation In orbit Operational
Japan AMATERU-IV (QPS-SAR-8)[68] iQPS Low Earth (SSO) Earth observation In orbit Operational
Europe Arctic Weather Satellite (AWS)[69] ESA / EUMETSAT Low Earth (SSO) Meteorology
Technology demonstration
In orbit Operational
Poland EagleEye[70] Creotech Instruments Low Earth (SSO) Technology demonstration In orbit Operational
United States GNOMES-5[71] PlanetIQ Low Earth (SSO) Radio occultation In orbit Operational
United States Hawk 10A, 10B, 10C[72] HawkEye 360 Low Earth (SSO) SIGNIT In orbit Operational
Finland ICEYE × 4[73] ICEYE Low Earth (SSO) Earth observation In orbit Operational
Spain LUR-1[74] Added Value Solutions Low Earth (SSO) Earth observation In orbit Operational
Argentina ÑuSat 48, 49, 50[75] Satellogic Low Earth (SSO) Earth observation In orbit Operational
United States Tanager 1[76][77] Carbon Mapper / Planet Labs / JPL Low Earth (SSO) Earth observation In orbit Operational
United Kingdom Tyche[78] UKSC Low Earth (SSO) Reconnaissance
Technology demonstration
In orbit Operational
United States Umbra-09, 10[79] Umbra Space Low Earth (SSO) Earth observation In orbit Operational
United States YAM-7[80] Loft Orbital Low Earth (SSO) Payload hosting In orbit Operational
France BRO 14, 15[81] UnseenLabs Low Earth (SSO) SIGNIT In orbit Operational
Indonesia CAKRA-1[82] KPP Low Earth (SSO) Earth observation In orbit Operational
Turkey Connecta IoT × 4[83] Plan-S Low Earth (SSO) IoT In orbit Operational
Australia CUAVA-2[84] University of Sydney Low Earth (SSO) Technology demonstration In orbit Operational
United States Deimos[85] Aethero Space Low Earth (SSO) Earth observation In orbit Operational
Germany ERNST[86] Fraunhofer EMI Low Earth (SSO) Earth observation In orbit Operational
United States Flock-4BE × 36[87] Planet Labs Low Earth (SSO) Earth observation In orbit Operational
Senegal GAINDESAT-1A[88] Sensat / University of Montpellier Low Earth (SSO) Earth observation In orbit Operational
Sweden GNA-3[89] SSC Low Earth (SSO) TBA In orbit Operational
United States Hubble 3 (Lemur-2 190)[90] Spire Global / Hubble Network Low Earth (SSO) Earth observation In orbit Operational
Finland Hyperfield-1[91] Kuva Space Low Earth (SSO) Earth observation In orbit Operational
Norway HYSPO-2[92] NTNU Low Earth (SSO) Technology demonstration In orbit Operational
Italy Iperdrone.0[93] ASI Low Earth (SSO) Technology demonstration In orbit Operational
Australia Kanyini[94][95] Myriota Low Earth (SSO) IoT In orbit Operational
Chile Lemu Nge (Forest Eye)[96][97] Lemu Low Earth (SSO) Earth observation In orbit Operational
United States Lemur-2 × 6[90][98] Spire Global / Hubble Network Low Earth (SSO) Earth observation In orbit Operational
Taiwan Nightjar (Nanoavionics SDR)[99] TASA Low Earth (SSO) IoT In orbit Operational
United States OreSat0.5[100] Portland State University Low Earth (SSO) Technology demonstration In orbit Operational
Italy PICo-IoT × 9[101] Apogeo Space Low Earth (SSO) IoT In orbit Operational
United States PTD-R[102] NASA Ames Low Earth (SSO) Technology demonstration In orbit Operational
United States PTD-4 (LISA-T)[102] NASA Ames / MSFC Low Earth (SSO) Technology demonstration In orbit Operational
Germany QUBE-1[103] ZFT Low Earth (SSO) Amateur radio In orbit Operational
United States Rock[104] Array Labs Low Earth (SSO) Technology demonstration In orbit Operational
United States Lopen[105] Array Labs Low Earth (SSO) Technology demonstration In orbit Operational
United States Sedna-1[106] AAC Clyde Space Low Earth (SSO) Technology demonstration In orbit Operational
Spain Sateliot × 4[107] Sateliot Low Earth (SSO) IoT In orbit Operational
Taiwan SATORO-T2[108] SATORO Space Low Earth (SSO) Technology demonstration In orbit Operational
United States Tomorrow MS1, MS2[109] Tomorrow.io Low Earth (SSO) Meteorology In orbit Operational
Taiwan TORO[110] TASA Low Earth (SSO) Remote sensing In orbit Operational
United States TROOP-F2[111] NearSpace Launch Low Earth (SSO) Docking target In orbit Operational
Australia Waratah Seed WS-1[112] University of Sydney Low Earth (SSO) Technology demonstration In orbit Operational
Hungary WREN 1[100] CS3 Low Earth (SSO) Technology demonstration In orbit Operational
Morocco UM5-EOSAT[113] Mohammed V University Low Earth (SSO) TBA In orbit Operational
Morocco UM5SAT-RIBAT[114] Mohammed V University Low Earth (SSO) TBA In orbit Operational
Europe Φsat-2[115] ESA Low Earth (SSO) Technology demonstration In orbit Operational
1 undisclosed satellite[116] TBA Low Earth (SSO) TBA In orbit Operational
Dedicated SmallSat Rideshare mission to sun-synchronous orbit, designated Transporter-11. GAINDESAT-1A is the first Senegalese satellite.[63]
20 August
13:20[117]
United States Falcon 9 Block 5 Starlink Group 10-5 United States Cape Canaveral SLC-40 United States SpaceX
United States Starlink × 22 SpaceX Low Earth Communications In orbit Operational
22 August
12:25[118][119]
China Long March 7A 7A-Y9 China Wenchang LC-2 China CASC
China ChinaSat 4A China Satcom GTO to Geosynchronous Communications In orbit Operational
28 August
06:48[120]
United States Falcon 9 Block 5 Starlink Group 8-6 United States Cape Canaveral SLC-40 United States SpaceX
United States Starlink × 21 SpaceX Low Earth Communications In orbit Operational
The Falcon 9 first stage B1062 became the first booster to fly its 23rd flight, but it toppled over and was destroyed after landing on A Shortfall of Gravitas, breaking a streak of 267 successful landings for SpaceX.
29 August
05:20[121][122][123]
China Ceres-1S Y3 China Dong Fang Hang Tian Gang platform, Yellow Sea China Galactic Energy
China Yunyao-1 15-17 CGSTL Low Earth (SSO) Meteorology In orbit Operational
China Jitianxing A-03 (Suzhou 1) TBA Low Earth (SSO) TBA In orbit Operational
China Suxing 1-01 TBA Low Earth (SSO) TBA In orbit Operational
China Tianfu Gaofen 2 (Tianwei Technology 3, Huaxiangyuan 1) Tianwei Technology Low Earth (SSO) Earth observation In orbit Operational
Mission designated "How Far I'll Go".
31 August
07:43[124]
United States Falcon 9 Block 5 Starlink Group 8-10 United States Cape Canaveral SLC-40 United States SpaceX
United States Starlink × 21 SpaceX Low Earth Communications In orbit Operational
31 August
08:48[125]
United States Falcon 9 Block 5 Starlink Group 9-5 United States Vandenberg SLC-4E United States SpaceX
United States Starlink × 21 SpaceX Low Earth Communications In orbit Operational

September

[edit]
3 September
01:22[126][127]
China Long March 4B 4B-Y73 China Xichang LC-3 China CASC
China Yaogan 43-02A CAS Low Earth Reconnaissance In orbit Operational
China Yaogan 43-02B CAS Low Earth Reconnaissance In orbit Operational
China Yaogan 43-02C CAS Low Earth Reconnaissance In orbit Operational
China Yaogan 43-02D CAS Low Earth Reconnaissance In orbit Operational
China Yaogan 43-02E CAS Low Earth Reconnaissance In orbit Operational
China Yaogan 43-02F CAS Low Earth Reconnaissance In orbit Operational
5 September
01:50[128]
Europe Vega VV24 France Kourou ELV France Arianespace
Europe Sentinel-2C ESA Low Earth (SSO) Earth observation In orbit Operational
Final flight of the base Vega configuration, with future Vega launches set to use the upgraded Vega-C rocket. Third Sentinel-2 Earth observation satellite.
