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List of presidents of Egypt

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Current Presidential Standard of Egypt (left, 1984–present) and former Presidential Standard (right, 1972–1984)

The office of President of Egypt was established in 1953. The president is the head of state of Egypt and the Supreme Commander of the Egyptian Armed Forces. The current president is Abdel Fattah el-Sisi, who has effectively controlled the country since the 2013 coup d'état, and was officially elected president in 2014.

Background

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The first president of Egypt was Mohamed Naguib, one of the leaders of the Free Officers Movement who led the Egyptian Revolution of 1952, and who took office on 18 June 1953, the day on which Egypt was declared a republic. Since then the office has been held by five further people: Gamal Abdel Nasser, Anwar Sadat, Hosni Mubarak, Mohamed Morsi and Abdel Fattah el-Sisi. In addition, Sufi Abu Taleb acted as president between Sadat's assassination and the Mubarak's election as his successor, and Adly Mansour acted as president after Morsi's overthrow in the 2013 coup d'état.

Following Hosni Mubarak's resignation on 11 February 2011[1] in the Egyptian Revolution of 2011, the office was vacant, with the functions of head of state and head of government being discharged by the chairman of the Supreme Council of the Armed Forces, Field Marshal Muhammad Hussein Tantawy.[2]

Mohamed Morsi took office on 30 June 2012, after being elected by the presidential election held on 23–24 May and 16–17 June 2012.[3] He was deposed by the Egyptian Armed Forces in a coup d'état on 3 July 2013, following massive protests calling for his resignation.[4] He was succeeded by Adly Mansour, the head of the Supreme Constitutional Court of Egypt, as Acting President. Mansour was sworn into office in front of the Supreme Constitutional Court on 4 July 2013.[5]

Current President el-Sisi took office on 8 June 2014, after being elected by the presidential election held on 26–28 May 2014.[6] He was re-elected twice (by the presidential election held on 26–28 March 2018[7] and by the presidential election held on 10–12 December 2023[8]).

List of officeholders

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Political parties and other affiliations
  Liberation Rally (LR)
  Military
  National Union (NU)
  Arab Socialist Union (ASU)
  National Democratic Party (NDP)
  Freedom and Justice Party (FJP)
  Independent
Status
  Denotes acting or interm president
Symbols

P Presidential referendum

† Died in office

No. Portrait Name
(Birth–Death) 		Elected Term of office Political party
Took office Left office Time in office
Republic of Egypt
(18 June 1953 – 22 February 1958)
1 Mohamed Naguib
(1901–1984) 		— 18 June 1953 14 November 1954
(Resigned) 		1 year, 149 days Military / LR
— Gamal Abdel Nasser
(1918–1970)
Chairman of RCC from 1954 to 1956 		— 14 November 1954 23 June 1956 1 year, 222 days Military
2 1956[P] 23 June 1956 22 February 1958 1 year, 244 days LR
(until 1957)
— NU
United Arab Republic
(22 February 1958 – 2 September 1971)
(2) Gamal Abdel Nasser
(1918–1970) 		1958[P]
1965[P] 		22 February 1958 28 September 1970[†] 12 years, 218 days NU
(until 1962)
ASU
3 Anwar Sadat
(1918–1981) 		— 28 September 1970 15 October 1970 17 days ASU
1970[P] 15 October 1970 2 September 1971 322 days
Arab Republic of Egypt
(2 September 1971 – present)
(3) Anwar Sadat
(1918–1981) 		1976[P] 2 September 1971 6 October 1981
(Assassinated) 		11 years, 8 days ASU
(until 1978)
NDP
— Sufi Abu Taleb
(1925–2008)
Acting president 		— 6 October 1981 14 October 1981 8 days NDP
4 Hosni Mubarak
(1928–2020) 		1981[P]
1987[P]
1993[P]
1999[P]
2005 		14 October 1981 11 February 2011
(Resigned) 		29 years, 120 days NDP
— Muhammad Hussein Tantawy
(1935–2021)
Chairman of SCAF
 — 11 February 2011 30 June 2012 1 year, 140 days Military
5 Mohamed Morsi
(1951–2019) 		2012 30 June 2012 3 July 2013
(Deposed in a coup) 		1 year, 3 days FJP
— Adly Mansour
(born 1945)
Interim president 		— 4 July 2013 8 June 2014 339 days Independent
6 Abdel Fattah el-Sisi
(born 1954) 		2014
2018
2023 		8 June 2014 Incumbent 10 years, 170 days Independent

Timeline

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Abdel Fattah el-SisiAdly MansourMohamed MorsiMuhammad TantawiHosni MubarakSufi Abu TalebAnwar SadatGamal Abdel NasserMohamed Naguib

See also

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References

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Citations

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  1. ^ McGreal, Chris; Shenker, Jack (11 February 2011). "Hosni Mubarak resigns – and Egypt celebrates a new dawn". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 26 February 2020.
  2. ^ Egypt Trades Torture Supervisor for 'Mubarak's Poodle'? ABC News, 11 February 2011
  3. ^ "Muslim Brotherhood candidate Morsi wins Egyptian presidential election". Fox News.com. Archived from the original on 24 June 2012. Retrieved 24 June 2012.
  4. ^ Coup topples Egypt's Morsy; supporters reportedly rounded up - CNN.com. Edition.cnn.com. Retrieved on 14 August 2013.
  5. ^ "Adly Mansour Sworn in As Egypt's Interim President". HuffPost. Associated Press. 4 July 2013. Retrieved 4 July 2013.
  6. ^ "El-Sisi wins Egypt's presidential race with 96.91%". English.Ahram.org. Ahram Online. Retrieved 3 June 2014.
  7. ^ "Abdel-Fattah al-Sisi wins a second term in Egypt". The Economist. 30 March 2018.
  8. ^ "El-Sissi wins Egypt's presidential election with 89.6% of the vote and secures third term in office". CTV News. 18 December 2023. Retrieved 18 December 2023.

Sources

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  • El-Gawady, Mohamed (1986). Cabinets during period of Revolution.
  • Hafez, Salah (2001). Democracy Shock.
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