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Stellantis N.V.
Company typePublic
ISINNL00150001Q9
Industry
Predecessors
Founded17 January 2021; 3 years ago (2021-01-17)
Headquarters
Hoofddorp
,
Netherlands[1]
Area served
Worldwide
Key people
Production output
Increase 6.168 million vehicles (2023)
Brands
RevenueIncrease €189.5 billion (2023)
Increase €22.4 billion (2023)
Increase €18.6 billion (2023)
Total assetsIncrease €202.1 billion (2023)
Total equityIncrease €82.1 billion (2023)
Owners
Number of employees
258,275 (2023)
Subsidiaries
WebsiteOfficial website Edit this at Wikidata
Footnotes / references
[2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9]

Stellantis N.V. is a multinational automotive manufacturing company formed from the merger in 2021 of the Italian–American conglomerate Fiat Chrysler Automobiles (FCA) and the French PSA Group.[10][11][12] The company headquarters are located in Hoofddorp, Netherlands.

As of 2023, Stellantis was the world's fourth-largest automaker by sales, behind Toyota, Volkswagen Group, and Hyundai Motor Group.[13] In 2023, the company was ranked 61st in the Forbes Global 2000.[14] The company's stock is listed on the Borsa Italiana, Euronext Paris and the New York Stock Exchange.[15]

Stellantis designs, manufactures, and sells automobiles bearing its 14 brands: Abarth, Alfa Romeo, Chrysler, Citroën, Dodge, DS, Fiat, Jeep, Lancia, Maserati, Opel, Peugeot, Ram Trucks, and Vauxhall. At the time of the merger, Stellantis had approximately 300,000 employees, a sales presence in more than 130 countries, and manufacturing facilities in 30 countries.[16]

Etymology

[edit]

The name comes from the Latin verb stello,[12] in present participle with adjectival value stellans, and carries the meaning 'of that (Latin all-gender genitive suffix) that brightens/is adorned/belongs with stars'.[17][18][19]

History

[edit]

In early 2019, Fiat Chrysler Automobiles (FCA) sought a merger with French automaker Renault and reached a provisional agreement with the company.[20] The behaviour of the French government during negotiations led to the abandonment of the deal; The Economist reported that "for FCA, this portended future interference".[21] Nissan also had various concerns about the impact of the proposal on its alliance with Renault.[21] Subsequently, FCA approached Peugeot S.A. (PSA). The merger, agreed to in December 2019, was to create the world's fourth-largest carmaker by global vehicle sales with expected annual cost savings of €3.7 billion, or about US$4.22 billion.[12]

On 21 December 2020, the European Commission approved the merger, while imposing minimal remedies to ensure competition in the sector.[22] The merger was approved on 4 January 2021 by the shareholders of both FCA and PSA. The deal was completed on 16 January 2021, and the merged company was renamed to Stellantis N.V. the following day. Common shares of the new company began trading on the Milan Stock Exchange and Euronext Paris on 18 January 2021 and on the New York Stock Exchange on 19 January 2021, in each case under the ticker symbol "STLA".[23][24][25]

PSA merged with and into Fiat Chrysler Automobiles N.V., with Fiat Chrysler Automobiles N.V. as the surviving company in the merger. On 17 January 2021, the combined company was renamed Stellantis N.V.[26] International Financial Reporting Standards, or IFRS, mandate the identification of the company acting as the acquirer and the company being acquired. Peugeot is considered the acquirer for accounting purposes, and statements reflect PSA's historical records.[26] Per the filing, the Stellantis board had 11 directors, six from PSA and five from Fiat Chrysler.[27]

The new company's first CEO was Carlos Tavares, the former president of the PSA managing board, as well as former CEO of PSA Group, with a five-year term as Stellantis CEO. PSA shareholders paid a pre-merger premium to FCA shareholders. Exor, the Agnelli family company that was the largest shareholder of FCA, held the largest stake in Stellantis with 14.4%.[27] The merger agreements allowed the Peugeot family to increase its current 7.2% stake in Stellantis by up to an additional 1.5% by acquiring shares from France's state lender Bpifrance, from Dongfeng, or on the market.[28]

The name Stellantis is exclusively used to identify the corporate entity, while group brand names and logos remain unchanged.[12] In 2021, CEO Carlos Tavares issued a challenge for the group's brands to prove themselves within a 10-year window, in exchange for much-needed investment in new models and technology.[29][30][31][32] The group planned to have 29 electrified vehicle models available by the end of 2021.[33] Stellantis planned to develop four EV platforms by the end of the 2020s.[34][35] Overall, the company announced more than €30bn would be invested by the end of 2021.[36]

