Talk:Ethiopian–Adal War

Invasion or War

Wouldn't a better name for this subject be "The Invasion of Ahmad Gragn"? After all, Gragn did not see this conflict in terms of Adal vs. Ethiopia, but as Moslem vs. Christian. At least the author of the Futuh colors his account of this series of violent events with this mindset, separating his campaigns into the Ethiopian highlands into "The first Jihad", "The second Jihad", etc. -- llywrch 18:54, 11 October 2007 (UTC)

War

Hi there and thnx for getting involved with the article. I tried to have a discussion on the naming of this conflict on like 4 different pages and got zero feedback. I was gonna go with your title, but opted for this one for two reason

• 1...I figured the name was too cumbersom and would make the article hard to find
• 2...I figured a conflict between organized states for FOURTEEN YEARS was more than just an invasion. For instance, when America attack Iraq, it was dubbed "the american invasion of iraq" for the first year or two. After being there for two more, it became "the iraq war". just something to chew on there.
• 3...i went to a lot of trouble linking other pages with this article and really don't wanna change the name now.

I see your point tho. The war began and ended with Ahmad Gragn. But the Adal (it's a people as well as a sultanate) were the driving force in the fight. They had revolted against Ethiopia before. Ahmad Gran just made them successful.

On another note, 'm glad some1 has access to a book about this conflict cuz my personal library has virtualy nothing on the subject. I went with Abyssinian-Adal War or Ethiopian-Adal War to keep with naming traditions of other conflicts. I think we may need a redirect from the name u suggested tho. In terms of framing the conflict, pretty much all muslim rulers look at conflicts as "Believers" against "Infidels" during this period. That's propaganda 101. They used this terminology even against other muslim states. let me know what u think. hopefully some other folks will get involved and we can have a proper vote (and a proper page, lol) on this subject.Scott Free 20:47, 11 October 2007 (UTC)

I admit that finding information about this period in history is difficult. For example, the Futuh al-habasa was only available in a French translation from the late 19th century until a few years ago, when Paul Stenhouse published his English translation; however, this book takes things only up to the middle of the invasion. Then there are the two sources that R.S. Whiteway translated back in 1902 -- fortunately, you can obtain an electronic copy of this work in PDF format thru Google books. (More details at Ahmad ibn Ibrihim al-Ghazi and Dawit II of Ethiopia.) I've been slow in working on this due to inherent nature of working with primary sources: ignore the original research concerns, constructing a coherent narrative from primary sources is much like assembling a jigsaw puzzle, only you never know if you have all of the pieces! As for secondary sources, most of the ones I've found cover the 14 years at most a page or two, & often fail to have adequate access to all of the primary sources. Then there is the nationalist angle, e.g. was the Imam Ahmad Gragn a Somali? It's a tough topic, & not for the timid; I only wish I were less timid. ;-) llywrch 18:39, 12 October 2007 (UTC)

I actually have a copy of Pankhurst's translation of the Futuh although it's at home and not accessible to me right now, though I'm sure my library has a copy, so I'll work on this article when I can, but it'll have to be very infrequently. You should check out Pankhurst's Ethiopian borderlands, though, Llywrch. It covers the period covered by the Futuh with respective to the outlying provinces (basically all of the first years) extensively, which can help set up a basic chronology, although won't help that much in precise dates, strategies, attacks, etc. For that, you may try it's entry (I think under Ahmed Gragn) in the Encyclopaedia Aethiopica. — ዮም | (Yom) | Talk • contribs • Ethiopia 19:10, 12 October 2007 (UTC)

You guys rock! Thnx for putting those sources out there. i found an english translation of the Futuh al-habasa on amazon.com so i'll see if i can get my hands on it.Scott Free 19:29, 12 October 2007 (UTC)

HELP

Since every1's so interested in the name of this conflict, can we please get some contribs on the ACTUAL WAR?Scott Free 12:28, 22 October 2007 (UTC)

Tena yistilign, I tried to improve the article a bit, I hope it's alright, I'm gonna work on it the next days by incorporating some informations given on the German wikipedia [1] and here[2].--RasNehemia 19:48, 2 December 2007 (UTC)

thnx. of course it needs filling out and im not sure about all the fact but at least its something. you've done a lot more than us. :) Scott Free 20:05, 2 December 2007 (UTC)

Yep, we definately need some references and confirmations for this article. It's all in all very vague and you're hardly able to find anything regarding this war on the Internet.--RasNehemia 14:53, 3 December 2007 (UTC)

Rename to Abyssinian-Adal-War

The term Ethiopia was not used in the 15-16th century to refer the land now known as the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia. Instead of Ethiopia the land was known as Abbysinia. Runehelmet (talk) 22:04, 17 March 2012 (UTC)

And "Abyssinia" was not used at that time either; IIRC, the most common European label for this part of the world was "Hither India". "Abyssinia" comes from the local name for the inhabitants of the Ethiopian Highlands. So it's six of one & half-dozen of the other; one could make an argument for either "Ethiopia" or "Abyssinia" based on personal preference. -- llywrch (talk) 19:19, 20 June 2012 (UTC)

I think all things considered both have value, I do prefer Abyssinia, because at least it is closer to Adal. Like UK - Roman history, ..I dont know. How do most historians refer to it? that would be the issue.? per WP:TITLE--Inayity (talk) 17:50, 15 November 2012 (UTC)

Yes, Abyssinia appears most accurate. It denotes a specific part of present-day Ethiopia (the highlands), where the other belligerent was based. This is also encapsulated in Shihāb al-Dīn's historic Futuh Al-Habash ("Conquest of Abyssinia"), which chronicles the war. Middayexpress (talk) 22:30, 18 December 2013 (UTC)

You guys don't seem to know what you're talking about. (1) “Ethiopia”'s been in use since the Greeks; was adopted by the Ethiopians themselves at least as early as Axum; and continued to be used by English-speaking Classicists throughout the entire period. (2) The land was known as Abyssinia (one B) to the Arabs from their name al-Habash(a) (so, yes, of course the Arab historian uses it but that should raise WP:POV flags in our coverage) and it was used much later once Brits started trading with them. In the 19th century, the Turkish and Egyptian usage gained in relative strength, but (3) it was never a done thing and Haile Selassie won a heart-and-minds tour during his WWII exile that got people to start using the local name again. (4) My own thought is, at this late date for a present-day article, "Abyssinia" is a needless archaic and unhelpful (and—given its status as an exonym imposed by one of the belligerents—POVy) name that doesn't serve our readers well.

