Bahawalpur (princely state)
State of Bahawalpur بہاولپور دی ریاست | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1748–1955 | |||||||||
 Flag
 Coat of arms
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| Motto: "دوست صادق (Dost Sadiq)" English: Faithful Friend | |||||||||
 Bahawalpur State in the Imperial Gazetteer of India | |||||||||
| Capital | Bahawalpur | ||||||||
| Government | Principality (1748–1955) | ||||||||
| Nawab Amir of Bahawalpur | |||||||||
| Prime Minister of Bahawalpur | |||||||||
• 1942–1947 | Sir Richard Marsh Crofton | ||||||||
• 1948–1952 | Sir John Dring | ||||||||
• 1952 – 14 October 1955 | A.R. Khan | ||||||||
| Historical era | Early Modern Period | ||||||||
• Established | 1748 | ||||||||
• Merged into West Pakistan | 14 October 1955 | ||||||||
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| Today part of | Pakistan | ||||||||
| Bahawalpur | |
|---|---|
| Subdivision of Pakistan | |
| 1748–14 October 1955 | |
 Flag | |
 Map of Pakistan with Bahawalpur highlighted | |
| Capital | Bahawalpur |
| Area | |
• | 45,911 km2 (17,726 sq mi) |
| History | |
• Established | 1748 |
• Disestablished | 14 October 1955 |
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| This article is part of the series |
| Former administrative units of Pakistan |
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Bahawalpur (Urdu, Punjabi: بہاولپُور) was a princely state in subsidiary alliance with British Raj and later Dominion of Pakistan, that was a part of the Punjab States Agency. The state covered an area of 45,911 km2 (17,726 sq mi) and had a population of 1,341,209 in 1941. The capital of the state was the town of Bahawalpur.[1]
The state was founded in 1748 by Nawab Bahawal Khan Abbasi. On 22 February 1833, Abbasi III entered into a subsidiary alliance with the British, by which Bahawalpur was admitted as a princely state. When British rule ended in 1947 and British Raj was partitioned into India and Pakistan, Bahawalpur joined the Dominion of Pakistan. Bahawalpur remained an autonomous entity until 14 October 1955, when it was merged with the province of West Pakistan.[1]
Styles & Titles
[edit]The ruling prince: ba-Fazlah taalah Ala Hazrat Jalalat ul-Mulk, Rukn ud-Daula, Saif ud-Daula, Hafiz ul-Mulk, Mukhlis ud-Daula, wa Muin ud-Daula, Nawab (personal name) Khan (reign numeral) Abbasi Bahadur, Nusrat Jung, Farman rawa-i-Mamlukat Khudadad Bahawalpur, i.e. By the Grace of God, His Highness Rukn ud-Daula, Saif ud-Daula, Hafiz ul-Mulk, Mukhlis ud-Daula, and Muin ud-Daula, Nawab (personal name) Khan (reign numeral) Abbasi Bahadur, Nusrat Jung, Commander of the God gifted kingdom of Bahawalpur.
The principal consort of the ruling prince: Nawab (personal name) Begum Sahiba, with the style of Her Highness.
The other wives of the ruling prince: (personal name) Begum Sahiba.
The Heir Apparent: Nawabzada (personal name) Khan Abassi, Wali Ahad Bahadur.
The other sons of the ruling prince*: Sahibzada (personal name) Abassi.
The daughters of the ruling prince*: Sahibzadi (personal name).
Other male descendants of the ruling prince, in the male line: Sahibzada (personal name) Khan Abassi.
* The senior members of the family sometimes use the title of Prince and Princess when communicating with foreigners.
History
[edit]| Year | Pop. | ±% |
|---|---|---|
| 1871 | — | |
| 1881 | 573,494 | — |
| 1891 | 650,042 | +13.3% |
| 1901 | 720,877 | +10.9% |
| 1911 | 780,641 | +8.3% |
| 1921 | 781,191 | +0.1% |
| 1931 | 984,612 | +26.0% |
| 1941 | 1,341,209 | +36.2% |
IN the 10th Century, Arab from Bagdad captured western part of South Asia and founded Bagdad-ul-Jadid (New Baghdad). When more Muslims immigrants spilled through the fertile valley of the Indus River, the Princely State of Bahawalpur was born.
Bahawalpur is neither just a tale nor a traveling account. It pertains to one of the interesting episodes of the history of the South Asia. The story tells how adventurous Abbasid, after the downfall of their empire at Bagdad got another lease of life on the South Asian soil. Baghdad to Bahawalpur is the life story of people who have for the past many centuries have been serving Islam and the Islamic values in the South Asia. The city was home to various Nawabs (rules).