A network of charging stations started in November 2021.[37] In the third quarter of 2021, Stellantis sales of new vehicles dropped due to issues related to the supply chain shortage of semiconductor chips used in their vehicles. Stellantis made an agreement with semiconductor manufacturer Foxconn to supply chips for the company and others in the automotive industry.[38] In June 2022, the company paused production at two French plants due to shortages in semiconductors.[39]

In April 2022, Stellantis halted operations in Russia due to logistical difficulties and the sanctions imposed on the country following the Russian invasion of Ukraine in 2022. On 15 February 2024, Russian operators, collaborating with Dongfeng Motor Group, initiated the production of new Citroën models at a majority owned Stellantis plant in Kaluga, Russia, despite Stellantis halting its Russian operations in April 2022. Stellantis claimed that it has "lost control of its entities in Russia."[40]

In May 2022, Stellantis pleaded guilty to criminal conduct and paid $300 million to settle a probe into its effort to illegally conceal the amount of pollution created by its diesel-engined vehicles. This settled a years-long probe by the United States Department of Justice into the auto maker's efforts to evade emissions requirements for more than 100,000 older models.[41] On 8 July 2022, Stellantis acquired the carsharing platform Share Now.[42][43] Stellantis placed Share Now's operational management under Free2move.[44] In November 2022, Stellantis acquired the Budapest-headquartered autonomous vehicle technology company aiMotive.[45]

On 15 February 2023, Stellantis said it would establish a new software development and engineering hub in Gliwice, Poland.[46]

On 26 October 2023, Stellantis acquired "approximately 20%" of Chinese electric vehicle manufacturer Leapmotor in a transaction worth €1.5 billion.[47] Under the terms of the agreement, Stellantis gained exclusive rights to sell, export, and manufacture Leapmotor products outside of China under the newly established joint venture Leapmotor International, of which Stellantis holds 51% of the capital.[48] The joint venture will be registered in the Netherlands, and it also includes the possibility of producing the brand's cars in Europe if duties on Chinese cars are raised. The JV's target is 500,000 sales outside China by 2030.[49]

The company announced a 3 billion euro ($3.2 billion) share buyback in 2024.[50]

In March 2024, it was announced Stellantis had acquired a stake in the Grenoble-headquartered optical radar start-up, SteerLight. The company manufactures sensors for autonomous driving.[51]

On 1 December 2024, the board announced that it had accepted Carlos Tavares’ resignation as Chief Executive Officer; a new Interim Executive Committee, chaired by John Elkann, was established to identify a new CEO.[52][better source needed]

Brands

[edit]

The active brand portfolio of Stellantis as of 2023 is shown below.[53] This list does not contain any discontinued brands owned by the company which has been placed into dormancy either directly or by its predecessor organisations.

Brand Origin Established Brand CEO
Abarth  Italy 1949 Olivier François
Alfa Romeo  Italy 1910 Santo Ficili
Chrysler  United States 1925 Christine Feuell[54]
Citroën  France 1919 Thierry Koskas
Dodge  United States 1914 Matt McAlear
DS Automobiles  France 2014 Olivier François
Fiat  Italy 1899 Olivier François
Jeep  United States 1943 Antonio Filosa
Lancia  Italy 1906 Luca Napolitano
Maserati  Italy 1914 Santo Ficili
Opel  Germany 1862 Florian Huettl
Peugeot  France 1810 Linda Jackson
Ram Trucks  United States 2010 Tim Kuniskis
Vauxhall  United Kingdom 1857[55] Florian Huettl

Ownership

[edit]

Following the 50% FCA and 50% PSA merger, the owners were:[56]

Leadership

[edit]

CEO's resignation

[edit]

Stellantis announced that the Company’s Board of Directors, under the Chairmanship of John Elkann, accepted Carlos Tavares’ resignation on December 1st, 2024 from his role as Chief Executive Officer with immediate effect.[57]

Senior management

[edit]

Board of directors

[edit]

The executive board of Stellantis has 11 members. Six members come from PSA and leading shareholders (Bpifrance, FFP), including Carlos Tavares, former CEO of PSA, and five others come from Fiat Chrysler Automobiles and its main shareholder, Exor.