As Inayity pointed out, what's pressing is what this event is called by our contemporary historians. I can't find anything that clearly registers on Ngram—the COMMONNAME is probably something like "Somali invasion of Ethiopia" but that's skewed by other migrations and would obviously lead to confusion with the Ogaden War if we used it here—but the fact that every source on this page is using the name Ethiopia probably isn't a good sign about this move. — LlywelynII 13:27, 20 February 2014 (UTC)

(Having perused the etym pages to double-check myself, it looks like modern scholarship has discovered that ḤBŠT is attested in early South Arabian; referred to a group of people apart from the Axumites; and has since been adopted into Ge'ez to refer to some Ethiopian peoples. That does make it less pejorative but still doesn't make it any more current for English usage, any more likely to be the current scholarly usage, or any more accurate in describing the country, which was not ever known as any form of HBST except among the Arabs and Somalis.) — LlywelynII 13:43, 20 February 2014 (UTC)

Motives

Is there any deeper insight into the motives for the invasion, there is always some reason beyond religious zeal.--Inayity (talk) 17:39, 15 November 2012 (UTC)

there's a few that can be mentioned 1. the wife of Ahmad ibn Ibrihim al-Ghazi may have persuaded him to avenge the killing of her father "Mahfuz" by abyssinian forces..interestingly she made her new husband "Nur ibn Mujahid" promise to avenge her ex husbands death before marrying her.. or 2. The tales of Amda Seyon I massacring muslims centuries before Ahmad ibn Ibrihim al-Ghazi could have ignited the need for invasion..3. destruction of Ifat Sultanate by abyssinians also in the book "futuh al habasa" its mentioned constant raids by abyssinian monarchs had set the boiling point. Baboon43 (talk) 02:14, 16 November 2012 (UTC)

Let us put this in the article, even if we title it Possible Motives, I have seen it done with the Lebanese civil war.--Inayity (talk) 07:44, 16 November 2012 (UTC)

The root of the conflict between the Christian Abyssinians and the Muslim peoples of Adal actually dates much earlier to the 9th or 10th centuries, when Zeila was still Adal's headquarters [3]:

"Many centuries of trade relations with Arabia began with the establishment of commercial colonies along the coast by the Himmyarite kingdom and these eventually developed into the two small states of Zeila or Adal in the north and Mogadishu in the south, where local dynasties of Somalized Arabs or Arabized Somali ruled. The kingdom of Zeila, centre of the Adal Sultanate, is mentioned under this name first by Al-Yaqubi, then in the second half of the 10th century references occur in al-Istakhri, Ibn Hawqal, and al-Muqaddasi. Later descriptions come from Ibn Said, Maqrizi, and Abu'l-Fida. The Adal Sultanate with its capital Zeila thus appears to date from the 9th or 10th century and its history from its origins is the chronicle of a series of wars with Abyssinia."

Middayexpress (talk) 19:13, 16 November 2012 (UTC)

Let add it, I think it is important. Connects everything. --Inayity (talk) 19:55, 16 November 2012 (UTC)

Agreed. I've added a short summarizing paragraph; should cover it. Middayexpress (talk) 20:33, 16 November 2012 (UTC)

abit conflicting seeing in the 9th century existed sultanate of shewa which was absorbed by ifat then rose adal sultanate. although adal state existed it can be no motive into the invasion since ifat was the ruler of the region so its more acceptable to say ifats destruction is a motive

"9th century onwards. The first to emerge was the sultanate of shoa, founded by a dynasty called mahzumi in 897 AD. Eventually torn by interrnal divisions and weakened by feuds with neighbouring Muslim dependencies its decline paved the way for its annexation by the Ifat sultanate. increasing strife with the expansionist christian kingdom in the north eventually led to the vanishing of ifat and the surfacing of another, the sulanate of Adal".Localising Salafism Religious Change among Oromo Muslims in Bale,Ethiopia-p.56-57 Baboon43 (talk) 21:13, 16 November 2012 (UTC)

The roots of the Adal-Abyssinian conflict date back further than that, to the period when Adal was still centered in Zeila [4]:

"Situated in the state of Ifat, Berbera formed part of the Muslim province of Adal, whose amir, or commander, was apparently strong enough to rule Ifat in the fifteenth century. Founded in the ninth or tenth century, Adal frequently served as a refuge for Muslims farther to the south, who sought to flee Abyssinian jurisdiction. Its rulers belonged to the ruling house of Zeila, and the history of the two areas was [sic] often linked. Adal reached its zenith in the fourteenth century, but declined precipitously during the Muslim struggles to conquer Abyssinia in the sixteenth century."

Middayexpress (talk) 17:20, 17 November 2012 (UTC)

Article is wrong

Adal Sultanate occupied Ethiopia for 7 years or so. The emperor was on the run just like he was during the Second Italo-Abyssinian War. The article at the moment makes it seem like there was continues war for decades when thats not true. Im not sure how to go about reworking the article yet. Zekenyan (talk) 10:12, 19 January 2016 (UTC)

They didn't occupy all of Abyssinia.parts of Abyssinia such as Gojjam were not under Adal occupation and men of Gojjam Also formed the Abyssinian cavalry that slaughtered the Adalites at the last battle. Reporter104 (talk) 13:11, 14 October 2020 (UTC)

External links modified

Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified one external link on Abyssinian–Adal war. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:

• Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20080228080936/http://130.238.24.99/library/resources/dossiers/local_history_of_ethiopia/A/ORTAST.pdf to http://130.238.24.99/library/resources/dossiers/local_history_of_ethiopia/A/ORTAST.pdf

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

This message was posted before February 2018. After February 2018, "External links modified" talk page sections are no longer generated or monitored by InternetArchiveBot. No special action is required regarding these talk page notices, other than regular verification using the archive tool instructions below. Editors have permission to delete these "External links modified" talk page sections if they want to de-clutter talk pages, but see the RfC before doing mass systematic removals. This message is updated dynamically through the template {{source check}} (last update: 5 June 2024).

• If you have discovered URLs which were erroneously considered dead by the bot, you can report them with this tool.
• If you found an error with any archives or the URLs themselves, you can fix them with this tool.

Cheers.—InternetArchiveBot (Report bug) 17:13, 25 June 2017 (UTC)

Mogadishu Sultanate

Mogadishu Sultanate ended in the 13th century and the city Mogadishu was Ajuran capital since the 13th century while Abyssinian–Adal war was in the 16th century. You didn't even provide a source but a book with no references at all. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Miledisco (talk • contribs) 11:59, 31 March 2018 (UTC)

Muslim Abyssinians

Muslim Abyssinians also fought for their country the most notable being Ras Eslamu(the muslim) who was governor of Feteger province. However you hear many Ethiopian muslims(even Tigrayan and Amharan muslims)trying to make al-ghazi their hero not knowing that their ancestors fought lifting the green,gold and red. Reporter104 (talk) 13:18, 14 October 2020 (UTC)

Wikipedia Mirror

User:Ayaltimo the source you're using is a wikipedia mirror [5], you've edit warred with multiple people on multiple pages even breaking 3rr so im going to have to report you. Magherbin (talk) 03:02, 8 December 2020 (UTC)

It is not a Wikipedia mirror and this is written by an Ethiopian historian so there is no biased going on here and his books are clearly referenced. You said the source doesn't mention Afar and Harari contribution when it does clearly. Funny how you say I am edit warring on multiple pages when you're doing the same thing from Zeila page while I was simply reverting unsourced additions from a sock and you're doing the same thing by changing it to Adal forces when the source I posted says Somali forces. The fact is the overwhelming majority of Adal forces were Somali and I can post multiple references. Ayaltimo (talk) 3:12, 12 December 2020 (UTC)

Where does it mention Afar or Harari in the source? Patrick makes no mention of that, I suggest you read it. The "Ethiopian historian" copied wikipedia word for word hence not reliable. Magherbin (talk) 03:21, 8 December 2020 (UTC)

User:Magherbin It does actually when you read Adal ethnicity and mentions Afar warriors but since it's a new source I've reverted it back to your edit. Ayaltimo (talk) 3:25, 12 December 2020 (UTC)

I honestly dont know what page you're looking at, this page does not even have an ethnicity section. I suggest you make yourself familiar with how to edit wikipedia before becoming an active member. Read this WP:FORK. Magherbin (talk) 03:43, 8 December 2020 (UTC)

Just read the book and thanks but just one quick piece of advice. Please don't engage in edit warring that's not how you win. A simple discussion on the talk page helps instead of editing it your way without consulting me or other users you decide to engage with. What I did was good faith and maybe you should try that in the future. Ayaltimo (talk) 4:12, 12 December 2020 (UTC)

Regional status comparison

The medieval Ethiopia went through many phase eventually becoming the "Rastafarian Movement"; their "Adal" adversaries went through many phase becoming the "Dervish Movement", which was most likely manned by ethnic "Afar" warriors. 137.59.221.36 (talk) 20:19, 3 December 2021 (UTC)

history and reality

This war caused the Ethiopia aristocrat mainly a Christian people to move northwards.