5 September
15:33[129]
United States Falcon 9 Block 5 Starlink Group 8-11 United States Cape Canaveral SLC-40 United States SpaceX
United States Starlink × 21 SpaceX Low Earth Communications In orbit Operational
5 September
18:30[130][127]
China Long March 6 Y11 China Taiyuan LA-16 China CASC
China GeeSAT-3 × 10 (21–30)[131] Geespace Low Earth Navigation
Communications
In orbit Operational
Ten GeeSAT-3 satellites for the Geely Future Mobility Constellation.
6 September
01:14[133]
United States Falcon 9 Block 5 F9-371 United States Vandenberg SLC-4E United States SpaceX
United States Starshield × 21 (USA-400 - USA-420) NRO Low Earth (SSO) Reconnaissance In orbit Operational
NROL-113 Mission (NRO's Proliferated Architecture Mission). The Third of eight dedicated launches of SpaceX/Northrop built Starshield satellites for the National Reconnaissance Office.[132]
10 September
09:23:49[134]
United States Falcon 9 Block 5 F9-372 United States Kennedy LC-39A United States SpaceX
United States Polaris Dawn SpaceX Low Earth (Elliptic) Human spaceflight research 15 September
07:37:10
Successful
Crew Dragon orbital flight carrying four civilian passengers for 5 days, led by Jared Isaacman. Aims to conduct the first commercial spacewalk. First mission of the Polaris Program, consisting of two Crew Dragon missions followed by the first crewed Starship mission. The highest Earth orbit to be achieved by a crewed spacecraft, and the farthest humans will venture from Earth since Apollo. First EVA by a private astronaut. Crew Dragon Resilience has been modified extensively for these purposes.
11 September
16:22[135]
Russia Soyuz-2.1a Kazakhstan Baikonur Site 31/6 Russia Roscosmos
Russia Soyuz MS-26 / 72S Roscosmos Low Earth (ISS) Expedition 71/72 In orbit Docked to ISS
12 September
08:52[136]
United States Falcon 9 Block 5 F9-373 United States Cape Canaveral SLC-40 United States SpaceX
United States BlueBird × 5 AST SpaceMobile Low Earth Communications In orbit Operational
BlueBird Block 1 Mission.
13 September
01:45[137]
United States Falcon 9 Block 5 Starlink Group 9-6 United States Vandenberg SLC-4E United States SpaceX
United States Starlink × 21 SpaceX Low Earth Communications In orbit Operational
14 September
06:30[138]
Iran Qaem 100 Iran Shahroud Space Center Iran IRGC
Iran Chamran 1 ISA / SaeIran Low Earth Technology demonstration In orbit Operational
17 September
07:00[138][139]
Russia Angara 1.2 Russia Plesetsk Site 35/1 Russia RVSN RF
Russia OO MKA №1 (Kosmos 2577) VKS Low Earth (SSO) Reconnaissance In orbit Operational
Russia OO MKA №2 (Kosmos 2578) VKS Low Earth (SSO) Reconnaissance In orbit Operational
17 September
22:50[140][141]
United States Falcon 9 Block 5 F9-375 United States Cape Canaveral SLC-40 United States SpaceX
Europe Galileo FOC FM26 ESA Medium Earth Navigation In orbit Operational
Europe Galileo FOC FM32 ESA Medium Earth Navigation In orbit Operational
Second and last Galileo launch on a Falcon 9 and overall thirteenth launch of Galileo satellites, carrying two satellites. Originally planned to launch on Soyuz ST-B, but scrapped due to geopolitical factors. Then moved to Ariane 6, which was also scrapped due to delays. Europe contracted SpaceX to launch the two pairs aboard Falcon 9.
19 September
01:14[142][127]
China Long March 3B/E / YZ-1 3B-Y80 China Xichang LC-2 China CASC
China BeiDou-3 M27 (BeiDou 59) CNSA Medium Earth Navigation In orbit Operational
China BeiDou-3 M28 (BeiDou 60) CNSA Medium Earth Navigation In orbit Operational
20 September
04:10[118][143]
China Long March 2D 2D-Y99 China Taiyuan LA-9 China CASC
China Jilin-1 Kuanfu-02B (01-06) Chang Guang Satellite Technology Low Earth (SSO) Earth observation In orbit Operational
Jilin-1 Kuanfu-02B 01 is also known as Qilian-1.
20 September
09:43[144][118]
China Kuaizhou 1A Y31 China Xichang China ExPace
China Tianqi 29–32 Guodian Gaoke Low Earth (SSO) IoT In orbit Operational
20 September
14:20[145]
United States Falcon 9 Block 5 Starlink Group 9-17 United States Vandenberg SLC-4E United States SpaceX
United States Starlink × 20 SpaceX Low Earth Communications In orbit Operational
20 September
23:01[146][147]
United States Electron "Kinéis Killed The RadIoT Star" New Zealand Mahia LC-1A United States Rocket Lab
France Kinéis × 5 Kinéis Low Earth IoT In orbit Operational
Second of five dedicated launches for Kinéis' IoT satellite constellation.
24 September
02:30[148][149]
China Jielong 3 Y4 China Dongfang Hang Tian Gang platform, South China Sea China China Rocket
China Tianyi-41 (Shenqi, Ganzhou 1) TBA Low Earth (SSO) TBA In orbit Operational
China Xingshidai-15 (Xianggang Qingnian Kechuang) ADASpace Low Earth (SSO) Earth observation In orbit Operational
China Xingshidai-21 (Kexing Liangxi Shuangzi 1) ADASpace Low Earth (SSO) Earth observation In orbit Operational
China Xingshidai-22 (Kexing Liangxi Shuangzi 2) ADASpace Low Earth (SSO) Earth observation In orbit Operational
China Fudan-1 (Lanmei Weilai) TBA Low Earth (SSO) TBA In orbit Operational
China Tianyan-15 (Zhuizhong Qianyan 1) TBA Low Earth (SSO) TBA In orbit Operational
China Jitianxing A-01 (Jilin Daxue 1) TBA Low Earth (SSO) TBA In orbit Operational
China Luojia 4-01 (Wuhan Dauxe Renmin Yiyuan Jiankang, Yuxing-2 05) Wuhan University Low Earth (SSO) TBA In orbit Operational
24 September
23:33[148][150]
China Kinetica 1 Y4 China Jiuquan LS-130 China CAS Space
China AIRSAT 01 (Zhongke 01) CAS Low Earth (SSO) Earth observation In orbit Operational
China AIRSAT 02 (Zhongke 02) CAS Low Earth (SSO) Earth observation In orbit Operational
China Jilin-1 SAR-01A Chang Guang Satellite Technology Low Earth (SSO) Earth observation In orbit Operational
China Yunyao-1 (21-22) CGSTL Low Earth (SSO) Meteorology In orbit Operational
25 September
04:01[151]
United States Falcon 9 Block 5 Starlink Group 9-8 United States Vandenberg SLC-4E United States SpaceX
United States Starlink × 20 SpaceX Low Earth Communications In orbit Operational
26 September
05:24:20[152]
Japan H-IIA 202 F49 Japan Tanegashima LA-Y1 Japan MHI
Japan IGS-Radar 8 CSICE Low Earth (SSO) Reconnaissance In orbit Operational
27 September
10:30[153][118][154]
China Long March 2D 2D-Y42 China Jiuquan SLS-2 China CASC
China Shijian 19 CAST Low Earth Reentry capsule
Technology demonstration
11 October
02:39
Successful
28 September
17:17:00[156]
United States Falcon 9 Block 5 F9-378 United States Cape Canaveral SLC-40 United States SpaceX
United States SpaceX Crew-9 SpaceX / NASA Low Earth (ISS) Expedition 72 / 73 In orbit Docked to ISS
Ninth operational Crew Dragon mission to the ISS. First crewed launch from SLC-40.[155] After NASA decided to return Starliner's Crewed Flight Test (CFT) vehicle uncrewed, it was decided that Crew-9 would launch with only 2 crew members of the originally intended 4, and land with the added 2 Starliner CFT crew. After Dragon separation, the second stage performed an off-nominal deorbit burn that, while it put the second stage on a reentry course over the ocean, made it fall outside of the predetermined safety area for reentry.

