Train T

2T, 4T, 6T
Type	In line air-cooled inverted piston engine
National origin	France
Manufacturer	Établissements E. Train

The Train 2T, 4T and 6T were low power piston engines for light aircraft, produced in France. They were inverted, air-cooled in-line engines with the same bore and stroke, differing chiefly in the number of cylinders.

Design and development

In the 1930s Train introduced a series of air-cooled, inverted in-line piston engines for light aircraft. The T series all used the same cylinders, pistons, connecting rods, valve trains and ignition system, combined into 2 (2T), 4 (4T), and 6 (6T) cylinder units of the same layout. The number of crankshaft bearings (3, 5 or 7) and throws (2, 4 or 6) naturally depended on the number of cylinders, as did the number of cams (4, 8 or 12) on the underhead camshaft. Each cylinder had a swept volume of 0.5 L (30.5 cu in), so the displacements were 1 L (61.0 cu in), 2 L (122.0 cu in) and 3 L (183.1 cu in) and the rated outputs 15 kW (20.1 hp), 30 kW (40.2 hp) and 44.7 kW (60 hp) respectively. The Train 6D was a variant of the 6T with increased bore of 85 mm (3.3 in).^[1]

Operational history

Several International 2-litre Class records were set in 1937 by aircraft powered by the Train 4T. On 7 June 1937 M. Duverene averaged 154.5 km/h (96.0 mph; 83.4 kn) over 1,000 km (621.4 mi; 540.0 nmi) and 95 km/h (59.0 mph; 51.3 kn) over 1,000 km (621.4 mi; 540.0 nmi) in a single engine Kellner-Béchereau E.1. On 27 December 1937 Mme Lafargue reached an altitude of 4,935 m (16,191 ft) in a Touya, setting both a class and a women's record.^[1]

It also powered aircraft on some notable cross-country flights; on 30 December 1937 M. Lenee flew a Kellner-Béchereau E.1 from Elde to Biarritz, a distance of 1,229 km (763.7 mi; 663.6 nmi); the same day M. Blazy flew a two-seat SFAN 5 aircraft from Guyancourt to Champniers, Charente, covering 330 km (205.1 mi; 178.2 nmi).^[1]

Six Train 4Ts were used in the 2 seat, 18 m (59.1 ft) span Potez-CAMS 160 flying boat, a 1:2.6 scale model of the large Potez-CAMS 161 aircraft.^[2]

Variants

From Jane's All the World's Aircraft 1938^[1] unless noted

Train 2T: 2-cylinders, 80 mm (3.15 in), 1 L (61.0 cu in), 15 kW (20.1 hp)

Train 4T

4-cylinders, 80 mm (3.15 in), 2 L (122.0 cu in), 30 kW (40.2 hp)

Train 4A - 30–41 kW (40–55 hp) variant of the 4T^[3]

Train 4E - 37–41 kW (50–55 hp) variant of the 4T^[3]

Train 6T: 6-cylinders, 80 mm (3.15 in), 3 L (183.1 cu in), 44.7 kW (60 hp)

Train 6C-01: Powered the Tokyo Imperial University LB-2

Train 6D: 6-cylinders, 85 mm (3.35 in), 3.4 L (207.5 cu in), 62 kW (83.1 hp)

Applications

From Jane's All the World's Aircraft 1938^[1] and www.AviaFrance

4-cylinder models

Brochet MB.50 (4T)
Carmier T.10 (4A)
Caudron C.344 (4T)
Chilton D.W.1A (4T)
Druine Aigle 777 (4T)
Duverne-Saran (4T)
Hennion 01 (4A 01)
Kellner-Béchereau E.1 (4T)
Mauboussin Hémiptère (4T)
Morane-Saulnier MS-660 (4E-01)
Nicolas-Claude NC-2 Aquilon (4E-01?)
Payen AP-10 (4T)
Potez-CAMS 160 (4T or 4A-01)
Régnier 12 (4T)
Touya aircraft^{[clarification needed]} (4T)
Trébucien Sport (4T)

6-cylinder models

Specifications (4T)

Data from Jane's All the World's Aircraft 1938^[1]

General characteristics

Type: 4-cylinder inline inverted air-cooled
Bore: 80 mm (3.15 in)
Stroke: 100 mm (3.94 in)
Displacement: 2.01 L (123 in³))
Length: 670 mm (26.4 in)
Width: 240 mm (9.45 in)
Height: 516 mm (20.3 in)
Dry weight: 46 kg (101 lb)

Components

Valvetrain: Valves directly operated by cams on underhead camshaft, driven from crankshaft via bevel gears. One inlet and one exhaust valve/cylinder.
Fuel system: single carburetter
Ignition system: Choice of one or two magnetos with one or two plugs/cylinder
Oil system: Pumped under pressure from external tank, feeding main bearings and big ends; little ends and piston walls spray fed. Gravity return. Underhead valve gear in full length oil bath.
Cooling system: air
Reduction gear: None
Cylinders: Machined steel barrels with aluminium-bronze heads containing machined valve seat and secured with long bolts to crankcase.

Pistons: Aluminium alloy. Floating gudgeon pins. Three compression and one scraper ring/cylinder
Connecting rods: Forged duralumin with split big ends.
Crankshaft: 4-throw steel casting with 5 white metal lined bearings. Front ball race thrust bearing.
Crankcase: Aluminium casting in top and bottom halves, with capped crankshaft bearings in the lower part.

Performance

Power output: Rated 30 kW (40 hp), actual 33 kW (44 hp), both at 2,300 rpm
Specific power: 16.5 kW/L (0.64 hp/in³)
Compression ratio: 6:1
Specific fuel consumption: 322 g/(kW·h) (0.529 lb/(hp·h))
Oil consumption: 61 g/(kW·h) (0.10 lb/(hp·h))
Power-to-weight ratio: 0.72 kW/kg (0.44 hp/lb)

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Grey, C.G. (1972). Jane's All the World's Aircraft 1938. London: David & Charles. p. 56d. ISBN 0-7153-5734-4.
^ Grey, C.G. (1972). Jane's All the World's Aircraft 1938. p. 111c.
^ ^a ^b "Un nouveaux moteur: le Train 4E-01 de 50/55CV". Les Ailes (946): 7. 24 August 1936.
^ "Que reste-t-il des Avions du 1936?". Les Ailes (910): 15. 3 November 1938.

[JAWA38-1] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Grey, C.G. (1972). Jane's All the World's Aircraft 1938. London: David & Charles. p. 56d. ISBN 0-7153-5734-4.

[JAWA1938a-2] Grey, C.G. (1972). Jane's All the World's Aircraft 1938. p. 111c.

[Lailes1-3] "Un nouveaux moteur: le Train 4E-01 de 50/55CV". Les Ailes (946): 7. 24 August 1936.

[Lailes2-4] "Que reste-t-il des Avions du 1936?". Les Ailes (910): 15. 3 November 1938.

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