From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Kannada cinema is a part of Indian cinema based in Gandhi Nagar, Bangalore . The films are made primarily in Kannada -language. The 1965 film Satya Harishchandra ₹ 1 crore.[citation needed The 1995 film Om ₹ 10 crores.[citation needed Mungaru Male ₹ 50 crores.[ 1] Raajakumara [ 2]
KGF: Chapter 1 [ 3] [ 4] KGF: Chapter 2 [ 5] [ 6] [ 7] [ 8] box office estimates as reported by organisations classified as green by Wikipedia.[ a]
Background shading indicates that a film, or at least one from a series, is currently showing in theatres worldwide.
Highest-grossing films [ edit ] Highest-grossing films by opening week [ edit ] Highest-grossing films by month [ edit ] Highest-grossing milestone films [ edit ] The films with a minimum worldwide gross of ₹10 crore are only considered.
High-grossing films by year [ edit ] Highest-grossing franchises [ edit ]
Highest-grossing franchises
Rank
Franchise
Worldwide gross[ h]
No. of films
Average gross
Highest grosser
^ See WP:RSP , WP:ICTFSOURCES
^ a b Sorted based on the lowest value when figures are presented as a range, and for the same value, the older item is given a higher order.
^ a b c d e KGF: Chapter 2 's reported worldwide grosses vary between ₹1,187 crore (Pinkvilla [ 8] Indulge Express [ 9] News18 India [ 10] India Today [ 11] News 18 [ 12] ^ a b Kantara 's reported worldwide grosses vary between ₹400 crore (Deccan Herald [ 13] India Today [ 14] Firstpost ,[ 15] DNA [ 16] News 18 [ 17] The Economic Times [ 18] The Indian Express [ 19] Hindustan Times [ 20] Outlook [ 21] The New Indian Express [ 22] ^ a b Vikrant Rona 's reported worldwide grosses vary between ₹159 crore (Hindustan Times [ 24] DNA [ 25] India Today [ 26] Zee News [ 27] Telegraph [ 28] ^ The Hindu [ 30] Zee Media Corporation [ 31] [ 32] [ 33] [ 34] HT Media [ 35] ^ Robert's initially reported worldwide gross was ₹102 crore.[ 38] [ 39] [ 40] [unreliable source?
^ The franchise gross is calculated using the lowest reported gross for each film in the franchise.
^ a b c d Khajane, Muralidhara (24 November 2014). "Stage set for Mungaru Male sequel" . The Hindu . Archived from the original on 18 November 2023. Retrieved 17 November 2024 . ^ a b c d V, Vivek M (29 October 2021). "Puneeth Rajkumar, the multi-talented star" . Deccan Herald . Retrieved 17 November 2024 . ^ "KGF box office collection Day 7: Yash-starrer inches towards Rs 150-crore mark" . India Today . 28 December 2018. Archived from the original on 7 February 2019. Retrieved 27 February 2022 .^ "Yash's KGF Enters Rs 200 Crore Club, First Kannada Film to Do So" . News18 . 8 January 2019. Archived from the original on 7 August 2020. Retrieved 27 February 2022 .^ "KGF – Chapter 2 Box Office: Yash starrer becomes the 4th film to enter the Rs. 1000 crore club" . Bollywood Hungama . 29 April 2022. Archived from the original on 4 May 2022. Retrieved 6 May 2022 .^ "KGF – Chapter 2 Box Office: Yash starrer ranks no. 2 at the global box office; collects 72.38 million USD [Rs. 552.85 cr.] in 4 Days :Bollywood Box Office" . Bollywood Hungama . 18 April 2022. Archived from the original on 18 April 2022. Retrieved 10 May 2022 .^ "KGF Chapter 2 box office collection: Yash starrer zooms past Rs 1000 crore mark" . DNA India . Archived from the original on 30 April 2022. Retrieved 10 May 2022 .^ a b Singh, Jatinder (6 March 2023). "RRR overtakes KGF Chapter 2, Pathaan headed towards 1050 crores" . PINKVILLA . Archived from the original on 20 March 2023. Retrieved 8 September 2024 . ^ "KGF: Chapter 2 completes 100 days in theatres, makers say it is 'just the beginning' . The Indulge Express Archived from the original on 15 October 2022. Retrieved 22 August 2022 .