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For the given name, see Larry.
Styles and Tomlinson in 2012

Larries are shipping conspiracy theorists who believe that former One Direction bandmates Harry Styles and Louis Tomlinson had or still have a long-term and secret romantic relationship.[1][2][3]: 173–174 [4] A fundamental part of this conspiracy theory is that the two, name blended as "Larry Stylinson", have been closeted by their management company, Modest Management, supposedly guided by homophobic corporate interests.[2][5][6] Proponents of the conspiracy theory have used the hashtag #LarryIsReal.[7]

Despite repeated public disavowals, particularly by Tomlinson, belief in the theory has not diminished over time.[8][3]: 219–220  Larries have been one of the largest groups of the One Direction fandom since the band's early days.[3]: 219–220 

History

[edit]

Beginnings

[edit]

One Direction formed on The X Factor in 2010 and the self-called Larries formed soon after, inspired by the pair's close and public friendship.[2][9][10] Since the beginning, most Larries have been insistent that Styles and Tomlinson's relationship is real.[9] According to an anonymous One Direction fan interviewed by The Daily Dot in 2012, "There’s no real space in fandom for people who ship Harry/Louis in the fictional sense."[9] However, Larries were not the majority of the fanbase (called "Directioners"), with only "a couple thousand" Larries estimated to exist by one fan in 2012.[9]

Since the beginning, Larries have harassed Styles and Tomlinson, their friends and family, and journalists covering Larries.[11] As early as 2012, Tomlinson admitted that the popularity of the theory was negatively affecting the way he and Styles behaved in public.[2] Tomlinson also referred to Larry as "bullshit" and "conspiracy theories" on Twitter around this time.[11][12] This did not deter conspiracy theorist fans from regularly speculating when Styles and Tomlinson might announce their relationship to the public.[13]

Crazy About One Direction

[edit]

In 2013, British documentarian Daisy Asquith was tasked by Channel 4 to create a television documentary about fans of One Direction.[14] She interviewed fans at a Manchester show, making sure to both engage fans' parents and to locate fans who would be emotionally prepared to be featured on television.[14] Channel 4 pressured her to feature "the crazy fans" and, at the last minute, changed the name of the documentary from "I Heart One Direction" to "Crazy About One Direction."[14]

To many One Direction fans, the depictions of fans wearing One Direction-themed outfits, making fan art, and engaging in "insane" behaviors were interpreted as public shaming.[15][16] In response to the documentary and the outrage, One Direction member Liam Payne tweeted, "We couldn't give a fuck what any documentary says there [sic] dramatised for entertainment and full of bullshit anyway we all know..."[17]

Within 24 hours of Crazy About One Direction's release, an unsubstantiated rumor that 42 fans who believed in the Larry Stylinson theory had committed suicide as a result of the documentary circulated online, with #RIPLarryShippers trending on Twitter.[14][16][17] Notably, the faked suicides were constructed both in response to the film and in response to anti-Larries using the documentary as an excuse to criticize Larry behaviors.[14] Asquith and Channel 4 also received bomb threats and death threats.[14]

In the documentary, Larries were accused of bringing shame onto the One Direction fandom by making all One Direction fans look crazy.[15] Hashtags like #thisisnotus were used by One Direction members to separate themselves from Larries after the documentary's release.[15] The increased visibility of the Larry Stylinson conspiracy theory and perceived public shaming caused their ranks to tighten and their beliefs to become more extreme.[3]: 198 

"Rainbow Bondage Bears" and other symbols

[edit]
Harry Styles with visible tattoos, 2023

By 2014, Larries believed that Tomlinson and Styles were sending secret messages directly to them.[5][18] The most notable manifestation of this belief came in the form of "Rainbow Bondage Bears" that could be seen onstage at One Direction concerts in 2014 and 2015.[5][18] These stuffed bears (originally owned by fans who threw them onstage during concerts) were later placed onstage during concerts and dressed in costumes reminiscent of prominent gay icons, such as Freddie Mercury and Judy Garland.[5]

Sometimes the bears seemed to hint at the Larry conspiracy, such as when a sign next to the bear said "Love Larry" with a picture of Larry Grayson attached.[5] The context of the bears is still unclear, but the band has denied it having any significance to the personal lives of Styles or Tomlinson.[5]

In addition to the Rainbow Bondage Bears, fans have invented other symbolism that might signify Styles and Tomlinson are trying to communicate with them about their secret love for one another.[2] The unsubstantiated claims include:

