Psilocybe subaeruginascens
Psilocybe subaeruginascens | |
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Scientific classification | |
Domain: | Eukaryota |
Kingdom: | Fungi |
Division: | Basidiomycota |
Class: | Agaricomycetes |
Order: | Agaricales |
Family: | Hymenogastraceae |
Genus: | Psilocybe |
Species: | P. subaeruginascens
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Binomial name | |
Psilocybe subaeruginascens Hohnel
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Psilocybe subaeruginascens | |
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Gills on hymenium | |
Cap is campanulate or conical | |
Hymenium is adnate | |
Stipe has a ring | |
Spore print is blackish-brown | |
Ecology is saprotrophic | |
Edibility is psychoactive |
Psilocybe subaeruginascens is a psychedelic mushroom which has psilocybin and psilocin as main active compounds. This mushroom is closely related to Psilocybe ovoideocystidiata.
Description
[edit]The cap is 20-30 mm, and conical, to broadly campanulate (bell-shaped) or umbonate. It has a striated, ivory or pale-gray/brown colour, with a blue-green tinge and is hygrophanous. It does not change colour in reaction to KOH. [1][2]
The tough white stipe measures 40-65 x 2-3 mm. It is smooth to finely hairy though its base has conspicuous white rhizoids and mycelial strands attached to substrate. It has a fragile, fleeting, white ring. It bruises blue-green where damaged. The flesh is tough, white, blues when touched and its odor is unpleasant.[2]
The gills are a pale brown, to yellowish brown color when young, becoming dark brown with white fringed edges in age. They have an adnate attachment. Its spore print is dark brown or black.[2]
Microscopic Features
[edit]The spores measure 8-9.5x 5-6.5 x 4.5-5.5 μm, and are elliptical to subrhomboid in face view and almond-shaped in side view. They have thick-walls (1-1.3 μm in diameter), with distinct germ pore at its apex, and are smooth and opaque. The basidia are 24-30 x 6-8 μm in size, and are cylindrical. They have 4 spores each, and have sterigmata that are up to 7 μm long. [2][1]
The cheilocystidia measure 18-24 x 6-10 μm, and are spindle to urn-shaped, with a rounded or slightly swollen apex. The apex is sometimes covered in a thin, transparent crust. The spores have thin-walls, and are transparent. Pleurocystidia and caulocystidia absent. Clamp connections are present.
The hyphae of the pileipellis run in parallel to the cap surface, and are transparent, to pale yellow. They are 4-10 μm in diameter and are non-gelatinized, and non-incrusted, with no distinct terminal cells. The subpellis is made up of transparent, irregularly interwoven, thin-walled hyphae.[2] The stipitipellis has parallel, transparent to yellowish brown, thin-walled hyphae that are 5–7 μm wide.[1]
Distribution and habitat
[edit]Psilocybe subaeruginascens grows in gregariously and in cespitose clusters in wood chips, piles of leaves, and woody debris in urban areas and along trails and roads in deciduous forests and gardens. It is occasionally found in dung. It is found from April to July in southern Japan and subtropical Java and in Kwazulu-Natal South Africa where it occurs in February and March. A similar species, Psilocybe ovoideocystidiata has been reported from the Bay Area of California.[3]
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ a b c P. S, Silva; Santos da Silva, Paula; Borges da Silveira, Rosa Mara; Cortez, Vagner G. (December 2014). "Notes on Deconica and Psilocybe (Agaricales) from the southern border of Atlantic forest and Pampa biomes of Brazil". Sydowia. An International Journal of Mycology (66): 217–228. doi:10.12905/0380.sydowia66(2)2014-0217. ISSN 0082-0598.
- ^ a b c d e Horak, Egon; Desjardin, Dennis D (June 2006). "Agaricales of Indonesia. 6. Psilocybe (Strophariaceae) from Indonesia (Java, Bali, Lombok)". Sydowia. 58: 15–37.
- ^ http://www.sporeworksgallery.com/Stuntzae
- Guzman, G. The Genus Psilocybe: A Systematic Revision of the Known Species Including the History, Distribution and Chemistry of the Hallucinogenic Species. Beihefte zur Nova Hedwigia Heft 74. J. Cramer, Vaduz, Germany (1983) [now out of print].