Current assembly plants

[edit]

Africa

[edit]
Country Name Location Date opened Current products
Algeria Oran Plant Tafraoui December 2023
Morocco Kenitra Plant Ameur Seflia June 2019
Namibia Walvis Bay Plant Walvis Bay 2018
Nigeria Kaduna Plant Kaduna 2016

Asia

[edit]
Country Name Location Date opened Current products
China
(Dongfeng JV) 		Wuhan Plant Wuhan 1992
Chengdu Plant Chengdu 2016
India Hosur Plant
(AVTEC JV) 		Hosur 2017
  • Powertrains
Ranjangaon Plant
(Tata JV) 		Ranjangaon January 1997
Thiruvallur Plant Thiruvallur 2020
Indonesia Purwakarta Plant
(Indomobil JV)		 Purwakarta 2024
Malaysia Gurun Plant Gurun 2002

Europe

[edit]
Country Name Location Date opened Current products VIN code
France Douvrin Plant Douvrin 1969
  • Electric batteries
Mulhouse Plant Sausheim 1972 Y
Poissy Plant Poissy 1940 W
Rennes Plant Chartres-de-Bretagne 1961 -
Sochaux Plant Sochaux 1912 S
Hordain Plant Hordain/Lieu-Saint-Amand 1993 Z
Germany Eisenach Plant Eisenach 1990 6
Kaiserslautern Plant Kaiserslautern 1966
  • Components
  • Engines
 -
Rüsselsheim Plant Rüsselsheim am Main 1898 1
Hungary Szentgotthárd Plant Szentgotthárd 1990
  • Engines
  • Transmissions
 S
Italy Mirafiori Plant Turin 1939 X
Cassino Plant Piedimonte San Germano 1972 7
Modena Plant Modena 1940 M
Pomigliano Plant Pomigliano d'Arco 1968 3
Melfi Plant San Nicola di Melfi 1993 P
Atessa Plant Atessa 1981 2
Poland Gliwice Plant Gliwice 1998 G
Tychy Engine Plant Tychy 1996
  • Engines
Tychy Plant Tychy 1992 J
Portugal Mangualde Plant Mangualde 1962 -
Serbia Kragujevac Plant Kragujevac 2008 Z
Slovakia Trnava Plant Trnava 2006 T
Spain Madrid Plant Villaverde (Madrid) 1951 -
Vigo Plant Vigo 1958 J
Zaragoza Plant Figueruelas 1982 4
Turkey
(Koç JV) 		Bursa Plant Bursa 1971 6
United Kingdom Ellesmere Port Plant Ellesmere Port 1962 8
Luton Plant Luton 1905 7

North America

[edit]
Country Name Location Date opened Current products VIN code
Canada Brampton Assembly Brampton 1986
  • Currently vacant
 H
Etobicoke Casting Toronto 1942
  • Aluminum die castings
  • Engine and transmission parts
 –
Windsor Assembly Windsor 1928 R
Mexico Saltillo Engine Saltillo 1981 –
Saltillo South Engine 2010 –
Saltillo Stamping 1997
  • Metal stampings
 –
Saltillo Truck Assembly 1995 G
Saltillo Van Assembly 2013 E
Toluca Assembly Toluca 1968 T
Toluca Stamping Facility 1994
  • Metal stampings
 –
United States Detroit Assembly Complex – Jefferson Detroit, Michigan 1991 C
Detroit Assembly Complex – Mack 1953 8
Dundee Engine Dundee, Michigan 2002 –
Indiana Transmission Kokomo, Indiana 1998
  • 6- and 9-speed automatic transmissions
 –
Kokomo Engine Plant 2003 –
Kokomo Casting 1965
  • Engine blocks
  • Transmission cases
  • Aluminum components
 –
Kokomo Transmission 1956
  • 8-speed automatic transmissions
  • Machined components for 9-speed automatic transmission
 –
Mount Elliott Tool and Die Detroit, Michigan 1938 –
Sterling Heights Assembly Sterling Heights, Michigan 1953 N
Sterling Stamping 1965
  • Metal stampings
 –
Tipton Transmission Tipton, Indiana 2014
  • 9-speed automatic transmissions
 –
Toledo Machining Perrysburg, Ohio 1967
  • Steering columns
  • Torque converters
 –
Toledo North Toledo, Ohio 2001 W
Toledo South 1942 L
Trenton Engine Complex Trenton, Michigan 1952 –
Warren Stamping Warren, Michigan 1949
  • Metal stampings
 –
Warren Truck Assembly 1938 S, T, V