There are strategic depictions of the battles available for further pages.

Medieval Ethiopia nearly survived that conflict with the Adal. 137.59.221.36 (talk) 20:47, 3 December 2021 (UTC)

Adal origins in Somaliland

Adal Sultanate existed in what we now call "Somaliland".

It seems Somaliland was a major adversary to Ethiopia. 137.59.221.36 (talk) 15:41, 5 December 2021 (UTC)

power struggle

"Adal Sultanate" that originated in Somaliland became the adversary to Ethiopia.

Today "Ethiopia" is considered as a country, while "Somaliland" a pariah and a "failed state".

For some reasons the warriors of "Adal Sultanate" (originating from Somaliland) seem to have a strategic advantage over Ethiopia.

Ancient manuscripts indicate a major conflict where two different civilization are at clash. 137.59.221.36 (talk) 15:48, 5 December 2021 (UTC)

Somaliland theory

Medieval "Ethiopia" ancient rivals came from "Somaliland" which we consider to be a runaway part of "Somalia proper".

Adal Sultanate was based in "Somaliland". 137.59.221.36 (talk) 15:50, 5 December 2021 (UTC)

Question About the Ottomans

The way i see that the Ottomans werent diectly involved in this campaign, they only supplied the Adal sultanate with their weapons and with some mercenaries. I think we must change their involment by chancing their position like Funj Sultanate(Supported by section). — Preceding unsigned comment added by Nazmi32 (talk • contribs) 07:54, 15 March 2022 (UTC)

The Funj weren't involved in the conflict as they only paid a tribute to the Abyssinian emperor in fear of an invasion by the latter fater the islamization and arabization of Nubia. This occurred prior to the war betweeen them and Adal, and would continue after (see the tribute given by Sennar to the Gondarian emperor Fasilides). The Ottomans, however, gave the Adal the crucial aid the required to succeed against the Abyssinians in their initial military encounter and sent more aid after the Portuguese entry into the theater. Not only did they send guns but personnel of Turkish and Arab origin. BeteAmora (talk) 05:21, 27 May 2022 (UTC)

Flag

Would the current flag chosen to represent the Ottoman empire and their Arab vassals be historically accurate to the time period and region this event occurred in? The files are labeled with the flags having been from the 16th century, and it's likely the Ottomans deployed a number of flags, but confirmation is needed. — Preceding unsigned comment added by BeteAmora (talk • contribs) 05:17, 27 May 2022 (UTC)

Background

The conflict between the Christian Solomonic Ethiopian Empire and the neighboring Adal Sultanate is known to have been rooted in the conflict between Abyssinia and the earlier Ifat sultanate. That is to say, it was not sparked by the invasion of Hadiya by Zara Yaqob and his marriage to the princess, Eleni. Neither was it caused by Dawit II's earlier defeat of Mafhuz and sack of Zeila. Amde Seyons conflict with Ifat culminated in the conquest of Zeila and exile of the Walashma Dynasty to Yemen after their defeat by either Dawit I or Yishaq I, after which they would found the Adal Sultanate and continue the war of their predecessors. This is both well known and historically accurate information, and without knowledge of it you can not properly understand theater conflict between Adal and Abyssinia. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2601:280:CB02:100C:3860:2069:DE2B:3B04 (talk) 16:52, 7 June 2022 (UTC)

There's only one problem with your statement the Ethiopian-Adal war was not started by a member of the Walasma infact the Walasma Sultan opposed this war which led to the execution of Sultan Abu Bakr ibn Muhammad. When discussing a subject in an article we stick with the topic at hand, I know the article isnt up to par right now but Adal Sultanate is a 14th century state which means Zara Yacob's expansion into Hadiya is relevant, Amda Seyon's expansion into Ifat Sultanate in the 13th century is not. Walasma family who were part of the old Ifat state had essentially given up on invasions of Ethiopia after their failed attempt at the Battle of Gomit. The statemen holding the title Imam who were not part of the walasma were successful hence there was a power struggle within Adal itself. Ethiopian Adal war was a result of a fallen Imam named Mahfuz the father in law of the leader of Adal during the Ethiopian Adal war, this was personal and not related to Walasma. Read a brief summary of this here [6] Magherbin (talk) 21:59, 7 June 2022 (UTC)

Article is improper

The Ethiopian state was briefly annexed by Adal Sultanate however the article appears to make it seem like it was a border conflict. Another article or rewriting this might be needed. Magherbin (talk) 12:05, 8 October 2022 (UTC)

Oromo involvement in Adal?

User:Lostglowlight982, you reverted with no explanation at all, its well known the Oromo invaded Adal they were not part of the Adal army nor allies of Adal until perhaps after this war. One of the sources is published by lulu.com which is not reliable its self published, the second source states some defeated oromo fought with Adal, which is possible it happens in wars, it doesnt mean they were Adalites. Warra Sheikh were not originally Oromo hence this isnt a good example. Provide more references indicating that Oromo fought on both sides and we can include it somewhere in the article however including Oromo as "Adal forces" is inaccurate, Oromo involvement is a fringe theory in my books. If you cant provide references, I would like for you to self revert thanks. Magherbin (talk) 21:16, 21 December 2022 (UTC)

I cited my sources which clearly back my claim. Mohammed Kheir directly points out that the Oromo along with the Belew Afar,Somali, and Harla fought in the Jihad of Ahmed Gragn. Also Mohammed Hassen goes out to say that the Oromo had took part and were on both sides, most of the Oromo Christians were assimilated by Amharas and the Oromo Muslims were obviously fighting alongside the Imam. Also where did you get "Warra sheik" from nevertheless the Warra shiek are Oromos and I think you've got them confused with the Qallu who alongwith the Somali Sheekal, and the Harari's share a mixed Oromo-arab lineage along with the Sheekal and Hararis who are also the children of Sheikh Abadir. Anyway thanks. Lostglowlight982( (talk) — Preceding undated comment added 07:12, 22 December 2022 (UTC)

We are not here to discuss Arab origin fairytales about Abadir and i've never heard of Qallu being "children of Abadir" anyway only the Sheekhal, i'm referring to Warra Sheikh not Qallu, the Oromo entered the awash and settled there after this war, I would like you to refer to the Oromo invasion article or read this source [7] Aside from myths and misconception the Oromo invaded the territory following this conflict. Kheir's book is self published hence not reliable especially for a fringe claim such as that Oromo were part of the Adal Sultanate. Get consensus for your edits dont revert again. Magherbin (talk) 23:48, 22 December 2022 (UTC)

As you advised I read both the oromo migration article and the source which you provided. Now the Oromo migration which was mainly recorded by a Ethiopian scholar Bahrey. According to Mohammed Hassen most of the later (16th century) migrations were led by the Borona Oromo  also another source which also records Oromos fighting in the army of adal please read [8] page 122 I hope this is enough to resolve.

