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Kasur District

Coordinates: 31°00′N 74°10′E / 31.000°N 74.167°E / 31.000; 74.167
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Kasur District
ضلع قصور
District of Punjab
From top left to right; Outskirts of the city of Kasur, Gohar Jageer village, Changa Manga, Fields near Ganda Singh Wala, Jinn Mosque of Kasur, Tomb of Bulleh Shah
Map of Kasur District (highlighted in red) within Punjab.
Map of Kasur District (highlighted in red) within Punjab.
Country Pakistan
Province Punjab
DivisionLahore
Established1 July 1976; 48 years ago (1 July 1976)
HeadquartersKasur
Administrative Subdivisions
04
  • Chunian Tehsil
    Kasur Tehsil
    Kot Radha Kishan Tehsil
    Pattoki Tehsil
Government
 • TypeDistrict Administration
 • District CommissionerAurangzeb Haider Khan
 • ConstituensyNA-131 Kasur-I
NA-132 Kasur-II
NA-133 Kasur-III
NA-134 Kasur-IV
Area
[1]
 • District of Punjab
3,995 km2 (1,542 sq mi)
Elevation
218 m (715 ft)
Population
 (2023)
 • District of Punjab
4,084,286
 • Density1,000/km2 (2,600/sq mi)
 • Urban
1,243,882
 • Rural
2,840,404
DemonymKasuri
Literacy
[2]
 • Literacy rate
  • Total:
    (62.85%)
  • Male:
    (67.97%)
  • Female:
    (57.44%)
Time zoneUTC+05:00 (PKT)
 • Summer (DST)DST is not observed
ZIP Code
55050
NWD (area) code049
ISO 3166 codePK-PB
Websitekasur.punjab.gov.pk

Kasur District (Punjabi, Urdu: ضلع قصور, romanized: Zilā Qasūr), is a district located in Lahore Division of Punjab, Pakistan. It came into existence on 1 July 1976;[3] prior to its creation, the area comprised two tehsils (Kasur Tehsil and Chunian Tehsil) of Lahore District. According to 2023 Pakistani census Kasur District had a population of 4,081,568 (4.8 million).

The district capital is Kasur city, the birth city of the Sufi poet Bulleh Shah, who is well known in that region as well as in the whole of Pakistan. The total area of the district is 3,995 square kilometres.[4]

Geography

[edit]

The district is bounded by the Ravi River in the north-west and river Sutlej in the south-east. Whereas the old course of Beas River bifurcates the district into two equal parts locally known as Hither and Uthar or Mithan Majh. Both of the areas have a height differential of approximately 5.5 meters. The natural surface elevation of the district is 198 meters above the sea level, having a general slope from north-east to south- west. Whereas the east and west ends of the district comprise the flood plains of the rivers Satluj and Ravi, characterized by breaching of looping river Channels braided around meander bars. Kasur district is attached with Lahore from east, attached with Nankana Sahib from north, attached with Faisalabad from west and attached with Okara and India from south.

Topography

[edit]

Topographically speaking, Kasur District lies between the river Satluj which flows along its boundaries with India and river Ravi which flows its boundary with Nankana Sahib District. The districts may be divided into two parts, a low lying or riverine area along the two bordering rivers and upland, away from the rivers. The riverine area is generally inundates during monsoon season. The water level in this area is higher than in the upland. The soil is sandy. The upland is flat plains sloping from north-west to south-west. The general height of the area is from 150 to 200 meters above the sea level.

Flora

[edit]

Flora of the district has been greatly modified by human agency of the old open forests of small trees and shrubs; there remains only a few Rakhs or portions of forest which are kept as gazing ground for cattle etc. Amongst trees the most important are Kikar (Acacia arabica), Shisham or Tahli (Dalbergia sissoo), Beri (Zizyphus jajaba), Toot (Morus marlaccae), Sharin (Albizzia lebbek), Dharek (Malia azerdaracb), Phulahi (Acacia modesta), and Nim (Melia indica), Piple (Ficus indica) are planted for shade. The growth in Rakhs is composed mainly of three kinds of trees Jand (Prosopis spicigera), Karril (Capparis aphylla), and van or Jal (Salvadora obeoides). Occasionally pelu (acacia Loucophhloea) and Farash (Tamarix articulate) are also found. Pilchi (Tamarix gallio) is found on moist sandy soil along the rivers and is used for wicker-work, basket making etc.

Fauna

[edit]

Wolf and jackal are the only wild animals of any importance. The former being met with occasionally in the low land wastes of Chunian Tehsil but jackal are found every where. Changa Manga reserve a thick forest is the only area in which a few Nelgai, pig, peafowl and here are found.

