Amaurobiidae
| Tangled nest spiders Temporal range:
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| Callobius sp. | |
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| Pimus sp. | |
Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Subphylum: | Chelicerata |
| Class: | Arachnida |
| Order: | Araneae |
| Infraorder: | Araneomorphae |
| Family: | Amaurobiidae Thorell, 1869 |
| Diversity | |
| 26 genera, 202 species | |
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Amaurobiidae is a family of three-clawed cribellate or ecribellate spiders found in crevices and hollows or under stones where they build retreats, and are often collected in pitfall traps. Unlidded burrows are sometimes quite obvious in crusty, loamy soil.[1][2] They are difficult to distinguish from related spiders in other families, especially Agelenidae, Desidae and Amphinectidae. Their intra- and interfamilial relationships are contentious.
In Australia, they are small to medium-sized entelegyne spiders with minimal sheet webs.[2] They are fairly common in Tasmania and nearby mainland Australia in cooler rainforest, some in caves. They are widespread but uncommon along the eastern coastline. They generally have eight similar eyes in two conservatively curved rows. They often have a calamistrum on metatarsus IV associated with a cribellum. Australian amaurobiids may be distinguished from the Amphinectidae by the absence of a pretarsal fracture and the presence of a retrocoxal hymen on coxa I.[3]
Reorganization
[edit]This family has lost and gained several genera resulting from wide-ranging DNA analysis of spider families. It lost Bakala and Manjala to Desidae, while Toxopidae took in Midgee and the monotypic genus Jamara. It also lost some of Australia's medium-sized brown spiders including Tasmabrochus, Tasmarubrius, and Teeatta) to Macrobinidae,[4] all of which are claimed to be common in Tasmania and mainland Australia but are rarely seen or recorded. The lack of research replicability and absence of photographic proof in species and genus diagnosis has resulted in low performance in computer recognition models and citizen science platforms for these genera. [5]
Genera
[edit]As of December 2024[update], the World Spider Catalog accepts the following genera:[6]
- Altellopsis Simon, 1905 — Argentina
- Amaurobius C. L. Koch, 1837 — North America, South America, Europe, Africa, Georgia, Micronesia
- Arctobius Lehtinen, 1967 — United States, Canada, Russia
- Auhunga Forster & Wilton, 1973 — New Zealand
- Callobius Chamberlin, 1947 — North America, Bulgaria, Asia
- Cybaeopsis Strand, 1907 — North America, Asia
- Dardurus Davies, 1976 — Australia
- Daviesa Koçak & Kemal, 2008 — Australia
- Ecurobius Zamani & Marusik, 2021 — Iran
- Himalmartensus Wang & Zhu, 2008 — Nepal, India
- Maloides Forster & Wilton, 1989 — New Zealand
- Muritaia Forster & Wilton, 1973 — New Zealand
- Neuquenia Mello-Leitão, 1940 — Argentina
- Otira Forster & Wilton, 1973 — New Zealand
- Ovtchinnikovia Marusik, Kovblyuk & Ponomarev, 2010
- Oztira Milledge, 2011 — Australia
- Pimus Chamberlin, 1947 — United States
- Rhoicinaria Exline, 1950 — Colombia, Ecuador
- Storenosoma Hogg, 1900 — Australia
- Taira Lehtinen, 1967 — China, Japan
- Tugana Chamberlin, 1948 — Cuba
- Tymbira Mello-Leitão, 1944 — Argentina
- Virgilus Roth, 1967 — Ecuador
- Wabarra Davies, 1996 — Australia
- Waitetola Forster & Wilton, 1973 — New Zealand
- Yacolla Lehtinen, 1967 — Brazil
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ "Amaurobiidae Hackled-mesh Weavers". www.arachne.org.au. Retrieved 2019-03-20.
- ^ a b Whyte, Robert; Anderson, Greg (June 2017). A field guide to spiders of Australia. Clayton, Vic. ISBN 9780643107083. OCLC 973390260.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ [1] Spiders of Australia Archived 2011-11-30 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ https://wsc.nmbe.ch/family/165/Macrobunidae
- ^ https://www.inaturalist.org/observations?taxon_id=418864
- ^ "Family: Amaurobiidae Thorell, 1870". World Spider Catalog. Natural History Museum Bern. Retrieved 2024-12-23.
External links
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| Authority control databases: National |
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