South America

[edit]
Country Name Location Date opened Current products
Argentina El Palomar Plant El Palomar 1960
Ferreyra Plant Ferreyra 1958
Brazil Betim Plant Betim 1976
Goiana Plant Goiana 2015
Porto Real Plant Porto Real 2001

Oceania

[edit]
Country Name Location Date opened Current products Notes
Australia Clayton South Plant Clayton South 2015
  • Owned and operated by Walkinshaw Group
  • Remanufacturer of right-hand drive vehicles from left-hand drive vehicles
Country Name Location Date opened Current products Notes
Australia Distribution Port Melbourne 2021

Former assembly plants

[edit]
Country Name Location Date opened Date closed Products
Austria Aspern Plant Aspern 1982 2024
  • Six-speed manual transmissions
Italy Grugliasco Plant Grugliasco 2013 2024
Poland Bielsko-Biała Plant Bielsko-Biała 1948 2024
  • Engines
  • Gearboxes
Russia Kaluga Plant Kaluga 2013 2022

Motorsport

[edit]

Stellantis Motorsport is a department led by director and senior vice president Jean-Marc Finot.[60] It is responsible for the motorsport activities of the corporation's brands, divisions, and subsidiaries:

The Stellantis Motorsport Racing Shop combines Citroën Racing, Peugeot Sport and Opel Motorsports' customer racing distribution and retail sales operations.[66] It is also known as Peugeot Citroën Racing Shop[67] and Peugeot Citroën Opel Racing Shop.[68]

The Stellantis Motorsport Cup is a rally competition run in Belgium, France and Spain using Peugeot 208 and Opel Corsa Rally4 cars.[61] The cup originated in Belgium and Luxembourg as PSA Motorsport Cup Belux.[69]

Technology

[edit]

Electrification

[edit]

Stellantis is implementing its Dare Forward 2030 plan, focusing on electrification. The company aims to invest over €50 billion in this initiative over the next decade. This includes achieving 100% battery electric vehicle (BEV) sales for passenger cars in Europe and 50% BEV sales for passenger cars and light-duty trucks in the United States by 2030. By then, Stellantis plans to have more than 75 BEV models available, targeting 5 million annual BEV sales globally. The strategy involves developing a variety of vehicle types with different battery technologies to maintain affordability and efficiency. Stellantis is using a mix of nickel- and cobalt-free, and nickel-based battery options, recently adding a lithium iron phosphate (LFP) battery pack for cheaper BEV variants. The plan also includes vehicles with front-, rear-, and all-wheel-drive systems, and aims for driving ranges between 500 and 800 kilometers (300–500 miles).[70]

Sustainability

[edit]

Furthering its commitment to sustainability beyond electrification, Stellantis introduced SUSTAINera. This initiative embodies the company's integrated ecosystem of circular economy activities. SUSTAINera focuses on extending the auto parts lifespan and reducing the use of natural resources by implementing the "4R" strategy: Reman, Repair, Reuse, and Recycle. This approach aims to decrease waste and pollution, contributing to Stellantis' objective of achieving carbon net zero by 2038. [71]

Following this goal, in 2020, Stellantis (then PSA Group) expanded its circular economy initiatives with the acquisition of B-Parts, a leading platform specializing in the sale of used auto parts. By integrating platforms like B-Parts into its aftermarket services, Stellantis aims to enhance resource efficiency and provide cost-effective and environmentally friendly solutions.[72]