October

[edit]
4 October
11:25[157]
United States Vulcan Centaur VC2S[161] Cert-2
V-002
United States Cape Canaveral SLC-41 United States ULA
United States Mass simulator ULA Heliocentric Mass simulator In orbit Successful
Certification-2 mission, the second of two launches needed to certify the rocket for NSSL missions. Originally scheduled to carry the first flight of Dream Chaser; however, due to schedule delays with Dream Chaser, ULA flew a mass simulator with experiments and demonstrations of future Centaur V technologies.[157][158] Approximately 37 seconds into the launch, the nozzle on one of solid rocket boosters (SRB) fell off resulting in a shower of debris in the exhaust plume. Although the SRB continued to function for its full 90-second burn, the anomaly led to reduced, asymmetrical thrust. This caused the rocket to slightly tilt before the guidance system and main engines successfully corrected and extended their burn by roughly 20 seconds to compensate. Despite the anomaly, the rocket achieved a perfect orbital insertion.[159][160]
7 October
14:52[162]
United States Falcon 9 Block 5 F9-379 United States Cape Canaveral SLC-40 United States SpaceX
Europe Hera ESA Heliocentric Asteroid orbiter In orbit En route
Europe Juventas[163] ESA Heliocentric Asteroid probe In orbit Awaiting deployment
Europe Milani[164] ESA Heliocentric Asteroid probe In orbit Awaiting deployment
Falcon 9 First Stage Booster (B1061) is expended in this mission.
10 October
13:50[118][165]
China Long March 3B/E 3B-Y99 China Xichang LC-2 China CASC
China Weixing Hulianwang Gaogui-03 APT Satellite Holdings / CAST GTO to Geosynchronous Communications In orbit Operational
It is part of the Guowang (Xingwang) constellation.
14 October
16:06:00[166]
United States Falcon Heavy FH-011 United States Kennedy LC-39A United States SpaceX
United States Europa Clipper NASA Heliocentric to Jovicentric Jupiter orbiter In orbit En route
The launch Vehicle was switched from SLS to Falcon Heavy in July 2021.
15 October
06:10[167]
United States Falcon 9 Block 5 Starlink Group 10-10 United States Cape Canaveral SLC-40 United States SpaceX
United States Starlink × 23 SpaceX Low Earth Communications In orbit Operational
15 October
08:21[168]
United States Falcon 9 Block 5 Starlink Group 9-7 United States Vandenberg SLC-4E United States SpaceX
United States Starlink × 20 SpaceX Low Earth Communications In orbit Operational
15 October
11:06[52][148][170]
China Long March 6A 6A-Y20 China Taiyuan LA-9A China CASC
China Qianfan × 18 (G60 Polar Group 02) SSST Low Earth (Polar) Communications In orbit Operational
Second batch of satellites for the 14,000-satellite Thousand Sails megaconstellation.[169]
15 October
23:45[127][171]
China Long March 4C 4C-Y59 China Jiuquan SLS-2 China CASC
China Gaofen 12-05 CNSA Low Earth (SSO) Earth observation In orbit Operational
18 October
23:31[172]
United States Falcon 9 Block 5 Starlink Group 8-19 United States Cape Canaveral SLC-40 United States SpaceX
United States Starlink × 20 SpaceX Low Earth Communications In orbit Operational
20 October
05:13[173]
United States Falcon 9 Block 5 F9-383 United States Vandenberg SLC-4E United States SpaceX
United Kingdom OneWeb × 20 Eutelsat OneWeb Low Earth Communications In orbit Operational
OneWeb #20. First OneWeb launch since the Eutelsat – OneWeb merger in 28 September 2023.
22 October
00:10[174][118]
China Long March 6 Y13 China Taiyuan LA-16 China CASC
China Tianping 3A-01 CAS Low Earth (SSO) Radar calibration In orbit Operational
China Tianping 3B-01 CASIC Low Earth (SSO) Radar calibration In orbit Operational
China Tianping 3B-02 CASIC Low Earth (SSO) Radar calibration In orbit Operational
23 October
01:09[175][118][176]
China Long March 2C 2C-Y87 China Xichang LC-3 China CASC
China Yaogan 43-03A CAS Low Earth Reconnaissance In orbit Operational
China Yaogan 43-03B CAS Low Earth Reconnaissance In orbit Operational
China Yaogan 43-03C CAS Low Earth Reconnaissance In orbit Operational
23 October
23:08[177]
United States Falcon 9 Block 5 Starlink Group 6-61 United States Cape Canaveral SLC-40 United States SpaceX
United States Starlink × 23 SpaceX Low Earth Communications In orbit Operational
24 October
17:15[178]
United States Falcon 9 Block 5 F9-385 United States Vandenberg SLC-4E United States SpaceX
United States Starshield × 17 (USA-421 - USA-437) NRO Low Earth (SSO) Reconnaissance In orbit Operational
NROL-167 Mission (NRO's Proliferated Architecture Mission). The Fourth of eight dedicated launches of SpaceX/Northrop built Starshield satellites for the National Reconnaissance Office.[132] 100th Falcon 9 launch in 2024.
26 October
22:47[179]
United States Falcon 9 Block 5 Starlink Group 10-8 United States Cape Canaveral SLC-40 United States SpaceX
United States Starlink × 22 SpaceX Low Earth Communications In orbit Operational
29 October
20:27:34[180]
China Long March 2F/G 2F-Y19 China Jiuquan SLS-1 China CASC
China Shenzhou 19 CMSA Low Earth (TSS) Crewed spaceflight In orbit Docked to TSS
Eighth crewed mission to Tiangong Space Station (TSS).
30 October
11:30[181]
United States Falcon 9 Block 5 Starlink Group 9-9 United States Vandenberg SLC-4E United States SpaceX
United States Starlink × 20 SpaceX Low Earth Communications In orbit Operational
200th Starlink Launch.