The city is known for its famous palaces such as the Noor Mahal, Sadiq Ghar Palace, and Darbar Mahal, as well as the ancient fort of Derawar in the Cholistan Desert. It is located near the historical and ancient cities of Uch and Harappa, which were once a stronghold of the Delhi Sultanate and the Indus Valley Civilization. The city is home to one of the natural safari parks in Pakistan, Lal Suhanra National Park.
According to the Abbassi historians, the city of Bahawalpur was founded in 1748 by Nawab Muhammad Bahawal Khan Abbasi I, who ruled the area until the state joined Pakistan in 1947. The state was spread over 451 kilometers and was ruled by Nawab Sadiq Muhammad Khan Abbasi V Bahadur who decided to join Pakistan at the time of independence in 1947.
Religion
[edit]The state was predominantly Muslim. According to the 1941 census, Muslims made up 81.9% of the state's population.
| Religious group |
1901[2] | 1911[3][4] | 1921[5] | 1931[6] | 1941[7] | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | |
Islam 
|
598,139 | 82.97% | 654,247 | 83.81% | 647,207 | 82.85% | 799,176 | 81.17% | 1,098,814 | 81.93% |
Hinduism  [a]
|
114,670 | 15.91% | 109,548 | 14.03% | 114,621 | 14.67% | 149,454 | 15.18% | 174,408 | 13% |
Sikhism 
|
7,985 | 1.11% | 16,630 | 2.13% | 19,071 | 2.44% | 34,896 | 3.54% | 46,945 | 3.5% |
Christianity 
|
83 | 0.01% | 199 | 0.03% | 283 | 0.04% | 1,054 | 0.11% | 3,048 | 0.23% |
Jainism 
|
0 | 0% | 15 | 0% | 1 | 0% | 12 | 0% | 351 | 0.03% |
Zoroastrianism 
|
0 | 0% | 2 | 0% | 8 | 0% | 20 | 0% | 0 | 0% |
Buddhism .svg){kind=small}
|
0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% |
Judaism 
|
0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% |
| Others | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 17,643 | 1.32% |
| Total population | 720,877 | 100% | 780,641 | 100% | 781,191 | 100% | 984,612 | 100% | 1,341,209 | 100% |
| Note: British Punjab province era district borders are not an exact match in the present-day due to various bifurcations to district borders — which since created new districts — throughout the historic Punjab Province region during the post-independence era that have taken into account population increases. | ||||||||||
Legacy
[edit]
The Nawabs gifted portions of their land in Lahore to Punjab University, while the mosque at Aitchison College was also gifted by the Nawab. The Bahawalpur Block of the King Edward Medical College was also donated by the Nawab.[8][need quotation to verify]
Rulers
[edit]
The rulers of Bahawalpur took the title of Amir until 1740, when the title changed to Nawab Amir. Although the title was abolished in 1955 by the Government of Pakistan, the current head of the House of Bahawalpur (Salah ud-Din Muhammad Khan) is referred to as the Amir. From 1942, the Nawabs were assisted by Prime Ministers.
20th century onwards, Sadeq Muhammad Khan V was the Nawab and later Emir of Bahawalpur State from 1907 to 1966. He became the Nawab on the death of his father, when he was only three years old. In 1955 he signed an agreement with the Governor-General of Pakistan, Malik Ghulam Muhammad, under which Bahawalpur became part of the province of West Pakistan, with effect from 14 October 1955, and the Ameer received a yearly privy purse of 32 lakhs of rupees, keeping his titles.[9] Other members of the present day form of the royal family include: HH Nawab Brig. Muhammad Abbas Khan Abbasi (Last Nawab of Bahawalpur, former Governor of Punjab); Nawab Salahuddin Ahmed Abbasi (Urdu: نواب صلاح الدین عباسی) who is a member of parliament in Pakistan.[10] He is also the grandson of Sadeq Mohammad Khan V, who was the last ruling Nawab of the Princely State Bahawalpur.[11][12] Prince Muhammad Bahawal (who studied at Aitchison College in Lahore, and graduated from King's College London with a degree in International Political Economy and joined PTI), Prince Falahuddin Abbasi (who died in London in April 2016 from cancer), Begum of Bahawalpur, Princess Aiysha Yasmien Abbasi and Princess Safia Nausheen Abbasi.[13][14][15]
| Nawab Amir of Bahawalpur | Tenure |
|---|---|
| Muhammad Bahadur Khan | 1689 – 1702 |
| Muhammad Mubarak Khan I | 1702 – 1723 |
| Sadeq Muhammad Khan I | 1723 – 1743 |
| After Formation of Princely State | |
| Muhammad Bahawal Khan I | 1743 – 1749 |
| Muhammad Mubarak Khan II | 1749 – 1772 |
| Muhammad Bahawal Khan II | 1772 – 1809 |
| Sadeq Muhammad Khan II | 1809 – 1827 |
| Muhammad Bahawal Khan III | 1827 – 1852 |
| Sadeq Muhammad Khan III | 1852 – 1853 |
| Haji Fath Muhammad Khan | 1853 – 1858 |
| Rahim Yaar Khan Abbasi | 1858 – 1866 |
| Sadeq Mohammad Khan IV | 1866 – 1899 |
| Mohammad Bahawal Khan V | 1899 – 1907 |
| Sadeq Mohammad Khan V | 1907 – 1955 |
| State Abolished | |
| Sadeq Mohammad Khan V | 1955 – 1965 |
| Abbas Khan Abbasi | 1965 – 1988 |
| Salahuddin Ahmed Abbasi | 1988 – present |
| Tenure | Prime Minister of Bahawalpur[16] |
|---|---|
| 1942 – 1947 | Richard Marsh Crofton |
| 1948 – 1952 | John Dring |
| 1952 – 14 October 1955 | A.R. Khan |
| 14 October 1955 | State of Bahawalpur abolished |
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ a b "History of Bahawalpur State and its Culture" (PDF). Pakistan Journal of Social Sciences (PJSS).