On 12 December 2024, it was reported that Stellantis have agreed to establish a joint-venture with Contemporary Amperex Technology Co. Ltd. to invest €4.1 billion in building a large-scale lithium iron phosphate battery plant in Zaragoza, Spain. This is in line with Stellantis' long-term objective of achieving zero carbon by year 2038.[73]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Unofficial English translation articles of association Stellantis (English)" (PDF). Stellantis.
  2. ^ "Full Year 2022 Results" (PDF). Stellantis N.V. 22 February 2023. Retrieved 22 February 2023.
  3. ^ "Annual Report and Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2021" (PDF). Stellantis N.V. 25 February 2022. Retrieved 17 March 2022.
  4. ^ "Fiat-Chrysler & Peugeot Agree on Merger to Create 4th-Largest Carmaker". NPR. 19 October 2019. Retrieved 17 July 2020.
  5. ^ Beresford, Colin (19 January 2021). "It's Official: Fiat Chrysler and PSA Group Are Now Stellantis". Car and Driver.
  6. ^ "Top jobs for Stellantis: electrification, restructure Europe, compete in China". Detroit News.
  7. ^ "Stellantis Surges in Trading Debut After Fiat-PSA Merger". Bloomberg. 18 January 2021. Retrieved 19 January 2021.
  8. ^ "STLA - Stellantis NV Shareholders - CNNMoney.com". money.cnn.com.
  9. ^ "Annual Report for the year ended December 31, 2023" (PDF). Stellantis. Retrieved 28 April 2024.
  10. ^ "Fiat Chrysler to Be Renamed Stellantis After Merger With PSA". Wall Street Journal. 15 July 2020.
  11. ^ Stellantis weighs closing production line at Italy's Melfi plant - union, Reuters, 25 March 2021
  12. ^ a b c d "Fiat Chrysler and PSA Group rename merged automaker 'Stellantis'". Fox Business. 16 July 2020. Retrieved 20 September 2022. Stellantis is rooted in the Latin verb "stello" meaning "to brighten with stars."
  13. ^ "Top 15 Automakers in the World | Car Sales Rank Worldwide". F&I Tools.
  14. ^ "The Global 2000 2023". Forbes. Archived from the original on 29 January 2024. Retrieved 7 February 2024.
  15. ^ Smith, Elliot (18 January 2021). "World's fourth-largest carmaker rallies on first day of trade after $52 billion merger". CNBC. Retrieved 19 June 2021.
  16. ^ "Overview". Stellantis. Retrieved 19 January 2021.
  17. ^ "stellans, stellantis M - Latin is Simple Online Dictionary". www.latin-is-simple.com. Retrieved 4 January 2021.
  18. ^ "stellantis" is the genitive, singular form, male and neutral, of "stellans" - or, also, the present active participe of "stello", in that case still meaning "of (he/that who) brights with stars"
  19. ^ "stello, stellas, stellare A, -, stellatum -". Latin is Simple Online Dictionary. Retrieved 4 January 2021.
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  22. ^ "Mergers: Commission approves the merger of Fiat Chrysler Automobiles N.V. and Peugeot S.A., subject to conditions". European Commission (Press release). 21 December 2020.
  23. ^ "Fiat Chrysler and Peugeot shareholders vote to merge, creating world's fourth-largest car maker". NBC News. 4 January 2021. Retrieved 4 January 2021.
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  27. ^ a b Strong, Michael (24 November 2020). "Fiat Chrysler and PSA Not Exactly a "Merger of Equals"". The Detroit bureau.
  28. ^ Stellantis shareholder Dongfeng sells down stake for 600 mln euros, Reuters, 8 September 2021
  29. ^ Taylor, Michael (17 May 2021). "Stellantis Gives Its Alfa Romeo, Lancia And DS Brands One Last Chance". Forbes.
  30. ^ "Stellantis to give each of its 14 car brands 10 years of funding - CEO". Reuters. 14 May 2021.
  31. ^ Padeanu, Adrian (14 May 2021). "Stellantis will invest in Alfa Romeo and Lancia for the next 10 years". Motor1.com.
  32. ^ Noble, Breana (13 May 2021). "Stellantis CEO says brands have 10 years to prove their worth". Detroit News.
  33. ^ "Stellantis: Building a world leader in sustainable mobility". Stellantis. Retrieved 19 January 2021.
  34. ^ Malan, Andrea (18 April 2021). "How Stellantis will speed up its EV transition". Auto News.
  35. ^ Carson, Sean (20 April 2021). "Stellantis maps out future EV platforms with up to 497 miles of range". Auto Express.