30 October
21:10[182]
United States Falcon 9 Block 5 Starlink Group 10-13 United States Cape Canaveral SLC-40 United States SpaceX
United States Starlink × 23 SpaceX Low Earth Communications In orbit Operational
31 October
07:51:31[138][183]
Russia Soyuz-2.1a Russia Plesetsk Site 43/4 Russia RVSN RF
Russia Kosmos 2579 (Bars-M 6L)[184] VKS Low Earth Reconnaissance In orbit Operational

November

[edit]
4 November
06:48:00[185]
Japan H3-22S F4 Japan Tanegashima LA-Y2 Japan JAXA
Japan DSN-3 (Kirameki 3) DSN / JSDF GTO to Geosynchronous Communications In orbit Operational
4 November
23:18:40[121][186][187]
Russia Soyuz-2.1b / Fregat-M Russia Vostochny Site 1S Russia Roscosmos
Russia Ionosfera-M №1 IKI RAN Low Earth (SSO) Ionospheric research In orbit Operational
Russia Ionosfera-M №2 IKI RAN Low Earth (SSO) Ionospheric research In orbit Operational
Iran Kowsar[188] SpaceOMID Low Earth (SSO) Earth observation In orbit Operational
Russia Vladivostok-1 TBA Low Earth (SSO) TBA In orbit Operational
Russia Altair MSU Low Earth (SSO) Astronomical observation In orbit Operational
Russia HyperView-1G Samara University Low Earth (SSO) Earth observation In orbit Operational
Russia Khors 3, 4 IKI RAN Low Earth (SSO) Technology demonstration In orbit Operational
Russia MTUCI-1 MTUCI Low Earth (SSO) Technology demonstration In orbit Operational
Russia Norbi-3 NSU Low Earth (SSO) Space weather In orbit Operational
Russia ArcticSat-1 NArFU Low Earth (SSO) Earth observation In orbit Operational
Russia CSTP-2.1, CSTP-2.11, CSTP-2.2 Special Technology Center Low Earth (SSO) Technology demonstration In orbit Operational
Russia Gorizont BGTU Low Earth (SSO) Technology demonstration Earth observation In orbit Operational
Iran Hod-Hod 1A SpaceOMID Low Earth (SSO) IoT In orbit Operational
Russia Kolibri-S Samara University Low Earth (SSO) Remote sensing In orbit Operational
Russia Mordovia-IoT Mordovian State University Low Earth (SSO) IoT In orbit Operational
Russia Nokhcho Chechen State University Low Earth (SSO) IoT In orbit Operational
Russia Polytech Universe-4 SPbPU Low Earth (SSO) Remote sensing In orbit Operational
Russia Polytech Universe-5 SPbPU Low Earth (SSO) AIS IoT In orbit Operational
Russia RTU MIREA 1 RTU MIREA Low Earth (SSO) Technology demonstration In orbit Operational
Russia Ruzaevka-390 Mordovian State University Low Earth (SSO) Technology demonstration In orbit Operational
Russia SamSat-ION 2 (SamSat-Ionosphere) Samara University Low Earth (SSO) Ionosphere study In orbit Operational
Russia SIT-2086 Sitronics Group Low Earth (SSO) Remote sensing IoT In orbit Operational
Russia SIT-HSE SPbSUT Low Earth (SSO) Remote sensing IoT In orbit Operational
Russia SITRO-AIS × 24 Sitronics Group Low Earth (SSO) AIS ship tracking In orbit Operational
Russia TUSUR-GO TUSUR Low Earth (SSO) Technology demonstration In orbit Operational
Russia Vizard-ion MSU-STANDART Low Earth (SSO) Technology demonstration In orbit Operational
Russia YUZGU-60 SWSU Low Earth (SSO) Technology demonstration In orbit Operational
Zimbabwe ZimSat-2 (AMAISAT) TBA Low Earth (SSO) Earth observation In orbit Operational
RussiaChina ASRTU-1 (Frendship ATURK) HIT Low Earth (SSO) Amateur radio In orbit Operational
GK Launch Services commercial rideshare mission.
5 November
02:29[190][156]
United States Falcon 9 Block 5 F9-389 United States Kennedy LC-39A United States SpaceX
United States SpaceX CRS-31 NASA Low Earth (ISS) ISS logistics In orbit Docked to ISS
Japan DENDEN-01[191] KU / UF / MU / ArkEdge Space Low Earth Technology demonstration In orbit Operational
Japan LignoSat KyotoU Low Earth (ISS) Technology demonstration In orbit Operational
TaiwanJapan ONGLAISAT[192] TASA / UT Low Earth Earth Observation In orbit Operational
Japan YODAKA[193] UP Hanamaki Low Earth Educational / Earth observation In orbit Operational
Japan YOMOGI[194] Chiba Institute of Technology Low Earth Educational / Amateur Radio / Earth Observation In orbit Operational
LignoSat is credited as the world's first wooden satellite. All CubeSats were deployed into orbit from the ISS on 9 December 2024.[189]
5 November
10:54[195][148]
United States Electron "Changes In Latitudes, Changes In Attitudes" New Zealand Mahia LC-1B United States Rocket Lab
United StatesRwanda Protosat-1 E-Space Low Earth (SSO) Communications In orbit Operational
First of Four dedicated Electron launches for a confidential Customer.
7 November
20:19[196]
United States Falcon 9 Block 5 Starlink Group 6-77 United States Cape Canaveral SLC-40 United States SpaceX
United States Starlink × 23 SpaceX Low Earth Communications In orbit Operational
9 November
03:39[118][197]
China Long March 2C 2C-Y55 China Jiuquan SLS-2 China CASC
China PIESAT-2A 01 PIESAT Low Earth (SSO) Earth observation In orbit Operational
China PIESAT-2B 01–03 PIESAT Low Earth (SSO) Earth observation In orbit Operational
9 November
06:14[198]
United States Falcon 9 Block 5 Starlink Group 9-10 United States Vandenberg SLC-4E United States SpaceX
United States Starlink × 20 SpaceX Low Earth Communications In orbit Operational
11 November
04:03[148][199]
China Kinetica 1 Y5 China Jiuquan LS-130 China CAS Space
China Shiyan 26A TBA Low Earth (SSO) Technology demonstration In orbit Operational
China Shiyan 26B TBA Low Earth (SSO) Technology demonstration In orbit Operational
China Shiyan 26C TBA Low Earth (SSO) Technology demonstration In orbit Operational
China Jilin-1 Gaofen-05B-01 Chang Guang Satellite Technology Low Earth (SSO) Earth observation In orbit Operational
China Jilin-1 Pingtai-02A-03 (Yiyatong) Chang Guang Satellite Technology Low Earth (SSO) Earth observation In orbit Operational
China Yunyao-1 31-36 CGSTL Low Earth (SSO) Meteorology In orbit Operational
China Xiguang-1 04 (Quehua-1) XiopmSPACE Low Earth (SSO) Earth observation In orbit Operational
China Xiguang-1 05 (Tianxianpei) XiopmSPACE Low Earth (SSO) Earth observation In orbit Operational
China Tianyan-24 (Liangping) TBA Low Earth (SSO) Earth observation In orbit Operational
Oman OmanSat 1 (Oman Zhineng Yaogan 1) CAST / Star Vision Low Earth (SSO) Earth observation In orbit Operational
First flight of Kinetica 1 with a 3.35m fairing.
11 November
17:22[200][201]
United States Falcon 9 Block 5 F9-392 United States Kennedy LC-39A United States SpaceX
South Korea Koreasat 6A (Mugunghwa 6A) KT SAT GTO to Geosynchronous Communications In orbit Operational
Replacement for Koreasat 6.
11 November
21:28[202]
United States Falcon 9 Block 5 Starlink Group 6-69 United States Cape Canaveral SLC-40 United States SpaceX
United States Starlink × 24 SpaceX Low Earth Communications In orbit Operational
13 November
22:42[127][203]
China Long March 4B 4B-Y53 China Taiyuan LC-9 China CASC
China Haiyang-4A (Haiyang Yandu Tance) Ministry of Natural Resources Low Earth (SSO) Oceanography In orbit Operational
The first stage is equipped with grid fins to mitigate the impacts on possible landing area.
