PKS 1302-102

PKS 1302−102
PKS 1302−102
Observation data (Epoch J2000.0)
Constellation	Virgo
Right ascension	13h 05m 33.01498s
Declination	−10° 33′ 19.4266″
Redshift	0.2784
Distance	3.5×109 ly (1.1 Gpc)
Type	FSRS, FSRQ, FSQ, QSO, E4
Apparent magnitude (V)	14.9
Other designations
	PG 1302−102, PG 1302−103, ICRF J130533.0−103319, PKS 1302−102, PKS 1302−103, PKS J1305−1033, PKS B1302−102, QSO J1305−1033, QSO B1302−1017, PGC 4662778
	See also: Quasar, List of quasars

PKS 1302−102 is a quasar in the Virgo constellation, located at a distance of approximately 1.1 Gpc (around 3.5 billion light-years).^[1] It has an apparent magnitude of about 14.9 mag in the V band with a redshift of 0.2784.^[1] The quasar is hosted by a bright elliptical galaxy,^[3] with two neighboring companions at distances of 3 kpc and 6 kpc. The light curve of PKS 1302−102 appears to be sinusoidal with an amplitude of 0.14 mag and a period of 1,884 ± 88 days, which suggests evidence of a supermassive black hole binary.^[4]

Possible black hole binary

PKS 1302−102 was selected from the Catalina Real-Time Transient Survey as one of 20 quasars with apparent periodic variations in the light curve. Of these quasars, PKS 1302−102 appeared to be the best candidate in terms of sinusoidal behavior and other selection criteria, such as data coverage of more than 1.5 cycles in the measured period.^[4] One plausible interpretation of the apparent periodic behavior is the possibility of two supermassive black holes (SMBH) orbiting each other with a separation of approximately 0.1 pc in the final stages of a 3.3 billion year old galaxy merger. If this turns out to be the case, it would make PKS 1302−102 an important object of study to various areas of research, including gravitational wave studies and the unsolved final parsec problem in a merger of black holes.

Other explanations, of lesser likelihood, to the observed sinusoidal periodicity include a hot spot on the inner part of the black hole's accretion disk and the possibility of a warped accretion disk which partially eclipses in the orbit around a single SMBH.^[4] However, it also remains possible that the periodic behavior in PKS 1302−102 is indeed just a random occurrence in the light curve of an ordinary quasar, as spurious nearly-periodic variations can occur over limited time periods as part of stochastic quasar variability.^[5] Further observations of the quasar could either promote true periodicity or rule out a binary interpretation, especially if the measured light curve randomly diverges from the sinusoidal model.^[5]

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h "PG 1302−102". NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database. Retrieved 2015-01-11.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d "ICRF J130533.0−103319". SIMBAD. Centre de données astronomiques de Strasbourg. Retrieved 2015-01-10.
^ Disney, M. J.; Boyce, P. J.; Blades, J. C.; Boksenberg, A.; Crane, P.; Deharveng, J. M.; Macchetto, F.; Mackay, C. D.; Sparks, W. B. (1995-07-13). "Interacting elliptical galaxies as hosts of intermediate-redshift quasars". Nature. 376 (6536): 150–153. Bibcode:1995Natur.376..150D. doi:10.1038/376150a0. S2CID 4346547.
^ ^a ^b ^c Graham, Matthew J.; Djorgovski, S. G.; Stern, Daniel; Glikman, Eilat; Drake, Andrew J.; Mahabal, Ashish A.; Donalek, Ciro; Larson, Steve; Christensen, Eric (2015-02-01). "A possible close supermassive black-hole binary in a quasar with optical periodicity". Nature. 518 (7537): 74–76. arXiv:1501.01375. Bibcode:2015Natur.518...74G. doi:10.1038/nature14143. ISSN 0028-0836. PMID 25561176. S2CID 4459433.
^ ^a ^b Vaughan, S.; Uttley, P.; Markowitz, A. G.; Huppenkothen, D.; Middleton, M. J.; Alston, W. N.; Scargle, J. D.; Farr, W. M. (2016-09-01). "False periodicities in quasar time-domain surveys". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 461 (3): 3145–3152. arXiv:1606.02620. Bibcode:2016MNRAS.461.3145V. doi:10.1093/mnras/stw1412. ISSN 0035-8711.

v t e Black holes
Outline
Types	BTZ black hole Schwarzschild Rotating Charged Virtual Kugelblitz Supermassive Primordial Direct collapse Rogue Malament–Hogarth spacetime
Size	Micro Extremal Electron Stellar Microquasar Intermediate-mass Supermassive Active galactic nucleus Quasar LQG Blazar OVV
Formation	Stellar evolution Gravitational collapse Neutron star Related links Tolman–Oppenheimer–Volkoff limit White dwarf Related links Supernova Micronova Hypernova Related links Gamma-ray burst Binary black hole Quark star Supermassive star Quasi-star Supermassive dark star X-ray binary
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Issues	Black hole complementarity Information paradox Cosmic censorship ER = EPR Final parsec problem Firewall (physics) Holographic principle No-hair theorem
Metrics	Schwarzschild (Derivation) Kerr Reissner–Nordström Kerr–Newman Hayward
Alternatives	Nonsingular black hole models Black star Dark star Dark-energy star Gravastar Magnetospheric eternally collapsing object Planck star Q star Fuzzball Geon
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Notable	Cygnus X-1 XTE J1650-500 XTE J1118+480 A0620-00 Sagittarius A* Centaurus A Phoenix Cluster PKS 1302-102 OJ 287 SDSS J0849+1114 TON 618 MS 0735.6+7421 NeVe 1 Hercules A 3C 273 Q0906+6930 Markarian 501 ULAS J1342+0928 PSO J030947.49+271757.31 AT2018hyz Swift J1644+57
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Possible black hole binary

References

Further reading