Egyptian national anthem
 | This article's factual accuracy is disputed. (January 2025) |
| English: "My homeland, my homeland, my homeland" | |
|---|---|
| Arabic: بلادي، بلادي، بلادي | |
.svg) | |
National anthem of Egypt | |
| Lyrics | Mohamed Yunis El Qadi, 1878 |
| Music | Sayed Darwish, 1923 |
| Adopted | 1923 1952 (unofficial) 1979 (official) |
| Preceded by | Wallāh Zamān Yā Silāḥī |
| Audio sample | |
U.S. Navy Band instrumental version (chorus and one verse) | |
Bilady, Bilady, Bilady is the current Egyptian national anthem. It was written by Mohamed Younis El-Qadi and composed by Sayed Darwish. It is derived from the words of Mustafa Kamel in one of his most famous speeches in 1907, in which he said: "My Country, my Country, for you is my love and my heart. for you is my life and my existence, for you is my blood, for you is my mind and my tongue, for you is my heart and my soul, for you are life.. and there is no life except with you, O Egypt." It was officially adopted in 1979, and was redistributed by the Egyptian musician Mohamed Abdel Wahab at the direction of the President Anwar El-Sadat.[1][2]
History
[edit]Salam Affandina (1871–1923)
[edit]Egypt had its first the national anthem during the reign of Khedive Ismail. It was known as the "Khedive's Special Salute". It was instrumental and had no official lyrics. The national anthem of Egypt was played at the opening of the Suez Canal during Khedive Ismail's reception of the kings of the world.[3] It was adopted as the first national anthem after this visit in 1871. Multiple origins of the melody had been proposed (including Giuseppe Verdi, the author of opera "Aida",[3] and Turkish or Egyptian composers), but the most likely author is Giuiseppe Pugioli,[4] an Italian cornetist, who visited Egypt to perform the Verdi's opera and remained in Egypt. The musical score of the anthem is near-identical to Pugioli's work "l'Affendina".[5] While used internationally, the melody without words did not become popular inside Egypt, and multiple attempts were made to rectify the situation, triggered by the 1919 Egyptian revolution. Ahmad Shawqi won a competition held in 1920 to produce lyrics for the anthem, yet his entry failed to gain traction with the bureaucracy.[6]
Eslami ya Misr (1923-1936)
[edit]The anthem "Eslami ya Misr", written by Mustafa Sadiq Al-Rafei and composed by Safar Ali, became the national anthem from 1923 to 1936. The anthem is currently used as the anthem of the Police College in Egypt.[3][verification needed]
Salam Affandina: Egyptian Royal Anthem (1936–1953)
[edit]King Farouk restored the Egyptian royal anthem composed by the Italian composer Verdi[verification needed] when he ascended the throne in 1936 and continued until 1953.
Salam Affandina: Egyptian Republican Anthem (1953–1958)
[edit]With the end of the monarchy in 1953 and the outbreak of the Free Officers Revolution, the anthem was not changed. But its name changed to be called the Egyptian Republican anthem instead of the Egyptian Royal anthem because of the abolition of the monarchy.
Walla Zaman Ya Selahy (1958–1979)
[edit]In 1960, Republican Decree No. 143 was issued to adopt a new national anthem, which was based on Kamal El-Tawil's melody for the anthem "Wallah Zaman Ya Silahi" with lyrics by Salah Jahin for Umm Kulthum. This anthem gained great popularity in 1956 during the Tripartite Aggression on Egypt. There were no lyrics accompanying the melody, which is why it was referred to as the "Al-Salam" (Salute) rather than "Al-Nasheed" (Anthem).
During the period in which the tune "Wallah Zaman Ya Selahy" was used as the national anthem of Egypt, two amendments were made to it: the first by Republican Decree No. 1854 of 1974, which limited the playing of the first part of it only, and the second by Republican Decree No. 1158 of 1975, which returned to playing the entire national anthem as it had been since 1960.
"Wallah Zaman Ya Selahy" remained the national anthem until 1979. It was also used as a national anthem by Iraq from 1963 to 1981, which aspired to form a unified Arab state from Egypt and Iraq, and it was also used as the anthem of the United Arab Republic between 1958 and 1960.[7]
Bilady, Bilady, Bilady (1979–present)
[edit]In 1979, Republican Decree No. 149 was issued amending the national anthem of the Arab Republic of Egypt to the anthem "Bilady, Bilady, Bilady" written by Sheikh Younis Al-Qadi (influenced by the words of Mustafa Kamel), composed by Sayed Darwish, and redistributed by the Egyptian musician Mohamed Abdel Wahab. Then, in December 1982, Republican Decree No. 590 was issued, which stipulated in its first article that:
It is to be observed that the lyrics of the first verse of the anthem 'Biladi Biladi' are to accompany the musical score in all popular and national celebrations. The instrumental national anthem is to be limited to playing the musical score without lyrics when welcoming presidents and foreign delegations, as well as in other instances requiring its performance alongside the instrumental anthem of a foreign country[8][9]
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ الأهرام - 3 سلامات لمصر تأملات في السلام الجمهوري Archived 12 March 2014 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ كنانة أون لاين - قصة النشيد الوطني المصري ( بلادي_ بلادي) Archived 27 August 2017 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ a b c "اخبار متنوعة". Government of Cairo. 2023-01-14. Archived from the original on 17 March 2023.
- ^ Podeh 2022, p. 1383.
- ^ Adal 2019, pp. 106–107.
- ^ Adal 2019, p. 111.
- ^ "أناشيد وطنية عربية تعددت جنسيات صناعها" [Arab national anthems composed by different nationalities] (in Arabic). BBC Arabic. 14 February 2018.
- ^ الهيئة العامة للاستعلامات - النشيد الوطني المصري Archived 1 March 2018 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ الهيئة العامة للاستعلامات - النشيد الوطني Archived 28 February 2018 at the Wayback Machine
Sources
[edit]- Adal, R. (2019). Beauty in the Age of Empire: Japan, Egypt, and the Global History of Aesthetic Education. Columbia Studies in International and Global History. Columbia University Press. ISBN 978-0-231-54928-8. Retrieved 2025-01-01.
- Podeh, Elie (2022). "Anthems in the Arab world: A hybrid national symbol" (PDF). Nations and Nationalism. 28 (4): 1379–1394. doi:10.1111/nana.12803. ISSN 1354-5078.