^ "From KGF: Chapter 2 To RRR: A Look At The Highest Grossing Movies" . News 18 Archived from the original on 20 August 2022. Retrieved 20 August 2022 .^ " . India Today Archived from the original on 21 August 2022. Retrieved 21 August 2022 .^ "From Kantara to Ponniyin Selvan-1, Know the Highest Grossing Movies in 2022" . 12 November 2022. Archived from the original on 11 November 2022. Retrieved 12 November 2022 .^ "Kantara Chapter 1 to release on October 2" . Deccan Herald . 17 November 2024. Retrieved 19 November 2024 .^ "Rishab Shetty's Kantara remains unstoppable, grosses Rs 400 crore worldwide" . India Today . 22 November 2022. Archived from the original on 25 December 2022. Retrieved 26 January 2023 .^ "Rishab Shetty's Kantara is unbeatable: Worldwide collection at the box office crosses the monumental mark of 400 Crores" . Firstpost . 22 November 2022. Archived from the original on 20 December 2022. Retrieved 26 January 2023 .^ "Kantara box office collection: Rishab Shetty starrer is sixth Indian film in 2022 to earn over Rs 400 crore worldwide" . DNA India Archived from the original on 4 December 2022. Retrieved 29 November 2022 .^ "Varun Tej Reacts to Rishab Shetty's Kantara Success, Says 'It Doesn't Matter Who the Actors Are...' . 20 January 2023. Archived from the original on 26 January 2023. Retrieved 26 January 2023 .^ " . The Economic Times . 20 January 2023. Archived from the original on 26 January 2023. Retrieved 26 January 2023 .^ "Rishab Shetty begins scripting Kantara prequel for June start date, as Hombale Films pledges Rs 3000 crore spend over next five years" . 21 January 2023. Archived from the original on 26 January 2023. Retrieved 26 January 2023 .^ Kumar, Nelki Naresh. "Rishab Shetty Remuneration for Kantara: కాంతార సినిమాకు రిషబ్శెట్టి తీసుకున్న రెమ్యునరేషన్ ఎంతో తెలుసా" . Hindustantimes Telugu . Archived from the original on 25 December 2022. Retrieved 25 December 2022 . ^ "Hrithik Roshan Praises Rishab Shetty As He Reviews 'Kantara': Top Notch Storytelling, Direction And Acting" . 12 December 2022. Archived from the original on 2 April 2023. Retrieved 26 April 2023 .^ "Magical year for Kannada cinema: The rise and rise of Sandalwood - the New Indian Express" . 6 December 2022. Archived from the original on 7 January 2023. Retrieved 7 January 2023 .^ a b c d e "Yash reveals he has approached Sanjay Dutt for KGF Chapter 2" . India Today . 9 February 2019. Archived from the original on 13 May 2024. Retrieved 28 August 2024 .^ "Kantara box office: Rishab Shetty's film is 6th biggest Kannada movie ever. See who else is on the list" . Hindustan Times Archived from the original on 15 October 2022. Retrieved 15 October 2022 .^ "Vikrant Rona OTT release: When, where to watch Kiccha Sudeep starrer adventure thriller" . Archived from the original on 18 July 2023. Retrieved 21 March 2023 .^ "Vikrant Rona box office collection Day 14: Kichcha Sudeep's film rakes in Rs 200 crore worldwide" . 11 August 2022. Archived from the original on 18 July 2023. Retrieved 28 January 2024 .^ "Vikrant Rona Box Office Collection (Worldwide): Hits the Double Century to Emerge a Big Success for Kichcha Sudeep | ಬಾಕ್ಸ್ ಆಫಿಸ್ನಲ್ಲಿ 'ವಿಕ್ರಾಂತ್ ರೋಣ' ಹೊಸ ಹಿಸ್ಟರಿ..!News in Kannada" . Archived from the original on 27 August 2022. Retrieved 6 September 2022 .^ "8 films that made over Rs. 200 crore in 2022" . Archived from the original on 3 January 2024. Retrieved 28 August 2024 .