Mohammed Hassen doesnt state Oromo were Adalites infact if you read his journal entries he states the following: "The peoples of Adal included the Afar, Somali, the Adare (Hararis) the HarIa, Argobo and Warjih" on p,198 [9]. Mind you this is an outdated opinion itself as recent academics only state the Harla were Adalites and the rest were migrants but we know for sure the above mentioned groups fought under the Adal banner however the Oromo did not. The claim of his that some Oromo fought alongside the Adal state is another matter which is a fringe theory anyway. Magherbin (talk) 06:59, 6 January 2023 (UTC)

Even though I provide valid sourcers you still claim that it's a "fringe theorie" and bring up irrelevant stuff such as Mohammed hassens other books. What has been written has been written and you try to change that by just claiming it's some random "fringe theory" it seems your not willing to agree at all even I provided you sourcers. Please stop being disruptive, and deleting sourcered content none of your sourcers claim that the Oromo didnt participate in the war they just don't mention them. So you are literally making a own claim, please seek consensus before you revert my edits.Lostglowlight982 (Lostglowlight982 User talk) User:Magherbin

Oromo invaded the region of Adal in the sixteenth century right after this war, this is well documented not just by Ethiopians but also Adalites, see p.93-94 [10]. Oromo were an animist group that werent even Muslims until after the 16th century however the article you're working on claims (Draft:Afran Qallo (Clan)) Oromo were "one of the first to accept Islam in the Harar region" which is preposterous. Adal built a wall in the sixteenth century at its capital in Harar due to the Oromo invasion. [11]. You only provided one reliable source thats why its fringe theory, when content is flagged as fringe you provide more sources and you have not done that at all. Infact that source you cited on p.122 doesnt even mention Oromo were part of Adal, it states Adal invaded Oromia so how does that prove your point here? Its a fringe theory by an Oromo author trying to dismiss a mainstream view in the academic world which asserts the Oromo invasion occurred in the horn of Africa, see the description of the book [12] We dont just take a look at bias sources and then include content here thats not how it works. We can ask for a third opinion, if you're not convinced here. Magherbin (talk) 10:14, 12 January 2023 (UTC)

Your point doesn't make any literal sense I've provided you a valid source, no source actually claims the Oromo didnt accept Islam during the life time Abadir but doesn't mention them.Since u fail to get my point I will just provide you even more sourcers about the Oromo in Hararghe before the 16th century, and the Oromo involvement in the Adal War.

• Oromo involvement in Adal War

Several historians point out that the Oromo were involved in the Adal War See Ujula Tesso Benti (2018) notes the Jihad of Ahmed Gragn had heavily influenced the Oromo religiously and culturally, he directly points out that the Oromo had fought on both the imams armies, and the Christian armies. Some sourcers even claim that the Imam him self was actually a Oromo [13]. Mohammed Hassen (2015) points out other evidence of Oromo soldiers in the army of both kingdoms, and presents evidence of Oromo place names in Ethiopia, Oromo place names such as El Ejju (Al Yejju translates to the Yejju which is a Oromo tribe)in Northern Ethiopia are mentioned in the Futuh Al habasha. David Brokensha, Paul Trevor Williams (1994) also clearly note strong evidence which also backs this "fringe thoerie" to conclude Phillip Briggs (2018) also notes that the Saho, and Oromo had struggled against the Christian armies during the Jihad of Ahmed gragn.

• "Oromo migration"

You constantly bring up the Oromo migration which you assume was a migration led by the enterity of the Oromo in the 16th century, there are several mentions of Oromos in Ethiopia before the 16th century the first being over a millennium ago when Menelik I the son of Solomon/Sulleiman came to Ethiopia, the chronicle notes thatwhen he had entered he had entered through the territory of the Azebo. and Raya Gallas which now inhabit the Tigray region. Paulitschke (1889) gathered evidence which indicates the Oromo population in Aksum. Perham notes thT the Semetic speaking groups namely the Hareri,Amhara,Tigre,Argobba,Gurage,and Silte had migrated to the Horn Africa which at the time was "inhabited by the eastern groups of Hamites including the Galla". Several other sourcers also note Oromo presence in the whole of Ethiopia for more I advise you visit [14] Also see [15] for more information about Oromo groups before the 16th century.

 — Preceding unsigned comment added by Lostglowlight982 (talk • contribs) 14:09, 12 January 2023 (UTC) 

The claim Oromo predate Amhara and other groups is a fringe theory, its interesting that you only mention semitic groups on this talk page but your article states even cushitic groups such as Somali took Oromo territory "Cerulli suggest that due to constant pressure from migrating Isaaq,Darood, and Dir clans the eastern Oromo had started migrating from Somaliland in the 10th century and had fully completed their migration in the 15th century." see Draft:Afran Qallo (Clan). Somalis predate Oromo in the region they were found as far as the Awash river, it was the Oromo who assimilated their people. It is not a specific authors views but the Barento Oromo themselves that make the claim you can read about this on p.28 [16] The established fact is the Oromo invaded the horn from a small area somewhere in the south in the sixteenth century prior to this they were not mentioned in texts. As I said Ujula Tesso Benti and Beekan Erena from link 8 are trying to change the mainstream view, they clearly state that their views are not mainstream, hence they're not good examples. A proper encyclopedia doesnt give undue weight to fringe theories, its brief it doesnt mention wild claims of ancient Kingdom of Aksum inhabited Oromo (even if there is sources for it since you can literally find sources for any claim but this doesnt make it mainstream or true). Read for example Britannica's entry on Oromo [17]. If my argument doesnt convince you, I would like a 2nd opinion on the matter from a neutral editor. Magherbin (talk) 00:17, 13 January 2023 (UTC)

Ujulu never points out that his views aren't mainstream and proceeds, if several sourcers aren't enough for you what is, the FUTUH al Habasha literally records Oromos already in Dawaro. If you are going to talk about the Oromo migration please study on it, Bahrey mentions the Barentus already being north, and attacking the north which probably suggest that they were already in north, you've got them mixed up with the Borana who started their "Migration" after the Barentu Mohammed Hassen literally writes a whole chapter on "Why was the Borona Oromo population Movement slow to start" clearly stating that Barentus had moved up north before the Borona, the Kingdom of Waj was also linked to the Waji Arusi Barento Oromo the traditional inhabitants please read the book for more information. Brakumper even states that the Panigal Oromo were living in Bale, when Sheikh Husseyn a "Somali" saint arrived to preach islam. You fail to actually debunk this evidence, and just claim there all fringe theories. After you claim its a "fringe thoerie" you literally gave me a Britannica link to look at which isn't a valid source, it is just as if you've used Wikipedia as a source. Darrell Bates, and Asafa Jalata, and the Oromo say that the Oromo migration was neither a expansion or migration, they claim that it was a re Conquest of them recovering their land, whilst some oromos don't even record this ever happening. The Oromo migration of the 16th century is possibly not true the Oromos never documented or claimed this was true, According to some Oromos this was done to destroy their history, and there moral several Ethiopian court historians state that the Oromo, had emerged from water in south Africa and moved north, some even state they came from Asia and entered through Mombassa, others state that Oromos are a Gurage clan see Burton. Also about the "Somalis invading Oromo territory" it is because the Darod have a maternal Somali lineage but there ancient founder was actually from the Banu Hashim, and he arrived in the Somali peninsula in the 10th century. His clan also assimilated several Oromo clans the Gerhi see Brakumper, and the Reer Hingiinle See I.M Lewis Wardig see Richard Burton just to name a few. as for Dir who are regarded as the "Most ancient Somali Clan stock" The book literally mentions there presence but also describes how they invaded north taking control of the north eastern coastline and that they made a oromo a minority, there is a clear evidence of oromo presence in Somalia, and Somaliland before the Somali people hence the place names Hargeisa/Hargaysa name of above since the place was so hot and that was found everywhere, Berbera/Berbere type of Chilly, Tog Wajaale/Wajjaale (Jaalre) to build GaalKahyo which literally means Gaal get up in both Oromo, and Somali this is just to name a few. As for the Oromo presence before the Amhara did you not read the link Menelik I Chronicle literally debunks your claim as the Raya's and Azebos were already living there,it is also well known that Semites are not indigenous to the Horn of Africa, and came later which is fully documented in history. As for the assimilation claim this is possible and it is practised everywhere in the Horn of Africa, same as how the Somali assimilated the Harla which is found in there clan names e.g Issa Reer Harla, or a town near Dire Dawa which I visited a few years back the Ganda Harla which I was surprised to have found a Adare (Harari) local since the town was surrounded by oromos and mountains. Also for more information I strongly suggest for you to read Mohammed Hassen. Any who Cheers. Lostglowlight982 (talk)