- ^ "Census of India 1901. [Vol. 17A]. Imperial tables, I-VIII, X-XV, XVII and XVIII for the Punjab, with the native states under the political control of the Punjab Government, and for the North-west Frontier Province". 1901. p. 34. JSTOR saoa.crl.25363739. Retrieved 30 March 2024.
- ^ "Census of India 1911. Vol. 14, Punjab. Pt. 2, Tables". 1911. p. 27. JSTOR saoa.crl.25393788. Retrieved 30 March 2024.
- ^ Kaul, Harikishan (1911). "Census Of India 1911 Punjab Vol XIV Part II". p. 27. Retrieved 30 March 2024.
- ^ "Census of India 1921. Vol. 15, Punjab and Delhi. Pt. 2, Tables". 1921. p. 29. JSTOR saoa.crl.25430165. Retrieved 30 March 2024.
- ^ "Census of India 1931. Vol. 17, Punjab. Pt. 2, Tables". 1931. p. 277. JSTOR saoa.crl.25793242. Retrieved 30 March 2024.
- ^ India Census Commissioner (1941). "Census of India, 1941. Vol. 6, Punjab". p. 42. JSTOR saoa.crl.28215541. Retrieved 30 March 2024.
- ^ Burma, D. P.; Chakravorty, Maharani (2011). From Physiology and Chemistry to Biochemistry. Pearson Education India. p. 159. ISBN 978-81-317-3220-5.
- ^ "The Role of Islam in the Legal System of Pakistan from 1947 to 1977", The Role of Islam in the Legal System of Pakistan, Brill, 2005, pp. 5–30, doi:10.1163/ej.9789004149274.i-250.5, ISBN 9789004149274
- ^ "Bahawalpur, Hh Muhammad Bahawal Khan Abbasi, Nawab of, (23 Oct. 1883–1907)", Who Was Who, Oxford University Press, 1 December 2007, doi:10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.u183391
- ^ Hawkins, Cynthia; Croul, Sidney (3 October 2011). "Viruses and human brain tumors: cytomegalovirus enters the fray". Journal of Clinical Investigation. 121 (10): 3831–3833. doi:10.1172/jci60005. ISSN 0021-9738. PMC 3195487. PMID 21968105.
- ^ McKeith, Eimear (2008). "Defining Space, Eimear McKeith, Original Print Gallery, Dublin, February – March 2008". Circa (124): 73–75. doi:10.2307/25564927. ISSN 0263-9475. JSTOR 25564927.
- ^ "Prince Bahawal Abbas Khan Abbasi joins PTI". pakistantoday.com.pk. 24 May 2018. Retrieved 8 November 2018.
- ^ "Prince Bahawal graduates from King's College". The Nation. 16 August 2016. Retrieved 8 November 2018.
- ^ Correspondent, A (10 April 2016). "Falahuddin Abbasi dies". Dawn. Pakistan. Retrieved 8 November 2018.
{{cite news}}:|last=has generic name (help) - ^ "UK National Archives". discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk. Retrieved 25 September 2022.
- ^ 1931-1941: Including Ad-Dharmis
Further reading
[edit]- Nazeer 'Ali Shah, The History of the Bahawalpur State. Lahore: Maktaba Jadeed, 1959.
External links
[edit]
Media related to Bahawalpur (princely state) at Wikimedia Commons- Nawabs of Bahawalpur
- Bahawalpur Information
- TMA Bahawalpur City website
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