14 November
05:23[204]
United States Falcon 9 Block 5 Starlink Group 9-11 United States Vandenberg SLC-4E United States SpaceX
United States Starlink × 20 SpaceX Low Earth Communications In orbit Operational
14 November
13:21[205]
United States Falcon 9 Block 5 Starlink Group 6-68 United States Cape Canaveral SLC-40 United States SpaceX
United States Starlink × 24 SpaceX Low Earth Communications In orbit Operational
15 November
15:13:18[206]
China Long March 7 Y9 China Wenchang LC-2 China CASC
China Tianzhou 8 CMSA Low Earth (TSS) Space logistics In orbit Docked to TSS
China NaSat-4A Tsinghua University Low Earth Earth observation In orbit Awaiting deployment
China NaSat-4B Tsinghua University Low Earth Earth observation In orbit Awaiting deployment
Seventh cargo resupply mission to Tiangong space station (TSS)
17 November
22:19[207][118]
United States Falcon 9 Block 5 F9-396 United States Kennedy LC-39A United States SpaceX
Australia Optus-X (TD7/ADS 01) Optus GTO to Geosynchronous Communications In orbit Operational
18 November
05:53[208]
United States Falcon 9 Block 5 Starlink Group 9-12 United States Vandenberg SLC-4E United States SpaceX
United States Starlink × 20 SpaceX Low Earth Communications In orbit Operational
18 November
18:31[210]
United States Falcon 9 Block 5 F9-398 United States Cape Canaveral SLC-40 United States SpaceX
India GSAT-20 (GSAT-N2/CMS-03) NSIL / Dish TV GTO to Geosynchronous Communications In orbit Operational
Initially planned to launch on LVM3, but shifted to Falcon 9 due to weight and scheduling issues.[209]
19 November
22:00:00[212]
United States Starship Flight 6 United States Starbase OLP-A United States SpaceX
United States Stuffed banana SpaceX Transatmospheric Flight test 18 November
23:05:31
Successful
Sixth Starship orbital test flight. A stuffed banana served as the Zero-G indicator, becoming Starship's first payload, though it remained within the vehicle for the duration of the flight.[211]
21 November
12:22[213]
Russia Soyuz-2.1a Kazakhstan Baikonur Site 31/6 Russia Roscosmos
Russia Progress MS-29 / 90P Roscosmos Low Earth (ISS) ISS logistics In orbit Docked to ISS
21 November
16:07[214]
United States Falcon 9 Block 5 Starlink Group 6-66 United States Cape Canaveral SLC-40 United States SpaceX
United States Starlink × 24 SpaceX Low Earth Communications In orbit Operational
400th Falcon 9 Launch.
24 November
05:25[215]
United States Falcon 9 Block 5 Starlink Group 9-13 United States Vandenberg SLC-4E United States SpaceX
United States Starlink × 20 SpaceX Low Earth Communications In orbit Operational
100th Falcon 9 launch from Vandenberg.
24 November
23:39 [118][216]
China Long March 2C 2C-Y57 China Jiuquan SLS-2 China CASC
China Siwei Gaojing 2-03 (SuperView Neo 2-03)[217] China Siwei Low Earth (SSO) Earth observation In orbit Operational
China Siwei Gaojing 2-04 (SuperView Neo 2-04) China Siwei Low Earth (SSO) Earth observation In orbit Operational
25 November
03:55[147]
United States Electron "Ice AIS Baby" New Zealand Mahia LC-1 United States Rocket Lab
France Kinéis × 5 Kinéis Low Earth IoT In orbit Operational
Third of five dedicated launches for Kinéis' IoT satellite constellation.
25 November
10:02[218]
United States Falcon 9 Block 5 Starlink Group 12-1 United States Cape Canaveral SLC-40 United States SpaceX
United States Starlink × 23 SpaceX Low Earth Communications In orbit Operational
First launch of Starlink Group 12 Satellites.
27 November
02:00[127][219]
China Zhuque-2E Y1 China Jiuquan LS-96 China LandSpace
China Guangchuan-01 TBA Low Earth Communications In orbit Operational
China Guangchuan-02 TBA Low Earth Communications In orbit Operational
Maiden flight of Zhuque-2E, featuring an upgraded second stage.
27 November
04:41 [220]
United States Falcon 9 Block 5 Starlink Group 6-76 United States Kennedy LC-39A United States SpaceX
United States Starlink × 24 SpaceX Low Earth Communications In orbit Operational
29 November
21:50[186][221]
Russia Soyuz-2.1a / Fregat-M Russia Vostochny Site 1S Russia Roscosmos
Russia Kondor-FKA №2[222] Roscosmos Low Earth Reconnaissance In orbit Operational
30 November
05:00[223]
United States Falcon 9 Block 5 Starlink Group 6-65 United States Cape Canaveral SLC-40 United States SpaceX
United States Starlink × 24 SpaceX Low Earth Communications In orbit Operational
30 November
08:10[224]
United States Falcon 9 Block 5 Starlink Group N-01
F9-404
United States Vandenberg SLC-4E United States SpaceX
United States Starlink × 20 SpaceX Low Earth (SSO) Communications In orbit Operational
United States Starshield × 2 (USA-438 - USA-439) NRO Low Earth (SSO) Reconnaissance In orbit Operational
NROL-126 Mission (NRO's Proliferated Architecture Mission) coupled with 20 Starlink Group N-01 satellites. The Fifth of eight dedicated launches of SpaceX/Northrop built Starshield satellites for the National Reconnaissance Office.[132]
30 November
14:25 [226][118][227][228]
China Long March 12 Y1 China Wenchang Commercial LC-2 China CASC
China Hulianwang Jishu Shiyan 5A TBA Low Earth Communications In orbit Operational
China JSW-03 TBA Low Earth Technology demonstration In orbit Operational
Maiden flight of Long March 12.[225] First launch from the Wenchang Commercial Space Launch Site. First launch from the Wenchang Commercial Space Launch Site's LC-2. It is part of the Guowang (Xingwang) constellation.

December

[edit]
3 December
05:56[118][229]
China Long March 3B/E 3B-Y103 China Xichang LC-3 China CASC
China TJS-13 (Huoyan-1 04) SAST Highly elliptical (Molniya) Early warning In orbit Operational
100th Long March 3B launch.
4 December
04:46[230][118]
China Kuaizhou 1A Pro Y30 China Xichang China ExPace
China AIRSAT 08 (Zhongke 08/Haishao 1/Sea Sentinel-1) CAS VLEO Earth observation In orbit Operational
Maiden flight of an upgraded version of Kuaizhou 1A, Kuaizhou 1A Pro.
4 December
10:13[231]
United States Falcon 9 Block 5 Starlink Group 6-70 United States Cape Canaveral SLC-40 United States SpaceX
United States Starlink × 24 SpaceX Low Earth Communications In orbit Operational
B1067 has become the first booster to launch for its 24th time.
4 December
17:59[138][232]
Russia Soyuz-2.1b Russia Plesetsk Site 43/4 Russia RVSN RF
Russia Kosmos 2580 (Lotos-S1 №8)[233][118] VKS Low Earth ELINT In orbit Operational
1000th launch of the R-7 family of rockets from Plesetsk Cosmodrome.[citation needed]
5 December
00:29[234]
United States Falcon 9 Block 5 Starlink Group 9-14 United States Vandenberg SLC-4E United States SpaceX
United States Starlink × 20 SpaceX Low Earth Communications In orbit Operational
Last Batch of Starlink Direct-to-Cell transponders of the Starlink Direct-to-Cell Satellite constellation to be launched, completing the Starlink Direct-to-Cell Constellation.
5 December
04:41 [52][148][235]
China Long March 6A 6A-Y22 China Taiyuan LA-9A China CASC
China Qianfan × 18 (G60 Polar Group 03) SSST Low Earth (Polar) Communications In orbit Operational
Third batch of satellites for the 14,000-satellite Thousand Sails megaconstellation.
5 December
10:34[236][237]
India PSLV-XL C59 India Satish Dhawan FLP India NSIL
Europe PROBA-3 Coronagraph ESA Highly elliptical Solar observatory
Coronagraph
In orbit Operational
Europe PROBA-3 Occulter ESA Highly elliptical Solar observatory
Occulter
In orbit Operational
5 December
16:10[238][239]
United States Falcon 9 Block 5 F9-407 United States Kennedy LC-39A United States SpaceX
United States SXM-9 Sirius XM GTO to Geosynchronous Communications In orbit Operational
Replacement for the partly-failed SXM 7.