  • Styles and Tomlinson have matching tattoos. One example is Styles' rose and Tomlinson's dagger, which supposedly to form a common rose-and-dagger tattoo design that represents tragic love.[19][3]: 193  The tattoos of swallows on Styles' chest supposedly represent himself and Tomlinson, with the larger bird representing Styles due to its unusual slanted eyebrow, and the smaller bird representing Tomlinson's smaller size.[2]
  • The colors green and blue appearing represent Styles and Tomlinson respectively. The association is due to Styles using green tape and Tomlinson using blue tape on their wireless microphones when they would tour while in One Direction.[3][19] The color blue has also been noted as the color of Tomlinson's eyes.[8]
  • Styles and Tomlinson are invested in a form of numerology related to the number 28, which Larries believe to be related to Styles and Tomlinson's supposed wedding day, September 28, 2013.[3]: 198  The number has been found in many things, from Tomlinson's number 28 football jersey to the release date of Styles' movie Dunkirk (7/21) adding up to the number 28.[3]: 198 

This clue-finding process has allowed the conspiracy theory to sustain itself up to the present day, despite Styles and Tomlinson being noticeably absent from each other's lives since One Direction went on indefinite hiatus in 2016.[3]: 198 

Babygate

[edit]

When Tomlinson's friend got pregnant with his child in 2015, some Larries found it difficult to believe that he was going to have a biological child while also being in a monogamous relationship with Styles.[3]: 203 [2] To resolve the cognitive dissonance, some Larries constructed a conspiracy theory called "Babygate," which states that theory asserts the pregnancy was fake and manufactured by his management.[3]: 203  These Larries claim that the "baby" born from the pregnancy was at first a doll, but as the "baby" aged, it was replaced by an actor or another member of his friend's family.[3]: 203  The bodies and behavior of Tomlinson and his friend were scrutinized for signs that she was faking the pregnancy, and photos of them were analyzed in Photoshop for signs of editing.[3]: 205–211 

Solo careers

[edit]

One Direction's breakup splintered the fanbase into seven distinct, though sometimes overlapping, factions: Harries (fans of Harry Styles), Louies (fans of Louis Tomlinson), Zquad (fans of Zayn Malik), Lovers (fans of Niall Horan), Liam Payne stans, OT4/OT5s (fans of One Direction generally) and Larries.[6]: 227  There is also a substantial community of One Direction-adjacent fans called "antis" who spend large amounts of time online countering the things that Larries say and do. Ex-Larries often contribute to this anti-conspiracy work by creating posts invoking the experience of "leaving a cult."[3]: 181-2 

Since the beginning of his solo career, Styles has dressed androgynously, singing songs and making music videos invoking sexual fluidity, and waving pride flags at his concerts.[20] He has also refused to label his sexuality.[21] To explain Styles behaving this way while Tomlinson has explicitly stated he is straight, some Larries have constructed a martyrdom narrative for Tomlinson.[6]: 235  Tomlinson is seen as being kept "in chains" so that Styles can experience a life where he is commercially successful and sexually free.[6]: 235–236  At the same time, many Larries still hold the contradictory belief that Styles dates women as an attempt to hide his relationship with Tomlinson.[8] This resulted in the harassment of Styles' then-girlfriend Olivia Wilde on TikTok.[8]

Content

[edit]
Hug between Styles and Tomlinson at a 2015 concert, which became a "prized Larry Stylinson moment"[6]: 228 

The core evidence of the conspiracy is often introduced through video clips that frame glances, touches, or other interpersonal interactions as romantic gestures.[2][22][3]: 176–179  These videos, sometimes turned into gifs on platforms like Tumblr or gathered into compilations on platforms like YouTube, make an impact on the viewer through repetition.[22][19][23][3]: 176–179  For example, a hug between Styles and Tomlinson became a "prized Larry Stylinson moment" by the way fans shared differently angled photographs of the moment, including it as a highlight in videos, and used it as inspiration for fan art and fan fiction.[6]: 228 

People who become intrigued by the conspiracy may be directed to more detailed written content, which ranges from day-by-day timelines of their relationship to intricate explanations of the Babygate theory.[2][3]: 176–179, 218  Many accounts that update on One Direction, Styles, and Tomlinson are run by Larries who will only post content that aligns with the conspiracy, and new Larries are encouraged to only follow them.[3]: 218 

One former Larry, when interviewed about this type of censorship, reported that accounts "wouldn't reblog updates or photos about 'beard' relationships" and that Styles' many gay friends were also ignored by these accounts because "it didn't fit a narrative of him as an oppressed gay man."[3]: 219 As of 2020, Larry Stylinson is the most reblogged ship on Tumblr.[24]

Erotic slash fiction with Larry exists,[5] as do other forms of fan art,[25][6]: 228  including "femslash", which depicts Larry as gender-bent lesbians.[24] Artist Owen G Parry made several Larry-themed artworks that were displayed in a 2016 London exhibition. Parry says that Larry shipping can be "a safe place to test out your sexuality, a fantasy space" for many young fans.[7] Tomlinson said of Larry fan fiction in 2022 that "It's weird, all that shit but there's not much you can do about it. I’d rather they didn't, but it is what it is, I won't be watching."[26]