History

[edit]

In ancient time, Kasur was known for its education and fish. The history of Kasur is more than 1,000 years. The Kasur region was an agricultural region with forests during the Indus Valley civilization. The Vedic period is characterized by Indo-Aryan culture that migrated from Central Asia and settled in Punjab region. The Kambojas, Daradas, Kaikayas, Pauravas, Yaudheyas, Malavas and Kurus migrated, settled and ruled ancient Punjab region. After overrunning the Achaemenid Empire in 331 BCE, Alexander marched into present-day Punjab region with an army of 50,000. The Kasur region was ruled by Maurya Empire, Indo-Greek kingdom, Kushan Empire, Gupta Empire, White Huns, Kushano-Hephthalites and the Turk and Hindu Shahi kingdoms.

In 997 CE, Sultan Mahmud Ghaznavi, took over the Ghaznavid dynasty empire established by his father, Sultan Sebuktegin, In 1005 he conquered the Shahis in Kabul in 1005, and followed it by the conquests of Punjab region. The Delhi Sultanate and later Mughal Empire ruled the region. The Punjab region became predominantly Muslim due to missionary Sufi saints whose dargahs dot the landscape of the Punjab region.

The Mughal Empire ruled Kasur for 200 years. After and during the decline of the Mughal Empire, the Sikhs took over the Kasur District. The agriculture lands were given to leaders and supporters of the Sikh army. Most of the Punjab region was annexed by the East India Company in 1849, and was one of the last areas of the South Asia to fall under British colonial rule. During the British Raj, the irrigation canals were built that irrigated large areas barren lands of the Kasur District.

The predominantly Muslim population supported Muslim League and Pakistan Movement. After the independence of Pakistan in 1947, the minority Sikhs and Hindus migrated to India while the Muslim refugees from India settled in the Kasur District.

Demographics

[edit]
Historical population
YearPop.±% p.a.
1951 760,304—    
1961 853,877+1.17%
1972 1,186,386+3.03%
1981 1,528,002+2.85%
1998 2,375,875+2.63%
2017 3,454,881+1.99%
2023 4,084,286+2.83%
Sources:[5]


As of the 2023 census, Kasur district has 645,308 households and a population of 4,084,286. The district has a sex ratio of 104.53 males to 100 females and a literacy rate of 62.85%: 67.97% for males and 57.44% for females.[1][6] 1,146,988 (28.10% of the surveyed population) are under 10 years of age.[7] 1,243,882 (30.46%) live in urban areas.[1]

Religion in Kasur district (2023)[8]
Religion Percent
Islam
 
 96.52%
Christianity
 
 3.43%
Other or not stated
 
 0.05%
Religion in Kasur District
Religious
group 		1941[9][a] 2017[12] 2023[8]
Pop. % Pop. % Pop. %
Islam 368,590 60.00% 3,333,273 96.48% 3,939,584 96.52%
Sikhism 145,919 23.75% — — 53 ~0%
Hinduism 77,923 12.69% 243 0.01% 475 0.01%
Christianity 21,170 3.45% 119,801 3.47% 140,136 3.43%
Ahmadiyya — — 1,094 0.03% 803 0.02%
Others[b] 672 0.11% 470 0.01% 517 0.02%
Total Population 614,274 100% 3,454,881 100% 4,081,568 100%

Languages of Kasur district (2023)[13]

  Punjabi (84.29%)
  Mewati (11.53%)
  Urdu (3.36%)
  Others (0.82%)

At the time of the 2023 census, 84.29% of the population spoke Punjabi, 11.53% Mewati and 3.36% Urdu as their first language.[14]

Development

[edit]
Map showing the three tehsils of Kasur -Pattoki, Kasur, Chunian.

The Bambawali-Ravi-Bedian Canal was built in Kasur district increasing the agricultural development of the area. There has been commercial and industrial development but the area remain mainly agricultural. Pakistan Army built Cantonment area for an infantry brigade in the district.

Administrative divisions

[edit]

The district is administratively subdivided into 4 Tehsils - Chunian, Kasur, Kot Radha Kishan and Pattoki - spanning a territory of 13 divisions and 125 Union Councils:[15] the total area of Kasur is 3995 km2.

Tehsil[16] Area

(km²)[17]

Pop.

(2023)

Density

(ppl/km²)

(2023)

Literacy rate

(2023)[18]

Union Councils
Chunian 1,212 979,746 808.37 60.64% ...
Kasur 1,493 1,603,658 1,074.12 63.63% ...
Kot Radha Kishan 398 424,875 1,067.53 64.66% ...
Pattoki 892 1,076,007 1,206.29 62.98% ...

Places of interest

[edit]
Baba Ram Thaman Shrine, a 16-century Hindu shrine from pre-partition.