5 December
21:20[240][241]
Europe Vega-C VV25 France Kourou ELV France Arianespace
Europe Sentinel-1C ESA Low Earth (SSO) Earth observation In orbit Operational
Return to flight for Vega-C following the VV22 launch failure. Third Sentinel-1 satellite. Originally intended to launch on the Russian Soyuz launch vehicle; due to geopolitical factors, ESA moved Sentinel-1C to a Vega-C launch.
6 December
03:14[242][243]
Iran Simorgh Iran Semnan LP-2 Iran ISA
Iran Saman-1 ISA Low Earth Space tug In orbit Operational
Iran Fakhr-1 ISA Low Earth Communications In orbit Operational
Iran TBA TBA Low Earth TBA In orbit Operational
8 December
05:12 [244]
United States Falcon 9 Block 5 Starlink Group 12-5 United States Cape Canaveral SLC-40 United States SpaceX
United States Starlink × 23 SpaceX Low Earth Communications In orbit Operational
12 December
07:17 [245]
China Long March 2D / YZ-3 2D-Y60 China Jiuquan SLS-2 China CASC
China Gaosu Jiguang Zuanshi Xingzuo Shiyan Xitong (High-Speed Laser Diamond Constellation Test System) × 5 CASC Low Earth Technology demonstration In orbit Operational
13 December
21:55 [246]
United States Falcon 9 Block 5 Starlink Group 11-2 United States Vandenberg SLC-4E United States SpaceX
United States Starlink × 22 SpaceX Low Earth Communications In orbit Operational
16 December
10:00[118][247][248]
China Long March 5B / YZ-2 5B-Y6 China Wenchang LC-1 China CASC
China Huliangwang Digui × 10 (SatNet LEO Group 01) TBA Low Earth (Polar) Communications In orbit Operational
First batch of satellites for the 13,000-satellite Guowang (Xingwang) megaconstellation. Maiden flight of Long March 5B / YZ-2 Variant.
16 December
18:50 [118][249]
China Long March 2D 2D-Y99 China Taiyuan LA-9 China CASC
China PIESAT-2 09–12 PIESAT Low Earth (SSO) Earth observation In orbit Operational
The CZ-2D launcher flew with a 3.8m composite fairing for the first time.
17 December
00:51 [250][251][252][253][254]
United States Falcon 9 Block 5 F9-410 United States Cape Canaveral SLC-40 United States SpaceX
United States GPS III-07 Sally Ride (USA-440) U.S. Space Force Medium Earth Navigation  
Rapid Response Trailblazer-1 (RRT-1) Mission. Named after American astronaut Sally Ride, the first American woman in space. GPS III-7, originally scheduled to launch on a ULA Vulcan rocket, was reassigned to the Falcon 9 following uncertainties in Vulcan's readiness. As a result, GPS III-10, originally planned to launch on the Falcon 9, will now launch on Vulcan.
17 December
10:30 [255]
United States Falcon 9 Block 5 F9-411 United States Vandenberg SLC-4E United States SpaceX
United States Starshield × 20 (USA-441 - USA-460) NRO Low Earth (SSO) Reconnaissance In orbit Operational
NROL-149 Mission (NRO's Proliferated Architecture Mission). The Sixth of eight dedicated launches of SpaceX/Northrop built Starshield satellites for the National Reconnaissance Office.[132]
17 December
20:58 [256][257]
United States Falcon 9 Block 5 F9-412 United States Kennedy LC-39A United States SpaceX
Luxembourg O3b mPOWER 7 (O3b FM27) SES S.A. Medium Earth Communications In orbit Operational
Luxembourg O3b mPOWER 8 (O3b FM28) SES S.A. Medium Earth Communications In orbit Operational
18 December
02:00[258]
Japan KAIROS F2 Japan Spaceport Kii Japan Space One
Japan TATARA-1[259] Terra Space Low Earth Technology demonstration 18 December
02:03
Launch Failure
Japan ISHIKI[260] Hiroo Gakuen [ja] Low Earth Technology demonstration 18 December
02:03
Launch Failure
Japan SC-Sat1 Space Cubics Low Earth Technology demonstration 18 December
02:03
Launch Failure
Taiwan PARUS-T1A[261] TASA Low Earth TBA 18 December
02:03
Launch Failure
TBA TBA Low Earth TBA 18 December
02:03
Launch Failure
19 December
10:20 [262][118][263]
China Ceres-1S Y4 China Dong Fang Hang Tian Gang platform, South China Sea China Galactic Energy
China Tianqi 33–36 Guodian Gaoke Low Earth IoT In orbit Operational
Mission designated "Loong".
20 December
15:12[118][264]
China Long March 3B/E 3B-Y99 China Xichang LC-2 China CASC
China TJS-12 SAST Geosynchronous Early warning In orbit Operational
21 December
11:53 [266][267]
United States Falcon 9 Block 5 Bandwagon-2 United States Vandenberg SLC-4E United States SpaceX
South Korea 425 Project SAR Sat 2 DAPA Low Earth Reconnaissance In orbit Operational
United States Jackal 3 True Anomaly Low Earth TBA In orbit Operational
United States LizzieSat-2[268] Sidus Space Low Earth IoT In orbit Operational
United States LizzieSat-3[268] Sidus Space Low Earth IoT In orbit Operational
Finland ICEYE × 2[269] ICEYE Low Earth (SSO) Earth observation In orbit Operational
United States Think Orbital 2 Think Orbital Low Earth TBA In orbit Operational
United States Hawk 11A,11B,11C HawkEye 360 Low Earth SIGINT In orbit Operational
United States SC1[270] GITAI Low Earth Technology demonstration In orbit Operational
United States CTC 0 Exotrail Low Earth TBA In orbit Operational
Croatia CroCube[271] EVO, Spacemanic Low Earth (SSO) Earth observation In orbit Operational
Czech Republic LASARsat DoSpace, Planetum Low Earth (SSO) Technology demonstration In orbit Operational
United States XCUBE-1[272] Xplore Low Earth Earth observation In orbit Operational
United States Tomorrow S3-S4 Tomorrow.io Low Earth TBA In orbit Operational
Djibouti Djibouti 1B TBA Low Earth TBA In orbit Operational
United States Pleiades-Orpheus TBA Low Earth TBA In orbit Operational
United States Kaladin TBA Low Earth TBA In orbit Operational
Mongolia ONDOSAT-OWL 3–12 ONDOSPACE Low Earth TBA In orbit Operational
Dedicated SmallSat Rideshare mission to a 45-degree mid-inclination orbit, designated Bandwagon-2. Third of Five dedicated launches for DAPA 425 Project (425 Project Flight 3). CroCube is the first Croatian satellite.[265]
21 December
14:00 [273]
United States Electron "Owl The Way Up" New Zealand Mahia LC-1B United States Rocket Lab
Japan StriX-2 Synspective Low Earth (SSO) Earth observation In orbit Operational
Sixth of 16 dedicated launches for Synspective's StriX constellation.
23 December
05:00 [274]
United States Falcon 9 Block 5 Starlink Group 12-2 United States Kennedy LC-39A United States SpaceX
United States Starlink × 21 SpaceX Low Earth Communications In orbit Operational
25 December
07:45:42 [275]
Russia Soyuz-2.1b Kazakhstan Baikonur Site 31/6 Russia Roscosmos
Russia Resurs-P №5[276] Roscosmos Low Earth (SSO) Earth observation In orbit Operational
The Soyuz rocket launch will mark the 2000th launch of an R-7 series of rockets, since their introduction in 1957.