Ideology

[edit]

Justification for beliefs

[edit]

Styles and Tomlinson's decreased interaction over the years has caused conspiracy-theorist fans to view themselves as "mouthpieces" for the two men.[6]

Kaitlyn Tiffany, author and Directioner, states that "... [Larries] would often kind of accuse other fans of being homophobic if they didn’t support Larry Stylinson. [...] Anti-Larries would often dwell on Larries and try to pick apart their logic and shout them down in a way that was maybe unnecessary. It became a huge distraction." She also says that non-Larry Directioners dislike media coverage that made the Larries something of the public face of the fandom.[27][28]

As of 2022, Larries are generally women around 20.[8] Academics Clare Southerton and Hannah McCann say:[1]

Larries have been portrayed largely as a bizarre expression of the wider Directioner fandom, an inexplicable post-truth variation of the hysterical fangirl. [...] Larries reveal complex forms of desire that appear to belong more to the collective-the desiring community-than to the individual. Queering the figure of the fangirl, we find that far from simply lusting after their boyband idols, Larries desire desire itself. While fake news framings are concerned with getting to "truth," they often miss the overarching sociopolitical paradigms [...] The ultimate lesson from the Larry fandom is not proof of whether Larry is real, but rather, the creation of a space for the queerness of Larry to be real, whether really real, or not.

They also comment on the fan-group's complex relation to slash fiction and queerbaiting.[5]

Harassment

[edit]

Larries have bullied and harassed Styles' and Tomlinson's girlfriends.[8][2][1] The harassment extended to include the mother of Tomlinson's child, the family of one of his girlfriends, as well as an unrelated family with the same surname.[2][27]

Response

[edit]

Styles and Tomlinson have repeatedly criticised and disavowed the theory since conception, with Tomlinson stating the conspiracy had damaged the pair's relationship.[29] In 2012, Tomlinson took to Twitter to address the conspiracy, stating:[30]

Hows this, Larry is the biggest load of bullshit I've ever heard. I'm happy why can't you accept that.

Former One Direction bandmate Zayn Malik addressed the conspiracy in 2015, saying there were no secret relationships within the band and the belief had taken a toll on Styles and Tomlinson, who refrained from physically intimate behaviour like hugging as a result.[31][32] Band member Liam Payne said in 2015 that symbols at One Direction concerts like rainbow flags to indicate support of the conspiracy "drives [him] insane".[33]

In 2016, Tomlinson blocked the word "Larry" from his Instagram comments, resulting in over 100,000 comments by Larries commenting variations of the word, including "Lerry" and "Larrrrry".[34] In 2017, when asked if his song "Sweet Creature" was about Tomlinson, Styles responded saying that although he did not "want to tell anyone that they're wrong for feeling what they feel about a song", he "would lean towards no".[35] Tomlinson criticised an animated sex scene of him and Styles featured in Euphoria, stating that he was not contacted about nor approved of the scene.[36] Tomlinson said in an interview with The Guardian that he knew the theory was culturally interesting, but was tired of it.[37]

In 2023, Tomlinson stated the theory was "childish".[38] In 2024, he said:[39]

What I realized a few years ago is that there is nothing I can say. There is nothing I can do to stop those who believe in this conspiracy. They are so connected to what they believe that they will not see the truth for what it really is. I'm sure many people look at and find all these little conspiracies that happen in life interesting. I'd be lying if I said it didn't irritate me a little, but that's the nature of the job. There are times when it gets very personal. I have my son, Freddie. He's the most important person in my life. And occasionally, [these theories] end up addressing things that are kind of unfair. That's what we have now. There's nothing I can do about it. Nothing I can say to stop people from inventing what they want to invent. So so be it.

[edit]

Larry Stylinson was not the first real person fiction (RPF) conspiracy that drew large numbers of "tinhats", fans who believe the public figures they ship really are in a secret relationship.[2] The term was first coined in 2003 as a derogatory way to refer to fans who believed Elijah Wood and Dominic Monaghan had a secret relationship that formed while working on the set of Lord of the Rings.[40] Other pairings with similar theories surrounding them include actors Jensen Ackles and Jared Padalecki from the CW television show Supernatural, as well as singer-songwriter Taylor Swift and model Karlie Kloss.[40][41]