Encyclopædia Britannica is very reliable and your claims that the mainstream view regarding the Oromo invasion/migration never occurred is the issue here. Now when the Ethiopian and Adal records both state Oromo were invaders of the 16th century, I tend to believe them since they have no reason to fabricate and be apart of a grandeur conspiracy against the Oromo as Ethio-Adalites were at war infact the majority of the conflicts between them came to a halt mostly due to the Oromo invasions. The Oromo viewpoint is irrelevant, nomads largely didnt have writing traditions to record their own invasion of static states. For example there is Roman records of Germanic peoples invasions but none from the German side. I'm not responding to the other things you've said here since its outside the scope of the edit. Magherbin (talk) 09:41, 14 January 2023 (UTC)

Hello User:Magherbin I hope your doing well, as for this mini dispute we've had I'd like to conclude by this

• Conclusion on the Oromo migration

I never actually claimed that the Oromo migration never happened and said that it may likely be false, the historians at the time such Bahrey described this as a expansion, and Conquest whilst other historians interpreted this as a re Conquest, and re establishment of the land we now know of as Oromia (Asafa Jalata 2020). Now if the Oromo expansion started in Southern Ethiopia or possibly south of Ethiopia it doesnt make sense to me of there being mentions of the name Galla/Oromo across Ethiopia before the 16th century. Now responding to your earlier claim about the Oromo only becoming Muslims after the 16th century, and that I only provided one source which was not satisfactory so another one [18] this source states that the chronicle text of Shaykh Abadir mentions the Nole Oromo Argobba Somali, and Ala oromo, and the previous one [19] which also mentions that Abadir had ruled the same peoples under his religious teachings. Brakumper along with others mentions Aw Seid a contemporary of the Shaykh who preached Islam to the western harar oromos, and that Abadirs sons had preached in the territory of the Jarso and Nole, he directly points out the Oromo often called, and said the sons of Abadir Ali take away misfortune, if the oromo were already calling him names at the time it indicates that they were there. [20], for information about Islam in Gelemso see the Gelemso article which has alot of sourced content about Islam in the 13th century. Brakumper also mentions That Sheikh Husseyn of Bale preached Islam to the Panigal Oromo.

• Oromo involvement

Now as I have shown above some Oromos were already Muslims before the 16th century, and some became Muslim in during the early 16th century [21] Before the reign of the Imams nephew Nur ibn Mujahid which debunks your claim that the Oromo became Muslim after the 16th century, and also supports my claim of Muslim Oromo contact with the Adal kingdom during the Jihad of Ahmed gragn. Now you claim that the Oromo never actually joined arms anyone in this war even though I provided reliable sourcers such as Mohammed Hassen, and others but you claim the sourcers don't directly say this so I will provide you more reliable sourcers. Alexander Bulatovich a historian, and explorer notes this:

Ahmed gragn was born close Harar and was an Oromo... he was cheif of the whole Mohammeddan population including Adal and Somalis and they for certainly helped him in his campaigns but the main part of his armies consisted of the Oromo.

this source directly claims that the Oromo were fighting in the army of Adal, and Ahmed gragn.

Abdul Kader Saleh Muhammed also notes:

According to oral tales the Saho were affiliated to the Afar kingdom of Adal and struggled against the Christian expansion, and denomination in the horn of Africa together with ther Somali, and Oromo warriors.

The source indicates that the Oromo along with the saho who were affiliated with the Adal kingdom, and Somalis had struggled against the Christians (Jihad).

Edward paice writes the following:

foreign powers for the good of Abyssinia, but invoking the enduring horrific memories of its abasement at the hands of the Muslim Oromo hordes of Ahmed gragn four centuries earlier[22]...

Pietro Gerardo Jansen notes the following:

Ahmed Gragn succumbed in a new battle waged against the troops of the Abyssinian king Galaudenos. ... mainly due to pressure from the semi-wild Galla tribes who had fought in Gragn's retinue.[23]

The source above directly points out the Oromo had fought in the armies of Imam Ahmed "semi-wild Galla tribes who had fought in Gragn's retinue".

In conclusion I personally think my edits should be restored but if your opinions still differ somehow we could get a 3rd opinion by a user who has heard both parties and views this discussion, and one that is neatrueal, and not biased. or we could add "it is disputed if the Oromo did or did not join the forcers of Adal". I hope this could resolve this, and please respond to the content I have provided today

 — Preceding unsigned comment added by Lostglowlight982 (talk • contribs) 11:13, 15 January 2023 (UTC) 

Alexander Bulatovich is not a historian, request a third opinion like I said before you can find questionable references that is abundant but this isnt a mainstream view. Adal is not an "Afar" kingdom either there's so many things wrong with that reference you provided. On p.171 it states " According to oral tales the Saho were affiliated to the Afar kingdom of Adal and struggled against the Christian expansion, and denomination in the horn of Africa together with ther Somali, and Oromo warriors. [24] This is an outdated opinion regarding Afar, the Oromo are responsible for the decline of Adal yet you're referencing claims they were part of the state and made up a majority, this is a fringe view. Oromo expanded after the defeat of Adal you can read a brief summary from oxford [25]. Magherbin (talk) 15:50, 17 January 2023 (UTC)

References

The inclusion of Harari, Agrobba and Afar as participants in the conflict

Harari Peoples are not mentioned a single time in the Futuh al Habash. Nor are Agrobba while Afar are only mentioned in passing when the Imams army encamps in their region. Somalis are the most prominent group (mentioned most by a wide margin), with Harla also mentioned. Also where does the idea that Harari people (who are never mentioned in the chronicle) made up the ruling class come from? There is no historical evidence to back this up aside from author conjecture and speculation. Harari people don't even claim descent from Harla peoples. Meanwhile Harla claim descent from Sheikh Darod according to themselves, heres the source: http://www.islhornafr.eu/ReportAwsa2017.pdf

If anyone can explain why Harari are constanly mentioned in articles relating to Adal or Walashma that would be appreciated. TriSolar (talk) 01:07, 3 May 2023 (UTC)

The sub clans of Harari are mentioned in the Futuh for example Gaturi and the ruling class were semitic speakers there's numerous references for this here is one [26]. I think the Harari do claim to originate from Harla you can refer to p.29 [27]. Harla were a vast people some of them claimed descent from Jabarti (darod) and others didnt. By your analogy the Somalis are all from Sheikh Darod as well. We state what the references include and Argobba/Afar are mentioned as part of Adal, if you would like to know about the inhabitants of Adal you can refer to p.198 [28] Magherbin (talk) 17:47, 3 May 2023 (UTC)