^ a b c d "Kantara box office: Rishab Shetty's film is 6th biggest Kannada movie ever. See who else is on the list" . Hindustan Times . 15 October 2022. Archived from the original on 15 October 2022. Retrieved 15 October 2022 .^ https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/tharun-sudhir-interview-on-the-success-of-kaatera-and-striking-a-hit-combination-with-darshan/article67744536.ece ^ https://www.zee5.com/global/blog/join-the-fight-for-justice-kaateras-riveting-tale-comes-alive-on-zee5/ ^ "Darshan's 'Kaatera' gets digital release date" . The New Indian Express . 5 February 2024. Retrieved 18 November 2024 .^ Features, CE (5 February 2024). "Darshan's Kaatera gets digital release date" . Cinema Express . Retrieved 18 November 2024 . ^ Entertainment Bureau (24 January 2024). "This Kaatera Soundtrack Has Inspired More Than 1 Lakh Reels; Have You Made One Yet?" . News18 . Retrieved 18 November 2024 . ^ "Team Kaatera releases Rs 200 crore box office poster; but does the math add up?" . Archived from the original on 21 January 2024. Retrieved 21 January 2024 .^ Pawar, Yogesh (22 April 2012). "Ganesh Bal: The outsider on the inside" . DNA India . Retrieved 18 November 2024 . ^ a b c "Will Shiva Rajkumar's 'The Villain' reach the magic Rs 100 crore mark?" . The News Minute . 26 October 2018. Retrieved 3 April 2021 .^ "Year Ender 2021: Highest-grossing Kannada Movies of the Year" . News18 . 29 December 2021. Archived from the original on 30 January 2022. Retrieved 23 August 2022 .^ "Actor Darshan criticizes 'Roberrt' producer for allegedly stealing the title 'Kaatera' . Pinkvilla . 21 February 2024. Archived from the original on 21 February 2024. Retrieved 18 November 2024 .^ ಎನ್, ಹರ್ಷಿತಾ (21 February 2024). "Roberrt Collection,'ರಾಬರ್ಟ್' ಚಿತ್ರ OTTಗೆ ಬೇಡ ಅಂತ ದರ್ಶನ್ ಹಠ! ಥಿಯೇಟರ್ ರಿಲೀಸ್ ಮಾಡಿ ಬಿಸಿನೆಸ್ ಕಡಿಮೆ ಆಯ್ತು ಎಂದ ಉಮಾಪತಿ!" . Vijay Karnataka (in Kannada). Retrieved 18 November 2024 . ^ "KGF Chapter 2 box office week 1: Yash's film zooms past ₹700-crore mark, registers second-best opening week ever" . Hindustan Times . 21 April 2022. Archived from the original on 21 April 2022. Retrieved 7 May 2022 .^ "Vikrant Rona box office collection Day 8: Kichcha Sudeep's film earns Rs 150 crore globally" . 5 August 2022. Archived from the original on 12 August 2022. Retrieved 20 August 2022 .^ "James box office collection Day 7: Puneeth Rajkumar film earns Rs 127 crore" . India Today . 24 March 2022. Archived from the original on 12 May 2022. Retrieved 7 May 2022 .^ "Yash starrer inches towards ₹150 crore mark" . India Today . 28 December 2018. Archived from the original on 7 February 2019. Retrieved 1 February 2023 .^ a b "Kaatera Day 7 Collections: Darshan Movie Rakes in 100 Crores in First Week" . Deccan Chronicle . 5 January 2024. Archived from the original on 25 August 2024. Retrieved 28 August 2024 .^ " . Vijay Karnataka (in Kannada). Archived from the original on 19 March 2021. Retrieved 7 May 2022 .^ "Kantara Box Office Collection– News 18" . 8 October 2022. Archived from the original on 8 October 2022. Retrieved 8 October 2022 .^ "Avane Srimannarayana Box Office Collection: The Rakshit Shetty starrer joins the 50 crore club | PINKVILLA" . www.pinkvilla.com . 3 January 2020. Archived from the original on 13 June 2020. Retrieved 18 June 2022 .^ "777 Charlie box office collection" . 17 June 2022. Archived from the original on 7 October 2022. Retrieved 7 October 2022 .