Santiago Metropolitan Region

Santiago Metropolitan Region Región Metropolitana de Santiago
Regionelan
Montage of Santiago Metropolitan Region
Flag Coat of arms
Map of Santiago Metropolitan Region
Coordinates: 33°26′16″S 70°39′01″W
Country	Chile
Capital	Santiago
Provinces	Santiago, Chacabuco, Cordillera, Maipo, Melipilla, Talagante
Government
• Regional governor	Claudio Orrego
• Presidencial Regional Delegate	Gonzalo Andrés Durán Baronti
Area
• Total	15,403.2 km2 (5,947.2 sq mi)
• Rank	15
Highest elevation	6,570 m (21,560 ft)
Population  (2017)
• Total	7,036,792
• Rank	1
• Density	460/km2 (1,200/sq mi)
GDP (PPP)
• Total	$175.108 billion (2014)
• Per capita	$39,000 (2024)
ISO 3166 code	CL-RM
HDI (2022)	0.890 very high
Website	(in Spanish) Gobierno Regional Metropolitano de Santiago

Santiago Metropolitan Region (Spanish: Región Metropolitana de Santiago) is one of Chile's 16 first-order administrative divisions. It is the country's only landlocked administrative region and contains the nation's capital, Santiago. Most commercial and administrative centers are located in the region, including Chile's main international airport, Arturo Merino Benítez International Airport.

With an area of 15,403.2 km² (5,947 sq mi) and population over seven million, it is Chile's most populated and most densely populated region.

History

The region's history of European influence started in 1542, a few days after Santiago was founded. When the Santiago cabildo was built, its function was to supervise the entire territory. Later, with the creation of the cities of La Serena and Concepción and the creation of their respective cabildos, its territorial reach was reduced.

On 30 August 1826, 8 provinces were created, with the Santiago Province being one of them, but it wasn't until 1980 that the Metropolitan Region was created.

Geography

Metropolitana is Chile's only landlocked region and lies in the Intermediate Depression valley between the Chilean Coast Range and the Andes mountains. Cerro San Cristóbal dominates the sprawling Santiago cityscape at a height of 880 m (2,887 ft) above sea level with city suburbs steadily climbing the foothills of the Andes to the east. The Tupungato stratovolcano, measures 6,570 m (21,555 ft) on the Argentine border, is one of South America's highest peaks.

The dominant drainage basin feeds into the Maipo River; its main tributaries are the Mapocho, Yeso and Colorado rivers.

Climate and natural features

The climate of the Metropolitan Region is temperate Mediterranean cold, of the kind called continental. Precipitation is concentrated in the winter months, generally as snow over 900 m above sea level and, in colder years, over the city of Santiago. Winter tends to be cold with frequent frosts during which temperature drops below 0 °C (32 °F). The summer months are usually dry and hot. The Cordillera de la Costa acts as a climate screen and reduces marine influence, which makes the climate more continental. This situation becomes apparent when comparing precipitation from a coastal location such as Valparaíso (460 mm) with that of Santiago de Chile (360 mm).

The annual median precipitation reaches 367 mm on average. The annual median temperature comes out to 13.5 °C (56 °F), with a median high of 21 °C (70 °F) and a median low of 6 °C (43 °F) in urban areas. Rural areas tend to be colder, as temperature reaches −10 °C (14 °F) in the coldest months (July, August)

Most of the region is made up of an extremely fertile, level prairie that the locals call la Depresión intermedia (Intermediate Depression). The terrain is known for its low elevation in relation to sea level and for being surrounded by hills, as well as emergent so-called island hills, such as Santa Lucía (an ancient extinct volcano), Blanco, and Renca, present today in the city of Santiago.

There is some occurrence of the endangered Chilean Wine Palm, Jubaea chilensis within the Santiago Province; this iconic tree of central Chile had a much larger range prehistorically, before the decimation of much of its habitat by the expanding human population.

Economy and culture

The region's principal industries include manufacturing, services, retail, and financial services. The capital of Santiago serves as the country's administrative, industrial, commercial, financial and cultural center, producing 41.5% of Chile's gross domestic product, according to central bank estimates. The Plaza de Armas, the central square in downtown Santiago, hosts the city's cathedral and city hall. Eight city blocks around the presidential palace, La Moneda, are where most ministries, services and commercial banks can be found. Vitacura and El Golf host most of the city's high-rise buildings and are also home to the Latin American headquarters of several United Nations organizations. Though Santiago's expansion has caused newer vineyards to move to more rural locations, many of the country's oldest wineries, built in the 19th century, have preserved cellars in the valley.

Government and administration

The region is divided into 6 provinces, which are themselves divided into 52 communes. Since 2021 the region is governed by the governor, who is elected by popular vote. The current governor is Claudio Orrego Larraín (Independent).

This table is based on the corresponding Spanish article

Provincia	Capital	Comuna
Chacabuco	Colina	1 Colina
		2 Lampa
		3 Til-Til
Cordillera	Puente Alto	4 Pirque
		5 Puente Alto
		6 San José de Maipo
Maipo	San Bernardo	7 Buin
		8 Calera de Tango
		9 Paine
		10 San Bernardo
Melipilla	Melipilla	11 Alhué
		12 Curacaví
		13 María Pinto
		14 Melipilla
		15 San Pedro
Santiago	Santiago	16 Cerrillos
		17 Cerro Navia
		18 Conchalí
		19 El Bosque
		20 Estación Central
		21 Huechuraba
		22 Independencia
		23 La Cisterna
		24 La Granja
		25 La Florida
		26 La Pintana
		27 La Reina
		28 Las Condes
		29 Lo Barnechea
		30 Lo Espejo
		31 Lo Prado
		32 Macul
		33 Maipú
		34 Ñuñoa
		35 Pedro Aguirre Cerda
		36 Peñalolén
		37 Providencia
		38 Pudahuel
		39 Quilicura
		40 Quinta Normal
		41 Recoleta
		42 Renca
		43 San Miguel
		44 San Joaquín
		45 San Ramón
		46 Santiago
		47 Vitacura
Talagante	Talagante	48 El Monte
		49 Isla de Maipo
		50 Padre Hurtado
		51 Peñaflor
		52 Talagante

Gallery

• 
  Metropolitan communes by Human Development Index
• 
  Santiago de Chile
• 
  View of Palacio de La Moneda
• 
  Kennedy Avenue, East Santiago with the Hyatt at the far right.
• 
  Isidora Goyenechea Avenue, Santiago financial district.
• 
  Typical middle-class neighbourhood
• 
  Santiago at night
• 
  One of the region's ski centers
• 
  Sanhattan, Santiago's financial district with the Great Tower of Santiago.
• 
  Santiago's Financial District with the Great Tower on the right and the Titanium on the left.
• 
  Apoquindo Avenue, the main avenue leading to the financial district.
• 
  House in one of the region's ski centers.