27 December
01:30 [148][199]
China Kinetica 1 Y6 China Jiuquan LS-130 China CAS Space
China Dier-3 (B300-L01) AZSpace Low Earth (SSO) TBA In orbit Launch Failure
China Yinglong 1 TBA Low Earth (SSO) TBA In orbit Launch Failure
China Yangwang 2 TBA Low Earth (SSO) TBA In orbit Launch Failure
China Yixian-A TBA Low Earth (SSO) TBA In orbit Launch Failure
China Yunyao-1 × 6 CGSTL Low Earth (SSO) Meteorology In orbit Launch Failure
France CASAA-Sat Marseille Astrophysics Laboratory Low Earth (SSO) TBA In orbit Launch Failure
Upcoming launches
29 December
02:00 [277]
United States Falcon 9 Block 5 Starlink Group 11-3 United States Vandenberg SLC-4E United States SpaceX
United States Starlink × ? SpaceX Low Earth Communications  
29 December
05:00 [279][280]
United States Falcon 9 Block 5 F9-417 United States Cape Canaveral SLC-40 United States SpaceX
United States Philippines AGILA[281] Astranis / Orbits Corp Geosynchronous Communications  
United States NuView A Astranis / Anuvu Geosynchronous Communications  
United States NuView B Astranis / Anuvu Geosynchronous Communications  
United States UtilitySat[278] Astranis / Pacific Dataport Geosynchronous Communications  
Astranis Block 2 mission carrying four MicroGEO satellites, of which three are operated by Astranis and leased to paying customers, while UtilitySat is set to temporarily replace Astranis' Arcturus satellite after a malfunctioning of its solar arrays.[278] Mission Designated "Astranis: From One to Many".
29 December
05:00 [282]
United States Falcon 9 Block 5 Starlink Group 12-6 United States Kennedy LC-39A United States SpaceX
United States Starlink × ? SpaceX Low Earth Communications  
30 December
16:00 [283]
India PSLV-CA C60 India Satish Dhawan FLP India ISRO
India SPADEX Chaser ISRO Low Earth Technology demonstration  
India SPADEX Target ISRO Low Earth Technology demonstration  
The POEM-4 non-deployable platform was hosted on the fourth stage.
December (TBD)[284] United States New Glenn NG-1 United States Cape Canaveral LC-36 United States Blue Origin
United States Blue Ring Pathfinder Blue Origin Low Earth Technology demonstration  
Maiden flight of Blue Origin's New Glenn rocket, carrying a prototype Blue Ring satellite servicing platform. First National Security Space Launch demonstration flight for New Glenn. DarkSky-1 will be hosted on the upper stage of this mission.

Suborbital flights

[edit]
Date and time (UTC) Rocket Flight number Launch site LSP
Payload
(⚀ = CubeSat)
Operator Orbit Function Decay (UTC) Outcome
Remarks
3 July
11:09[285]
Poland ILR-33 AMBER 2K Norway Andøya Poland Warsaw Institute of Aviation
Poland Warsaw Institute of Aviation Suborbital Test flight 3 July Successful
First Polish rocket to pass the Kármán line. Apogee: 101 km (63 mi).
16 July[286] Canada Black Brant IX MaGIXS-2 United States White Sands Missile Range United States NASA
United States MaGIXS-2 Marshall Space Flight Center Suborbital Heliophysics 16 July Successful
Second flight of the Marshall Grazing Incidence X-ray Spectrometer (MaGIXS).
22 July[287] India RH-560 Mk-III India Satish Dhawan India ISRO
India Air Breathing Propulsion Technology ISRO Suborbital Technology demonstration 22 July Successful
The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) successfully carried out the second experimental flight for the demonstration of Air Breathing Propulsion Technology. Apogee: 100 km (62 mi).
13 August
10:00[288]
United States Terrier-Improved Malemute ROCKSAT-X 2024 United States Wallops Flight Facility United States NASA
United States RockSat-X Colorado Space Grant Consortium Suborbital Education 13 August Successful
Apogee: 164 km (102 mi).
26 August
04:00[289]
Canada Black Brant IX United States White Sands Missile Range United States NASA
United States OAxFORTIS Johns Hopkins Suborbital Ultraviolet astronomy 26 August Successful
Off Axis Far-ultraviolet Off Rowland-circle Telescope for Imaging and Spectroscopy (OAxFORTIS). Apogee: 272 km (169 mi).
29 August
13:07[290][291]
United States New Shepard NS-26 United States Corn Ranch United States Blue Origin
United States Blue Origin NS-26 Blue Origin Suborbital Crewed spaceflight 29 August Successful
Apogee: 105.3 km (65.4 mi).
2 September
09:41[292][293][294]
Canada Black Brant V BOLT-1B Norway Andøya Germany MORABA
United States BOLT-1B JHUAPL Suborbital Laminar-turbulent transition 2 September Successful
Boundary Layer Transition (BOLT) experiment. Apogee: 254 km (158 mi).
3 September[295] Canada Black Brant IX United States White Sands Missile Range United States NASA
United States FURST Montana State University Suborbital Solar VUV astronomy 3 September Successful
6 September[296] India Agni-IV India Integrated Test Range India Ministry of Defence
India Ministry of Defence Suborbital Missile test 6 September Successful
15 September
03:30[297]
Yemen Toufan Yemen Yemen Houthis
Yemen Live warhead Houthis Suborbital Missile launch 15 September Intercepted
Apogee: 300 km (190 mi), targeted Israel.
21 September[298] Russia RS-28 Sarmat Russia Plesetsk Russia RVSN
Russia RVSN Suborbital Missile test 21 September Launch failure
25 September
00:44[299]
China DF-31? China Wenchang? China PLA Rocket Force
China Live warhead PLA Suborbital Missile test 25 September Successful
Apogee: 1,000 km (620 mi), ICBM test launch into Pacific Ocean, 12,000 km (7,500 mi) downrange.
28 September
18:00[300]
United States Terrier Oriole? JAKE United States Wallops Flight Facility United States NASA
United States Department of Defense Suborbital Technology demonstration 28 September Successful
Apogee: 100 km (62 mi).
1 October
13:09[301]
United States SpaceLoft XL SL-15 United States Spaceport America United States UP Aerospace
United States FOP NASA Suborbital Education 1 October Successful
Several payloads of NASA’s Flight Opportunities program were on board.
1 October
16:30[302]
Iran Shahab-3 / Emad / Kheibar Shekan / Ghadr-110 / Fattah-1 Iran Iran
Iran Iran Suborbital Missile launch 1 October Intercepted
Apogee: ~300 km (190 mi). About 181 missile launches.
13 October
12:25:00[303]
United States Starship Flight 5 United States Starbase OLP-A United States SpaceX
United States No payload SpaceX Suborbital Flight test 13 October
13:30:40
Successful
Fifth Starship orbital test flight. Successful controlled return of the Super Heavy booster to the launch site, caught by the arms of the launch tower.
20 October
18:24[305]
United States Aftershock II United States Black Rock Desert United States USCRPL
United States USCRPL Suborbital Student Rocket 20 October Successful
Apogee: 143.3 km (89.0 mi).[304]
23 October
15:30[306]
United States New Shepard NS-27 United States Corn Ranch United States Blue Origin
United States Blue Origin NS-27 Blue Origin Suborbital Technology demonstration 23 October Successful
Apogee: 101 km (63 mi)
24 October
23:10[307]
United States Terrier Oriole? United States Wallops Flight Facility United States NASA
United States Department of Defense Suborbital Technology demonstration 24 October Successful
Apogee: 100 km (62 mi).
30 October
22:11[308]
North Korea Hwasong-19 North Korea Chongdong North Korea KPA Strategic Force
North Korea KPA Strategic Force Suborbital Missile test 30 October Successful
Apogee: 7,687 km (4,776 mi).
6 November
07:01[309]
United States Minuteman III GT-251GM United States Vandenberg LF-10 United States AFGSC
United States AFGSC Suborbital Test flight 6 November Successful
Re-entered ~4,200 mi (6,800 km) downrange near Kwajalein Atoll.
8 November[310] Yemen Palestine 2 Yemen Yemen Houthis
Yemen Live warhead Houthis Suborbital Missile launch 8 November Intercepted
Targeted Israel.