^ Hungama, Bollywood (31 January 2024). "After a record 2022, Kannada cinema saw a STEEP decline in box office numbers in 2023; not a SINGLE film crossed even the Rs. 70 cr. mark; footfalls down from 8.1 cr. to 3.2 cr. :Bollywood Box Office - Bollywood Hungama" . Bollywood Hungama Archived from the original on 22 March 2024. Retrieved 26 March 2024 . ^ a b "Year Ender 2021: Highest-grossing Kannada Movies of the Year" . News18 . 29 December 2021. Archived from the original on 30 January 2022. Retrieved 15 February 2022 .^ "10 Years for Kichcha Sudeep and Crazy Star V Ravichandran Starrer Blockbuster Kannada Film Maanikya" . May 2024.^ our online archive (14 August 2019). " . The New Indian Express . Retrieved 18 November 2024 . ^ " .^ "Box Office: Yash starrer KGF Chapter 2 exceeds 5 crores footfalls in India" . PINKVILLA . 10 May 2022. Archived from the original on 29 November 2022. Retrieved 29 November 2022 .^ "Rishab Shetty's Kantara achieves yet another milestone, sells 1 crore tickets in Karnataka" . 10 November 2022. Archived from the original on 10 November 2022. Retrieved 10 November 2022 .^ "Kantara completes 25 days, amasses 77 lakh footfalls in Karnataka" . Cinema Express Archived from the original on 26 October 2022. Retrieved 26 October 2022 .^ a b c d e f g "Gandhinagar Gossip" . The Hindu . 21 July 2006. ISSN 0971-751X . Archived from the original on 3 February 2022. Retrieved 2 February 2022 .^ Angadi, Jagadish (17 August 2021). "Rajendra Singh Babu: I gave Kannada many firsts" . Deccan Herald . Archived from the original on 6 June 2024. Retrieved 19 October 2024 . ^ "Sepia stories at 60" . The Hindu . 15 March 2007. Retrieved 6 February 2015 .^ "Mangalyam (1954)" . The Hindu . June 2013. Archived from the original on 25 November 2022. Retrieved 10 February 2024 .^ K. Moti Gokulsing; Wimal Dissanayake (17 April 2013). Routledge Handbook of Indian Cinemas ISBN 978-1-136-77284-9 ^ a b c "Music collection from Panthulu films to be released today" . The Hindu . 4 August 2011. Archived from the original on 23 February 2024. Retrieved 11 February 2024 .^ "Kannada films for all time" . Deccan Herald Archived from the original on 7 September 2022. Retrieved 7 September 2022 .^ "Contributions of Kannada Cinema to Historical Dramas | Prekshaa" . www.prekshaa.in . Archived from the original on 12 October 2022. Retrieved 11 February 2024 .^ "Veteran Kannada filmmaker and actor C.V. Shivashankar passes away" . The Hindu . 27 June 2023. ISSN 0971-751X . Archived from the original on 23 February 2024. Retrieved 11 February 2024 .^ Bharadwaj, K. V. Aditya (26 July 2021). "Veteran multilingual actor Jayanthi passes away at 76" . The Hindu . ISSN 0971-751X . Archived from the original on 7 January 2023. Retrieved 11 February 2024 . ^ Ashish Rajadhyaksha; Paul Willemen (10 July 2014). Encyclopedia of Indian Cinema ISBN 978-1-135-94325-7 Archived from the original on 19 July 2023. Retrieved 3 November 2016 . ^ V,DHNS, Vivek M. (17 August 2021). "KCN Chandru pulled off big feats in Kannada films" . Deccan Herald . Archived from the original on 31 January 2024. Retrieved 11 February 2024 . ^ M, Shashiprasad S. (17 April 2023). "Popular characters that inspired superhit film series in Kannada" . The South First . Archived from the original on 5 February 2024. Retrieved 11 February 2024 . ^ "Rajkumar death anniversary: When 'Annavru' floored Chiranjeevi with his humility" . Deccan Herald . 12 April 2021. Archived from the original on 7 February 2024. Retrieved 11 February 2024 .^ "ಬಿಡುಗಡೆಗೆ ಮೊದಲೇ ಮಾರಾಟವಾದ ಕನ್ನಡದ ಮೊಟ್ಟಮೊದಲ ಸಿನಿಮಾ ಮೇಯರ್ ಮುತ್ತಣ್ಣ |Dwarakish Interview| Mayor Muthanna" . 7 September 2022 – via YouTube .^ " Kasturi Nivasa 1971" . The Hindu . 11 July 2008. ISSN 0971-751X . Archived from the original on 3 June 2023. Retrieved 11 February 2024 .