Afar may have lived within the borders of Adal, but their inclusion in the actual conflict is unknown as zero contemporary sources list them among the fighters. The existence of Dankali to the north was well known and if the they were in fact fighters, Arab Faqih would have stated so. To say they were among the coalition is unfounded and based in speculation. The hard fact remains that majority of the participants in this war were Somalis. Also the Gaturi being a Harari subclan is also unfounded as the Futuh mentions “Gutur” as a land and one man named “al-Guturi”. If anything the Guturi predate Harari peoples by centuries. Either way Harari are never mentioned nor are any Agrobba. We deal with hard facts and the best sources we have are the contemporary accounts. Also the leadership being Harari? Besides the fact that the first mention of Harari peoples is after the war, Arab Faqih does not state this at all. TriSolar (talk) 18:00, 3 May 2023 (UTC)

Hey, also could you provide the passage where they state that the ruling dynasty was Harari and the evidence they used to achieve this claim. Thanks TriSolar (talk) 18:05, 3 May 2023 (UTC)

The Somalis were largely not involved with Adal's center, infact most of the territories they were able to acquire is post Adal periods therefore Somalis actually benefited from the collapse of Adal. I agree with Argobba and Afar playing minor roles though. Can you explain Enrico Cerulli discussing Harari forces during Adal-Ethiopian battles? This is found on p.376-377 [29]. Adal's formation is based on militant Muslims of the interior in Ifat who had escaped after the Abyssinian annexation of their territory they were instrumental in organizing a resistance to Christian expansionism, you can refer to p.147-150 from Cambridge [30]. Magherbin (talk) 18:25, 3 May 2023 (UTC)

The Awash River valley, which the Adalites called “The Great Dir River” was inhabited by Somali clans which predated the sultanates formation. Moreover the major port city and once capital of the Ifat and Adal sultanates and earlier Awdal Kingdom (as attested to by Al Yaqubi in the 9th century) Zeila has always been predominantly Somali. Ibn Said and Ibn Batutta have confirmed this. Moreover the term Adal or Awdal is the native Somali term for the region and is still used today. Adal was formed from the remnants of the Walashma dynasty (who themselves trace their lineage to the 10th century Somali Yusuf bin Ahmad Al kowneyn and to the same Aqil ibn Abi Talib that most Somali clans trace their lineage to paternally according to the Book to the Walashma and the Harar manuscripts). Somalis were a major presence in these lands and are today as well. There is a reason they are the single most mentioned group in the Futuh Al-Habash. On the topic of Harari fighters, I think the somewhat similar names of Harla and Harari and the importance of the city of Harar has led some scholars to assume the Harari were present in the conflict. The fact remains however that the first mention of Harari occurs after the war and Arab Faqih never mentions them once. TriSolar (talk) 18:36, 3 May 2023 (UTC)

The capital of Adal during this period was located in Harar and prior to that it was around that modern city refer to p.264 [31]. To assume then that it was simply a coincidence is farfetched I think i've discussed this elsewhere but the saints are not locals, they are stated to have arrived from Arabia. Major presence doesnt usually always indicate leadership in the region especially if said ethnic group were largely nomadic. These arent "some" scholars its the majority of Ethiopian/Western academics including Taddesse Tamrat and Richard Pankhusrt, therefore we cant simply ignore them. Magherbin (talk) 18:56, 3 May 2023 (UTC)

Mate look at the cities and populations around Harar. They are mostly Somali especially to the northeast and southeast. They are many towns surrounding modern day Harar literally name Hawiya or some other variation of the word. Somalis outnumber every ethnic group in the former lands of Adal (maybe Oromo come close but we know they arrived much later). Also the nomadic argument is moot. It means nothing that a population maybe nomadic predominantly. Settled somali populations have existed in the region for millenia. Also the city of Harar predated any mention of the ethnic group. TriSolar (talk) 19:02, 3 May 2023 (UTC)

Also the legendary saints being form Arabia is just that, legends. Most scholars agree they were natives. Legendary genealogical traditions that tie populations back to the family of the Islamic Propher Muhammad are very common but have almost no basis in reality. TriSolar (talk) 19:05, 3 May 2023 (UTC)

This discussion is not about the demographics of the area in 2023, if you're using that as an argument then Oromo were also Adalites. Read Mohammed Hassan on the composition of Ahmed's army "Arab Faqih makes it very clear that the sedentary agriculturalists population of Harar provided both the leadership in the jihadic war and that they were the majority of the fighters at least during the early days of the jihad. All the four Wazirs appointed by Imam Ahmad were members of the landed Adare (Harari) and Harla hereditary nobility. Of the fifty or so Amirs appointed by Imam Ahmad between 1527 and 1537, the overwhelming majority were members of the hereditary landed Adare or Harla aristocracy" on p.179 [32]. Therefore I do not agree with the changes you've made, you should try to gain consensus on the talk page first. Magherbin (talk) 19:14, 3 May 2023 (UTC)

How does Arab Faqih make that clear? Please elaborate because a reading of Futuh Al-Habash makes no claims like that. TriSolar (talk) 19:16, 3 May 2023 (UTC)

Arab Faqih never mentions Harari people once and mentions the Harla 11 times. How does one come to that conclusion? It’s almost laughable. TriSolar (talk) 19:17, 3 May 2023 (UTC)

The Harla language itself is believed to be closely related to modern Harari language. If you find it laughable I advise you write a journal entry if you're an expert in this field and tell us why, until then we will not include your opinion on the matter. Magherbin (talk) 19:30, 3 May 2023 (UTC)

You never answered my question. Moreover all we really know about the Harla language is that it was Afroasiatic. Whether it was Semitic or Cushitic is unknown. TriSolar (talk) 19:32, 3 May 2023 (UTC)

We dont want to side track on this and would like to focus on your edits on the article. Somalis only made up a fraction of the army not majority you can refer to Amelie Chekroun p.17 [33] Magherbin (talk) 17:54, 4 May 2023 (UTC)

Odd considering their major involvements in every conflict the Adal ever fought in against the Ethiopians. Zara Yaqob even mentions in the Meshafe Milad the Adalites allying with Mogadishu (Meqdush) against them and Yeshaq as well. And once again they’re by far the most mentioned group in the Futuh al Habash (our best source on the conflict). I’m not sure why this bothers you? The vast majority of scholars agree with this. TriSolar (talk) 18:01, 4 May 2023 (UTC)

Unrelated to any of the edit you've made, you seem to just want to ignore references. Magherbin (talk) 18:03, 4 May 2023 (UTC)

You seem to want to ignore them as well. I’m not randomly making edits without sources. Do we both agree that the Harla and Somalis were the predominant groups partaking in the conflict. If so then the article is fine as is. TriSolar (talk) 18:05, 4 May 2023 (UTC)

I didnt ignore them you're using old references and i've told you that they've changed. Magherbin (talk) 18:07, 4 May 2023 (UTC)

What do you mean theyve changed. Did the Futuh al Habash get a revision or something. Why does our best source on the conflict support the stance that the army was predominantly Somali and Harla. What new evidence arose that supersedes the Futuh as our best source on the conflict. Is there another document from the time I’m unaware of? TriSolar (talk) 18:12, 4 May 2023 (UTC)

The article states that I think we are done here. Magherbin (talk) 18:17, 4 May 2023 (UTC)

Master of deflection. Keep running from what’s legitimate and clinging to your fringe theories. I agree that we’re done here. TriSolar (talk) 18:22, 4 May 2023 (UTC)

Hey ignore my last comment. The article can stay as is. But why “or” when we know it’s was both as the predominant groups? TriSolar (talk) 18:25, 4 May 2023 (UTC)