Kasur famous for Kasuri methi, Kasuri fish, and Kasuri andarsay. The city is also the resting place of Sufi poet Bulleh Shah. Other places of interest include:

  • Shrine of Atta Ullah Vato Khuveshgi Alias Peer Bolna Sarkar
  • Shrine of Baba Sadar Dewan[19]
  • Kasur Museum[20]
  • Tomb of Baba Kamal Chishti[19]
  • Shrine of Abdullah Shah Bukhari (Baba Sha Jhanda),[19] near Pattoki city in the village also named after him
  • Gurdwara Hardo Sahari and Samadh Pir Sahari Chhina Jatt. Village Hardo Sahari

Qadiwind is a historically significant to the Sikh religion. After the independence in 1947, the Sikhs there emigrated to East Punjab in India. Punjabi writer Baba Sohan Singh Sital was a resident of this village. His house and garden area was allotted to Muslim refugees from Mewat who came as part of independence.

Notable people

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c "7th Population and Housing Census - Detailed Results: Table 1" (PDF). Pakistan Bureau of Statistics.
  2. ^ "Literacy rate, enrolments, and out-of-school population by sex and rural/urban, CENSUS-2023" (PDF).
  3. ^ 1998 District Census report of Kasur. Census publication. Vol. 112. Islamabad: Population Census Organization, Statistics Division, Government of Pakistan. 2000.
  4. ^ "Kasur Police". Archived from the original on 4 January 2008. Retrieved 31 August 2021.
  5. ^ "Population by administrative units 1951-1998" (PDF). Pakistan Bureau of Statistics.
  6. ^ "7th Population and Housing Census - Detailed Results: Table 12" (PDF). Pakistan Bureau of Statistics.
  7. ^ "7th Population and Housing Census - Detailed Results: Table 5" (PDF). Pakistan Bureau of Statistics.
  8. ^ a b "Population by Sex, Religion and Rural/Urban, Census-2023" (PDF). Pakistan Bureau of Statistics. 2023. Retrieved 2 August 2024.
  9. ^ "Census of India, 1941. Vol. 6, Punjab". 1941. p. 42. JSTOR saoa.crl.28215541. Retrieved 23 March 2024.
  10. ^ District Census Report: Lahore. Pakistan Bureau of Statistics. 1951 – via DSpace: Lahore School of Economics.
  11. ^ District Census Handbook: Amritsar. Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India. 1951.
  12. ^ "Final Results (Census-2017)". Retrieved 23 March 2024.
  13. ^ "District Wise Results / Tables (Census - 2023)" (PDF). www.pbscensus.gov.pk. Pakistan Bureau of Statistics.
  14. ^ "Pakistan Census 2023" (PDF).
  15. ^ "Tehsils & Unions in the District of Kasur". National Reconstruction Bureau, Government of Pakistan website. Archived from the original on 7 August 2011. Retrieved 31 August 2021.
  16. ^ Divisions/Districts of Pakistan Archived 2006-09-30 at the Wayback Machine Note: Although divisions as an administrative structure has been abolished, the election commission of Pakistan still groups districts under the division names
  17. ^ "TABLE 1 : AREA, POPULATION BY SEX, SEX RATIO, POPULATION DENSITY, URBAN POPULATION, HOUSEHOLD SIZE AND ANNUAL GROWTH RATE, CENSUS-2023, PUNJAB" (PDF).
  18. ^ "LITERACY RATE, ENROLMENT AND OUT OF SCHOOL POPULATION BY SEX AND RURAL/URBAN, CENSUS-2023" (PDF).
  19. ^ a b c Shujrah, Mahnaz (16 January 2017). "Kasur: A Day in the City of Shrines - Mahnaz Shujrah - Youlin Magazine". www.youlinmagazine.com. Retrieved 4 April 2022.
  20. ^ Agencies. "Kasur Museum: a captivating corridor of cultural history | Pakistan Today". Retrieved 4 April 2022.
  21. ^ a b c d Important Personalities Kasur District, Punjab Portal website. Retrieved 1 September 2021

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ 1941 figures are for Chunian and part of Kasur tehsil of erstwhile Lahore district, which roughly corresponds to the present district. Figures for rural part of present area of erstwhile Kasur tehsil were obtained from the ratio of 1951 census figures of Kasur, which became Pakistan, and Patti tehsils, which became India.[10][11] Religious demographics in rural areas were assumed to be homogenous.
  2. ^ Including Anglo-Indian Christians, British Christians, Buddhism, Zoroastrianism, Judaism, Tribals, others, or not stated

31°00′N 74°10′E / 31.000°N 74.167°E / 31.000; 74.167

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