^ " Bangarada Manushya 1972" . The Hindu . 22 August 2008. ISSN 0971-751X . Archived from the original on 3 June 2023. Retrieved 11 February 2024 .^ M, Shashiprasad S. (23 September 2023). "50 years of 'Gandhada Gudi', a cult classic Kannada hit" . The South First . Archived from the original on 10 December 2023. Retrieved 11 February 2024 . ^ Khajane, Muralidhara (11 December 2014). "Rajkumar classics: last resort to pull audience to the theatre" . The Hindu . ISSN 0971-751X . Archived from the original on 22 February 2022. Retrieved 22 February 2022 . ^ "When his divine sanadi came our way" . The Hindu the original on 1 September 2003. Retrieved 8 April 2014 .^ "ಪರಭಾಷೆಗೆ ರಿಮೇಕ್ ಆದ ಡಾ. ರಾಜ್ಕುಮಾರ್ ನಟನೆಯ ಟಾಪ್ 5 ಸಿನಿಮಾಗಳು" . Vijaya Karnataka (in Kannada). Retrieved 16 February 2022 .^ Sharadhaa, A. (5 June 2013). "When autokaarans grab all the limelight" . The New Indian Express . Archived from the original on 14 March 2022. Retrieved 11 February 2024 . ^ "Actor Ambareesh's 1981 Kannada Film Antha to Re-Release on May 26" . 13 May 2023. Archived from the original on 24 May 2023. Retrieved 11 February 2024 .^ chitratara (7 April 2007). "Raja of Chalanachitra" . Archived from the original on 17 July 2007. ^ "ನಾನೇ ಎಲ್ಲಾ, ನನ್ನಿಂದಾನೆ ಎಲ್ಲಾ ಅನ್ನೋದು ರವಿಚಂದ್ರನ್ ಸೋಲಿಗೆ ಕಾರಣ!'-Director Renuka Sharma-Kalamadhyama" . 14 September 2023 – via YouTube .^ Service, Express News (3 September 2021). "I will be directing my son Aditya in Bandhana sequel, says Rajendra Singh Babu" . The New Indian Express . Archived from the original on 22 September 2023. Retrieved 11 February 2024 . ^ "dwarakish: Being Dwarakish - Bangalore Mirror" . The Times of India . Retrieved 11 February 2024 .^ "Not Rajinikanth or Amitabh Bachchan, Rajkumar's film was first to be remade in 6 languages in India" . Archived from the original on 22 April 2023. Retrieved 11 February 2024 .^ V,DHNS, Vivek M. (29 May 2021). "Ravichandran: Big dreamer who sometimes lost his way" . Deccan Herald . Retrieved 11 February 2024 . ^ Patowari, Farzana (6 April 2023). "From Stage to Screen: The Best Film & Show Adaptations of Shakespeare's Plays" . Man's World India . Archived from the original on 22 April 2023. Retrieved 11 February 2024 . ^ "Kannada action movie star Malashree: 'I'd tell myself before a shoot that I'm not a girl, I'm a man' . 18 November 2017. Archived from the original on 17 October 2022. Retrieved 11 February 2024 .^ M, Susheel Sandeep (31 May 2022). "An ode to Ravichandran as he turns 61" . Deccan Herald . Retrieved 11 February 2024 . ^ "Rediff On The Net, Movies:Rajkumar, the Kannada matinee idol, wins the Dadasaheb Phalke prize" . Rediff.com . Archived from the original on 15 February 2022. Retrieved 16 February 2022 .^ "A Legend for All Seasons" . 12 November 2014.^ " .^ Vaashi, Kairam (2 February 2023). "As Long As There Is A Demand For Me, I Want To Keep Doing Films: Shivarajkumar" . filmcompanion.in . Archived from the original on 22 February 2024. Retrieved 11 February 2024 . ^ Rajitha (11 September 1997). "Rediff On The Net, Movies: Love, murder, guilt, revenge" . Rediff . Archived from the original on 3 June 2010. Retrieved 16 March 2022 . ^ "Happy Birthday Upendra Rao: Super to Raktha Kanneeru, 5 Best Works of the Star" . News18 . 18 September 2020. Retrieved 9 June 2022 .^ "Year 2004 — a flashback - CHEN - The Hindu" . archive.ph . 27 May 2021. Archived from the original on 17 March 2020. Retrieved 15 February 2022 .^ "Bangalore Box-Office" . Sify the original on 7 October 2016. Retrieved 11 February 2022 .