Ethnic POV pushing in the article

The Adalite invasion of Ethiopia was purely a religious war it was not an ethnic war, I understand that those groups listed played an important role and all (some more then others) but adding them in the main body paragraph could give readers the wrong idea about this conflict. Also if you're going to list all of the ethnic groups who participated in this war then you might aswell go the full way too, because Futuh al-Habesh mentions a group of Moroccans who fought for the Imam, also Jewish Ethiopians who sided with the Muslims against the Christians when they reach Begemeder, there was also pagans from Damot and Gafat who sided with the Ethiopians and were mentioned as fighting against the Adalites, there's also some sources floating around of Oromos partaking in this war aswell. It also should be mentioned that a significant number of Abyssinians converted to Islam and joined the Imam's forces. Also Arab Faqih mentions a number of Arabs who converted to Christianity and joined the Ethiopians at the seige of Amba Gashen, etc these are just the top of my head, the number of ethnic groups who fought in this war is countless so it doesn't make sense to add every ethnic group who fought in this war in the main body of the article. محرر البوق (talk) 18:47, 9 May 2023 (UTC)

OR added onto article

User:MyrhaanWarrior, can you stop introducing original research into the article? [34] The addition of unverified fringe source isnt appropriate regarding the addition of the battle of Shimbra Kure by Nezeranni. Nezeranni doesnt even mention Harari people that was just your own orignal research analysis and used his work as a citation. There's countless sources indicating Somalis fled the battle including even Mohammed Hinika's reference. You've also removed content related to Afar and Harari. Page 179 in Mohammed Hassen's review doesnt even mention Nur let alone that he participated in the Battle of Shimbra Kure. Another original research content stating Sultan of Adal was killed by Garad Tedros needs to be removed. In the Aftermath section you've replaced Harari people with Somali people when the reference makes no mention of Somalis. I'm not going to respond to the ridiculous claim of yours [35] that Harari people are not an ethnic group, I suggest taking a look at their respective wikipedia page. Magherbin (talk) 00:11, 3 January 2024 (UTC)

What is inappropriate is your lies!

There are five versions of the conquest of Abyssinia, all of them with changed details, Nezerrani's is a much earlier version which provides context, and he spoke to the locals of Harar to write the book!

Firstly let's talk about the Hararis!

The Hararis did not even exist at the time, they were never an ethnic group, the Hararis were a huge mix of Habesha traders, Oromos and native Somalis who all intermingled forming a new culture, in all historical sources by Europeans they stated the city was overwhelmingly Somali, it wasn't even called Harar but Barbaria because of how many Somalis lived there! Only when the Oromo incurssions took place did the Somalis all migrate east and begin adopting nomadism

". As for the Harari, the current population of the city of Harar speaking a language of their own, their link with the 190 inhabitants of this city the 16th century has not yet been demonstrated and remains very problematic. As for the"

"no sources from before the beginning of the 20th century does not mention their existence as a population: neither endogenous sources nor the accounts of European travelers"

"current state of knowledge, it is not possible to identify a link between the Muslim populations of the medieval period in Ifat and Bar Sa'ad ad-din, and the Argobba of the the word

20th century."

All of the documents state that the inhabitants of Harar in 1814, was solely Somali!

They note that the Somalis of Harar had strong trade links with the coast city of Berbera. Note: that this is the oldest documented descriptions of the inhabitants of Harar.

There was no Harari, but there was Harla, a Cushitic Somali group which were the farming cast of Somalis, and Cerulli did a linguistic analysis proving their language to be the proto form of the language, there were never Hararis until the late 1800's when we all migrated.

As for Garad Hirabu Goita Tedros, he was the Emir of all Somalis, the largest contingent of the Imam's forces, followed by the Harrala, also Somali, he was also one of the 3 generals who conducted the conquest and thus is one of the most important figures in Adal history

Why did he kill the Sultan?

Because he tried to stage a coup against the Imam! And Hirabu being his close cousin and clansmen destroyed the rebellion, so he sent a message to him begging the Imam to stop him, the Imam was previously allied to Garad Abun, another one of his clansmen who was killed by the dead Sultan's relative Abu Bakr, there was always hostility between the family of Ahmed and the Walashmas, and Hirabu as his relative killed him, but since the Sultans were symbolic rulers and he could not depose them, he made Umardin the puppet, and made Hirabu escape to the country of Hawiye to act and pretend as if he was mad but he wasn't this context was given in an earlier Futuh.

There is not a single reference to the Hararis ever in the book of the Futah!

The Imam's forces were split up into 3, 1 of the regiments was lead by Sultan Zaharabu, a Harla, the other Muhammad V a Somali and the other Hirabu, the Emir of the Somalis

The book clearly states that the other clans and tribes ran away EXCEPT THE MAREHAN, who "FOUGHT THE FIERCEST ON THAT DAY" coming out successful.

While you lie and make fake sources to push your agenda, I bave come with books and clear evidence. MyrhaanWarrior (talk) 13:41, 4 January 2024 (UTC)

Hirabu wasn’t even top 10 most important stop vandalizing the page Matan ibn Uthman (talk) 19:40, 4 January 2024 (UTC)

10 Most important?!?!!?!!? Are you crazy?!!?!?!??Wallahi I have charts about all leaders and clans mentioned in the Futah!

This is how I know you're purposefully trying to lie

Our of all leaders in the Futah, Hirabu was mentioned the most, 32.7% of the time when leaders were mentioned, followed by Garad Mattan Ibn Khalid, from his tribe Darood also mentioned 32.7% of the time

The 2nd and 3rd were Ahmed Ghirri (11.5%) and Ahmed Goita bin Adam, HIS SON!

Who were the largest force of the Imam's forces?THE SOMALIS, according to the Portugese he was always seen with them, he looked like one and all his top commanders were of this stock

The two major forces were Somali, who were 70-90%, Somali clans being mentioned 79% of the time!

WHO WAS THE EMIR OF THE SOMALIS? LET ME ASK YOU AGAIN, WHO WAS THE EMIR OF THE SOMALIS

IT WAS HIRABU

WHO CONQUERED WOLLO AND TIGRAY?

HIRABU

WHO MADE PEACE AND SIGNED THE TREATY OF THE HABAR MAQDI THAT THE IMAM TOLD HIM TO DO

HIRABU

WHO SAVED THE IMAM FROM THE COUP OF ABU BAKR, THE ARCH NEMESIS OF AHMED'S FAMILY AND THE KILLER OF HIS EMIR GARAD ABOGN AS REVENGE FOR THE DEATH OF HIS CLANSMEN?

HIRABU

THE FACT HE IS THE EMIR OF THE SOMALIS SHOWS HE IS TOP 3! HE WAS MENTIONED THE HIGHEST NUMBER OF TIMES

If you fear Allah and believe in his last day, stop with these lies!