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  37. ^ Hampel, Carrie (16 November 2021). "Stellantis reveals details of EU charging network". Electrive. Archived from the original on 16 November 2021.
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  40. ^ Stolyarov, Gleb (15 February 2024). "Exclusive: Russians use Chinese partner to produce Citroën cars at idled Stellantis plant". Reuters. Retrieved 15 February 2024.
  41. ^ "Stellantis pleads guilty, will pay $300 million over allegations of emissions fraud". The Verge. 25 May 2022. Retrieved 26 May 2022.
  42. ^ "Share Now: BMW und Mercedes verkaufen Carsharing an Stellantis". Handelsblatt. 3 May 2022. Archived from the original on 3 May 2022. Retrieved 3 May 2022.
  43. ^ "Share Now: Stellantis übernimmt Carsharing von BMW und Mercedes". Manager Magazin (in German). 3 May 2022. Archived from the original on 3 May 2022. Retrieved 3 May 2022.
  44. ^ "Free2move Becomes a World Leader in Mobility with Acquisition of Share Now". Stellantis. 18 July 2022. Retrieved 5 November 2022.
  45. ^ Hammerschmidt, Christoph (17 November 2022). "Stellantis acquires AI startup aiMotive". EE News Europe. Retrieved 17 November 2022.
  46. ^ "Stellantis Will Create New Software Development Hub in Poland". MarketWatch. Retrieved 20 February 2023.
  47. ^ "Stellantis to Become a Strategic Shareholder of Leapmotor with €1.5 Billion Investment and Bolster Leapmotor's Global Electric Vehicle Business". Stellantis. Retrieved 30 October 2023.
  48. ^ "Stellantis' Chinese gamble". EV inFocus. 30 October 2023. Retrieved 30 October 2023.
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  50. ^ "A traditional automaker just turned a profit on EVs". CNN Business. Archived from the original on 15 February 2024. Retrieved 26 February 2024.
  51. ^ Robson, Kurt (20 March 2024). "Stellantis acquires stake in optical radar startup SteerLight". Verdict. Retrieved 20 March 2024.
  52. ^ SWVaux Staff (1 December 2024). "Board Accepts Carlos Tavares' Resignation as Chief Executive Officer". SWVaux.com. Newport, Wales: The Vauxhall Owners Club of South Wales. Retrieved 2 December 2024.[better source needed]
  53. ^ "Appointment of the Top Executive Team to steer Stellantis". Stellantis. Retrieved 19 January 2021.
  54. ^ "Christine Feuell will join Stellantis as Chrysler Brand CEO". Stellantis (Press release). 7 September 2021.
  55. ^ "Vauxhall History". Retrieved 10 March 2021.
  56. ^ "Stellantis N.V. Company profile". Euronext. Retrieved 31 May 2024.
  57. ^ https://swvaux.com/board-accepts-carlos-tavares-resignation-as-chief-executive-officer/
  58. ^ a b c "Fusion PSA-FCA: le conseil d'administration de Stellantis est constitué". BFM TV. Retrieved 18 July 2023.
  59. ^ a b c "PSA/FCA : qui sont les membres du nouveau conseil d'administration de Stellantis ?". La Tribune. 29 September 2020. Retrieved 18 July 2023.
  60. ^ "Catching Up With: Jean-Marc Finot". dailysportscar.com. Retrieved 27 January 2023.
  61. ^ a b "Join Stellantis Motorsport in 2023". Citroën Racing. Retrieved 27 January 2023.
  62. ^ "Citroën stars confirm WRC2 plans". WRC – World Rally Championship. Retrieved 6 February 2023.
  63. ^ "Thomas Chevaucher named Director of DS Performance | Stellantis". Stellantis. Retrieved 27 January 2023.
  64. ^ "Maserati returns to motorsport with Gen3 Formula E entry". The Official Home of Formula E. 11 January 2022. Retrieved 27 January 2023.
  65. ^ "TotalEnergies and the Opel e-Rally Cup". TotalEnergies Competition. 28 June 2021. Retrieved 27 January 2023.
  66. ^ a b "The 208 Rally Cup joins the Stellantis Motorsport Rally Cup". Stellantis. Retrieved 27 January 2023.
  67. ^ "Legal notice". Citroën Racing (in French). Retrieved 6 February 2023.
  68. ^ Dart, Frédéric. "Visite: Peugeot Citroën Opel Racing Shop". Rallyes magazine (in French). Retrieved 6 February 2023.
  69. ^ "Peugeot Sport". Facebook. Retrieved 6 February 2023.
  70. ^ "Electrification". Stellantis. Retrieved 5 August 2024.
  71. ^ "Stellantis details 'circular economy' business unit to get most use from parts".
  72. ^ "PSA Aftermarket acquires used parts business Amanhã Global".
  73. ^ "Stellantis & CATL to Build EUR4.1B LFP Battery Plant in Spain". Yahoo. 12 December 2024. Retrieved 16 December 2024.
[edit]

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