^ a b "2008- Top 5 films at the box-office" . Sify the original on 17 June 2018. Retrieved 12 February 2022 .^ https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/2009/Oct/09/50-victorious-days-for-raaj%E2%80%93-the-showman-91304.html ^ https://www.zoomtventertainment.com/kannada-cinema/article/puneeth-rajkumar-s-jackie-shares-bts-video-as-jackie-completes-10-years-calls-it-unforgettable-experience/667137 ^ https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/puneeth-rajkumars-blockbuster-film-jackie-set-for-re-release/article67891832.ece ^ a b "Top earning Kannada movies of 2011" . Bangalore Mirror . 29 December 2011. Archived from the original on 19 February 2022. Retrieved 19 February 2022 .^ Srinivasa, Srikanth (17 January 2013). "The Top Kannada grossers of 2012" . Rediff . Archived from the original on 3 June 2022. Retrieved 1 June 2022 . ^ "Sandalwood Report Card" . The New Indian Express . 30 December 2013. Retrieved 1 June 2022 .^ "Content over star power: Story of south cinema in first half of 2015" . Hindustan Times Archived from the original on 19 October 2019. Retrieved 5 March 2022 .^ "Sandalwood hits Rangitaranga and Uppi 2 Run to Full House in USA" . The New Indian Express . 17 August 2015. Archived from the original on 19 March 2022. Retrieved 28 March 2022 .^ https://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-made-in-rs-4-crore-this-film-kirik-party-earned-rs-50-crore-ran-for-100-days-theatres-highest-grossing-movie-3086188/amp ^ https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/2019/Sep/26/darshans-landmark-50th-film-kurukshetra-completes-50-day-run-2039356.html ^ "Year Ender 2021: Highest-grossing Kannada Movies of the Year" . News18 . 29 December 2021. Archived from the original on 30 January 2022. Retrieved 23 August 2022 .^ "Bagheera Final Worldwide Box Office Collections: Srii Murali and Rukmini Vasanth movie set to wind up theatrical run at Rs 29 crore" . Pinkvilla . Retrieved 14 November 2024 .^ "Chitraloka.com" . 24 August 2000. Archived from the original on 24 August 2000. Retrieved 2 March 2022 .^ "Sandalwood hits Rangitaranga and Uppi 2 Run to Full House in USA" . The New Indian Express . 17 August 2015. Archived from the original on 19 March 2022. Retrieved 2 February 2022 .^ "Gaalipata 2 Worldwide Box Office Day 4 Collection" . News18 . 17 August 2022. Archived from the original on 21 August 2022. Retrieved 21 August 2022 .^ Pandit, Radhika (22 December 2012). "Sandalwood: Hits and misses of 2012" . The New Indian Express . Retrieved 26 April 2022 . ^ "After a record 2022, Kannada cinema saw a STEEP decline in box office numbers in 2023; not a SINGLE film crossed even the Rs. 70 cr. mark; footfalls down from 8.1 cr. to 3.2 cr" . Bollywood Hungama . 31 January 2024. Retrieved 20 April 2024 .^ Sharadhaa, A. (6 December 2017). "Sriimurali has Mufti sequel in his mind" . The New Indian Express . Retrieved 23 November 2024 . ^ "Bhairathi Ranagal box office collection day 8: Shivarajkumar's film mints Rs 49 lakh on second Friday" . Indiatimes . 23 November 2024. Retrieved 23 November 2024 .^ a b "Smells like Sandalwood" . Bangalore Mirror . Archived from the original on 17 January 2013. Retrieved 2 March 2022 .^ "Yuva Box Office Collection: Yuva Rajkumar's Debut Venture Yuva Crosses The 10 Crore Mark at the BoxOffice" . Times Now . 13 April 2024. Archived from the original on 11 May 2024. Retrieved 11 May 2024 .^ "Shivaji Surathkal 2 distributor claims box office is far more than reported; netizens say, 'reveal all' . OTTPlay . 21 April 2023. Archived from the original on 9 December 2023. Retrieved 17 October 2023 .