8 November[311] United States SpaceLoft XL SL-20 United States Spaceport America United States UP Aerospace
United States Cyclone-1 Los Alamos National Laboratory Suborbital Technology demonstration 8 November Successful
After reaching apogee, a research payload was released and monitored by Laboratory scientists throughout its descent back to the Earth.
10 November
21:36:00[312]
Canada Black Brant IX VortEx 2 Norway Andøya United States NASA
United States VortEx Clemson University Suborbital Vapor trail deployment 10 November Successful
First of two launches for the Vorticity Experiment (VortEx) mission, carrying trimethylaluminum (TMA) vapor trails. Apogee: 358 km (222 mi).
10 November
21:38:00[312]
United States Terrier-Improved Orion VortEx 2 Norway Andøya United States NASA
United States VortEx Clemson University Suborbital Gravity wave research 10 November Successful
Second of two launches for the VortEx mission, carrying payload instruments. Apogee: 144 km (89 mi).
11 November
08:38[313]
Germany United States Red Kite/Improved Malemute MAPHEUS 15 Sweden Esrange Germany MORABA
Germany MAPHEUS-15 DLR Suborbital Microgravity research 11 November Successful
600th rocket launch from Esrange. Apogee: 309 km (192 mi).
11 November[310] Yemen Palestine 2 Yemen Yemen Houthis
Yemen Live warhead Houthis Suborbital Missile launch 11 November Intercepted
Targeted Israel.
14 November
02:30:00[314]
Japan S-520 S-520-34 Japan Uchinoura Space Center Japan JAXA
Japan DES2 JAXA Suborbital Technology demonstration 14 November Successful
Demonstration of rotating detonation engine system. Apogee: 217 km (135 mi).
15 November[315] India LRAShM India Integrated Test Range India Ministry of Defence
India Reentry vehicle Ministry of Defence Suborbital Missile test 15 November Successful
Successful test of Indias first Long-Range Hypersonic Missile (LRAShM).
21 November
03:00?[316]
Russia Oreshnik Russia Kapustin Yar Russia RVSN
Russia 6 Warheads? Ministry of Defence Suborbital Missile launch 21 November Successful
Targeted the Ukrainian city of Dnipro
22 November
15:30
United States New Shepard NS-28 United States Corn Ranch United States Blue Origin
United States Blue Origin NS-28 Blue Origin Suborbital Space tourism 22 November Successful
Apogee: 107 km (66 mi).[317] Ninth crewed New Shepard flight. Crew of six.
23 November[319]
11:58
Canada Black Brant IX United States White Sands Missile Range United States NASA
United States B-SPICE University of Michigan Suborbital Spacecraft charging mitigation 23 November Successful
Beam-Spacecraft Plasma Interaction and Charging Experiment (B-SPICE).[318]
24 November [321][322] United States HASTE "HASTE A La Vista" United States MARS LC-2 United States Rocket Lab
United States HIPPO Leidos Suborbital Technology demonstration 24 November Successful
First of four sub-Orbital launches for Leidos under the MACH-TB project.[320]
26 November
05:00[323][324]
Brazil VSB-30 Sweden Esrange Sweden SSC
Sweden S1X-M16 SSC Suborbital Microgravity research 26 November Successful
SubOrbital Express Microgravity flight opportunity 16.
27 November[325] India K-4 India INS Arighaat India Indian Navy
India Indian Navy Suborbital Missile test 27 November Successful
Apogee: ~500 km (310 mi).
29 November
16:19[326][327][328]
Brazil VS-30 Brazil Barreira do Inferno Launch Center Brazil Brazilian Space Agency
Brazil Department of Aerospace Science and Technology Suborbital Test flight 29 November 2024 Successful
Testing tracking system
5 December[329]
06:05
Oman Duqm-1 Oman Etlaq Spaceport Oman National Aerospace Services Company (NASCOM)
Oman No payload MTCIT Suborbital Test flight 5 December Successful
Oman's First Suborbital test flight of commercial sounding rocket from its newly established Sounding Rockets Launchpad for commercial uses
10 December[330] United States MRBM FEM-02 United States Boeing C-17 Globemaster III, Pacific Ocean United States MDA
United States MDA Suborbital Missile target 10 December Successful
Flight Experiment Mission-02 (FEM-02) test of the Aegis Ballistic Missile Defense System. SM-3 Block IIA target.
10 December[331] United States SM-3 Block IIA FEM-02 United States Anderson Air Force Base, Guam United States United States Navy
United States Kill vehicle United States Navy Suborbital Interceptor 10 December Successful
Flight Experiment Mission-02 (FEM-02) test of the Aegis Ballistic Missile Defense System. Successful intercept.
12 December
16:30[332]
United States Long-Range Hypersonic Weapon United States Cape Canaveral SLC-46 United States United States Army / United States Navy
United States Common-Hypersonic Glide Body (C-HGB) United States Army / United States Navy Suborbital Missile test 12 December Successful
First live-fire event for the Long-Range Hypersonic Weapon also known as Dark Eagle
14 December[334]
01:00
United States HASTE STONEHENGE United States MARS LC-2 United States Rocket Lab
United States TBA TBA Suborbital Technology demonstration 14 December Successful
The launch deal was signed with a confidential customer just days after the first HASTE launch took place.[333]
Upcoming launches
2024 (TBD)[335] Canada Aurora 1 Canada Spaceport Nova Scotia Canada Reaction Dynamics
Canada Reaction Dynamics Suborbital Test flight  
2024 (TBD)[336][337] South Korea Blue Whale 1 South Korea Setesia 1 offshore platform, Jeju Island South Korea Perigee Aerospace
South Korea Perigee Aerospace Low Earth Flight Test  
Suborbital test flight of the Blue Whale 1 orbital launch vehicle.
2024 (TBD)[338][339] Singapore Dorado United States TBA Singapore Equatorial Space
TBA Equatorial Space Suborbital Microgravity research  
Maiden flight of Dorado.
2024 (TBD)[340][341] Australia Kestrel I VS03 Australia Whalers Way Pad 1 Australia ATSpace
Australia Inovor Technologies / Ascension / Southern Launch Suborbital Test flight  
ECO TEST VS03. Second of three test launches from Pad 1 at Whalers Way. Expected apogee: 200 km (120 mi).
2024 (TBD)[340][341] Australia Kestrel I VS02 Australia Whalers Way Pad 1 Australia ATSpace
Australia ATSpace Suborbital Test flight  
ECO TEST VS02. Third of three test launches from Pad 1 at Whalers Way. Launch vehicle previously tested under the name "Hapith I".[342] Expected apogee: 200 km (120 mi).
2024 (TBD)[343] Spain Miura 1 Spain El Arenosillo Spain PLD Space
TBA TBA Suborbital TBA  
Second of two planned test flights.
2024 (TBD)[344][345] China RLV-T6 China Lenghu China LinkSpace
China LinkSpace Suborbital VTVL flight test  
Reusable Launch Vehicle T6 (RLV-T6). Expected apogee: 100 km (62 mi).
2024 (TBD)[346][347] United States SARGE BLK3 United States Spaceport America United States Exos Aerospace
United States Suborbital Test flight  
First Rapid Reusability demo launch.
2024 (TBD)[346][347] United States SARGE BLK3 United States Spaceport America United States Exos Aerospace
United States Suborbital Test flight  
Second Rapid Reusability demo launch.
2024 (TBD)[348][349] Netherlands T-Minus DART Germany North Sea launch platform Germany GOSA
Netherlands T-Minus Engineering Suborbital Test flight  
First launch from the North Sea spaceport. Part of the EOS Demo #1 launch campaign.
2024 (TBD)[350][351] China TBA China TBA China CAS Space
TBA TBA Suborbital Test flight  
Test flight of a reusable suborbital tourism rocket.
2024 (TBD)[352] United States HASTE United States MARS LC-2 United States Rocket Lab
United States TBA Leidos Suborbital Technology demonstration 14 December Successful
Second of four contracted launches for Leidos.

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Generic references:
Spaceflight portal