You can't even provide sources, you just brush information off with your nonsensical words, no source provided, not one MyrhaanWarrior (talk) 19:59, 4 January 2024 (UTC)

Tigre was conquered by the Imam himself, Garaad Matan lead the Somalis in most major battles stop it. Matan ibn Uthman (talk) 21:24, 4 January 2024 (UTC)

When they were in Tigray Hirabu was also there, it was a joint effort as there were multiple people trying to fight

Garad Matan lead the Somali's within the division of the Imam

3 major armies lead by:

Ahmed

Muhammad V

Hirabu

Who was the Emir of the Somalis?Hirabu, thus he llead the Somali contingent

Whereas Garad Matan fought alongside the Imam with his own battalion under him, whereas Hiraabu lead ALL of the Somalis,not only this he signed the treaty and made peace bewteen the Geri Koombe and Habar Maqdi as per the Imam's orders

He also saved him from a coup and killed a Walashma sultan

He was also mentioned 32.7% of the time in the Futah

He never lead the Somalis for nothing, he was his own commander

He lead his conquest of Wollo

While Matan was with him fighting in Bale, and even then he fled with the rest of the clans while Marehan remained which I sourced unlike you

Fear Allah and stop your lies MyrhaanWarrior (talk) 21:45, 4 January 2024 (UTC)

Where does Nezarnni state "The soldiers were not of Harari stock, as the ethnic group was non existent at the time period", do not include your personal analysis and pass it off as sourced content. Stop editwarring and removing content on multiple pages. Cite sources for all content introduced into the article and do not remove cited content, i've warned you enough on your talk page. Magherbin (talk) 23:47, 4 January 2024 (UTC)

I explained this myself there were no such thing as Somalis, it was simply Somali and Harla

If Hararis did exist back then bring sources, I proved to you they are a recent mixed group, there language didn't even exist previously

Where in the Futah did it state that Hararis fought or were instrumental? No where, but I provided a source with a whole image

Stop removing content with sources backed, I haven't removed anything true or cited

No proof

Hides evidences

Comes back brings fake info with no backing MyrhaanWarrior (talk) 09:13, 5 January 2024 (UTC)

Bruh Sultan Muhammad wasn’t even important either. The real heavy hitters were matan, addole, Hussain al Gaturi, Abu Bakr Al Qatin, Farshaxan Cali, Wazir Cabbas, and Emir Mujahid Matan ibn Uthman (talk) 01:13, 5 January 2024 (UTC)

You're just a lying propagandist with no knowledge about the Futah tryna spread false agendas

Muhammad V lead a whole army he was a top dog

The same Matan who ran from the Imam with the whole of Geri, while Marehan were left to defend? MyrhaanWarrior (talk) 09:08, 5 January 2024 (UTC)

War caadi iska dhig.The Futuh mentions that Matan stood by the Iamms side along with his brother.

”Mattan bin ‘Utman Al Somali, brother- in-law of the imam Ahmad, may the Most High God have mcrcy upon him, fought a fine jihad. Holding firm with him was Ahmad Girri; and 'Ali Garad, Mattan’s brother” Matan ibn Uthman (talk) 14:59, 5 January 2024 (UTC)

Yes he remained and I have included this

But the source also states that all the tribes ran away, and on that day Marehan fought more vigorously than the rest, showing the majority who stayed and fought the hardest were Marehan thus we dominated the fight

Some returned to support him but it was none other than the Imam's real qabiil who fought along side him

And his abtirsi goes back to the prince of Marexan

So I've put how Marehan primarily fought the hardest, followed by Geri and Habar Maqdi which is true and then the Xarrala

Cadhoow ookaa weyn ba ji ro ee ninkaan indha bulaca ah oo rabo inuu ban nagu sameeyo ee dirirka daaf hadii uu qorannyahay wa run qalaas

madax adeega daaf, ee kan xabashka ku isticmaal MyrhaanWarrior (talk) 17:09, 5 January 2024 (UTC)

I havent looked at the other content that was added but removed the original research material and restored content that was removed. Magherbin (talk) 07:38, 5 January 2024 (UTC)

I've included your content in the article. I would suggest reading sources on the involvement of Hararis. For example read p.179 [36]. Magherbin (talk) 09:55, 5 January 2024 (UTC)

@Magherbin:It seems you are in engaged in an edit war altering verified information, continuing to do so can result in your I.P address being banned! Please provide a source for your information or communicate at the user's talk page maturely exchanging ideas. Ignoring other users and continuing edits will result in ban! MyrhaanWarrior (talk) 12:47, 5 January 2024 (UTC)

Do you undestand that you cant violate WP:OR on wikipedia? Magherbin (talk) 21:03, 5 January 2024 (UTC)

• STOP - the two of you arguing like this won’t resolve your dispute. Explain your point to others (who probably aren’t as familiar with this topic as you are). Please outline what the various sources say occurred (cite the book and page number)? Blueboar (talk) 12:58, 8 January 2024 (UTC)

  Please, just scroll up and read the dozens of paragraphs I make in each reply, he literally takes nothing into consideration and simply responds with random warnings! I will clearly prove him wrong and he'll ignore me and say something along the lines of "stop deleting verified information" or "this has been verified by multiple researchers" when I provided a clear page of a book author and the date written, he is an ethno nationalist and thus it will never work no matter how hard I try, please scroll up and have a read, I've tried hard to engage with him and even asked to see his points as to why he has his beliefs, but he simply ignores MyrhaanWarrior (talk) 21:28, 8 January 2024 (UTC)

User:Blueboar, see for example p.66 in this journal article titled "Reviewed Work: Afocha: A Link between Community and Administration in Harar, Ethiopia by Peter Koehn, Sidney R. Waldron-Maxwell published by Michigan State University Press [37] which mentions the Harari people's population decline post this war. MyrhaanWarrior deleted Harari and added Somali or Harla in his edits, there's various other examples of them doing this. The users claim that Harari are not mentioned by historians is false even historians they've mentioned on the talk page such as Enrico Cerulli state Hararis were invovled in this campaign see the English translation of his work titled "Islam Yesterday and today" "This attitude of the Harari army, which was then inured to raids and counter raids in bedouin wars, also proves Ahmed ibn Ibrahim's ability and prowess. Two years later, in 1531, he succeeds in resuming the war against Abyssinia and thus putting his concept for the invasion and a stable occupation into effect." p.376-377 [38]. Magherbin (talk) 02:35, 9 January 2024 (UTC)

Strength (Infobox)

Mind telling me what page in "Wars in the Horn of Africa and the dismantling of the Somali State" supports your latest revisions in the strength infobox ??? @Ezra Ben Yosef @Reunion Yubudirsi (talk) 20:41, 9 April 2024 (UTC)

Hi, I don’t think you mean me, I reversed the numbers in the first place. I did not read the book nor did I add any numbers of my own. I simply reverted the edit in the first place because it was sourcing numbers, then realized it was an incorrect edit and reverted all of it. This should be taken up with Ezra instead. Thank you. Réunion! 23:11, 9 April 2024 (UTC)

Alright, thanks for your answer. Yubudirsi (talk) 23:09, 10 April 2024 (UTC)

@Yubudirsi Did you add this figure into the infobox[39]? I could not find any mention of 50,000 Adalite men in the Futuh, nor could I find any mention of 900,000 Abyssinians in Pankhurst' work. I believe that the figure of the latter came from this work[40] The Tragedy of Emperor Libne-Dingil, a manuscript based on oral traditions written by Oromo monks in the 1930s. In the same source it also makes the laughable claim that Imam Ahmad was the son of a murdered Christian monk and that he invaded Ethiopia to avenge his father. This is obviously a fringe source, don't add these figures into the infobox. Socialwave597 (talk) 21:36, 13 April 2024 (UTC)

Battle of Massawa(1541)

"After their defeat at the Battle of Suez, the Portuguese navy returned, spending another month at Massawa in May. At Massawa The Portuguese force rejoined with their comrades, suffering losses under the scorching sun, due to the bad climate in the port and the lack of provisions that took a heavy toll on the Portuguese which led to a mutiny of a hundred soldiers, threatening to kill their commander, Manuel da Gama, when he tried to resist them, the mutineers then set forth into the barren hinterlands, they were led by Fidalgo Antonio Correa during their march, they made a martial show, with a flag flying and a band of music to keep them going. However, their march followed a with hot night, soon they were suffering of thrist until they were suddenly attacked by the troops of Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi, the Adalites swooped down on them and killed them, including their commander Antonio. Only two managed to survive this massacre and return to their ships alive." Replayerr (talk) 12:22, 12 December 2024 (UTC)

@Glockerov Replayerr (talk) 12:23, 12 December 2024 (UTC)