"Babygate" is also not alone in speculation that celebrity pregnancies and babies are fake.[42] Benedict Cumberbatch has been subjected to fans speculating about his wife's pregnancy.[42] Zayn Malik and Liam Payne have also been subjected to "babygates" of their own.[3]: 221  According to academic Anna Martin, these conspiracies are so common because "Star texts allow for fantasies not only of wealth and leisure, but of a life in which love is the only concern."[43] Kaitlyn Tiffany, writing for The Atlantic, observed, "Modern theories about 'fake' celebrity babies come with a cocktail of resentment toward the hypocrisy of celebrity, the dishonesty of the media, and the unflappable confidence of the elite, who get away with whatever they want [. . .] The internet didn't invent conspiracism, but it did make spreading conspiracy theories easier and more fun."[42]

Like many other conspiracy theorists, Larries have a strong presence on social media, and on TikTok in particular.[3]: 219–220 [44][8] The #larrystylinson tag on TikTok has 7.5 billion collective views as of May 2022.[8] The spread of conspiracy theories on TikTok is well documented.[45][46][47][48] According to anthropologist Joseph Russo, "In a moment in which young people feel they're living in a really chaotic world where not much makes sense, certain conspiracy theories can feel like a security blanket, because they tell us there is actually an order underneath it all."[48]

Academic Abby Richards, who researches disinformation on TikTok, has said of conspiracy theories, "We've seen that time and time again this can absolutely translate to real-world harm." However, academics Hannah McCann and Clare Southerton question the motives behind "dismissing Larries as merely dangerous", and question what paradigm they might be dangerous to.[1] They say that framing Larries exclusively as consumers and spreaders of fake news "miss[es] the overarching socio-political paradigms that shape what can be seen, heard, and represented in the first instance."[1] Tiffany challenges this viewpoint, claiming fans were "robbed" of neutrality towards Larry once it was seen as "serious business" due to it interfering with Styles and Tomlinson's personal lives.[3]: 192 

[edit]

Larries have appeared in popular culture outside their own fandom, examples include:

  • The 2017 young adult novel Grace and the Fever was inspired by the Larry fandom.[49][50]
  • In 2019, the teen drama Euphoria depicted an animated sex scene between Styles and Tomlinson due to one of its characters, Kat, being a notorious One Direction fanfic writer. The show portrays Kat as the inventor of the Larry Stylinson ship.[51][12] Following the release of the episode, both Larry conspiracy theorists and non-conspiracy theorist fans of Styles and Tomlinson expressed outrage that the ship was portrayed in the show.[52][12] Styles and Tomlinson had not approved the sequence.[6]: 230 
  • Kaitlyn Tiffany's 2022 book on One Direction fandom, Everything I need I get from you: how fangirls created the Internet as we know it, spends two chapters on Larries.[27][53]

See also

[edit]
  • List of most-retweeted tweets – includes a 2011 tweet from Tomlinson to Styles, noted among Larries and to some extent, the larger One Direction fandom
  • Stan (fan) – an excessively avid fan
  • Gaylors – a subset of Taylor Swift fans who believe Swift is gay

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d e McCann, Hannah; Southerton, Clare (1 March 2019). "Repetitions of Desire: Queering the One Direction Fangirl". Girlhood Studies. 12 (1): 49–65. doi:10.3167/ghs.2019.120106. hdl:1959.4/unsworks_62301. S2CID 150794748.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Romano, Aja (2016-04-18). "Larry Stylinson, the One Direction conspiracy theory that rules the internet, explained". Vox. Retrieved 2022-06-11.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v Tiffany, Kaitlyn (2022). Everything I need I get from you: how fangirls created the Internet as we know it. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux. ISBN 978-0-374-53918-4. OCLC 1264273710.
  4. ^ McCann, Hannah; Southerton, Clare (2021-06-01). "Boy crazy, but not in a straight way: The 'truth' about Larry in the One Direction fandom". Journal of Fandom Studies, The. 9 (2): 143–159. doi:10.1386/jfs_00038_1. ISSN 2046-6692.
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h Southerton, Clare; McCann, Hannah (2019). "Queerbaiting and Real Person Slash: The Case of Larry Stylinson". In Brennan, Joseph (ed.). Queerbaiting and fandom: teasing fans through homoerotic possibilities. Iowa City: University of Iowa Press. pp. 161–163. ISBN 9781609386726.
  6. ^ a b c d e f g h i Trinidad, Andrea Anne (2021-11-19), ""Shipping" Larry Stylinson: what makes pairing appealing boys romantic?", The Routledge Companion to Romantic Love, London: Routledge, p. 231, doi:10.4324/9781003022343-18, ISBN 978-1-003-02234-3, S2CID 244450469, retrieved 2022-06-25
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  15. ^ a b c Jones, Bethan (2016). ""I Will Throw You off Your Ship and You Will Drown and Die": Death Threats, Intra-Fandom Hate, and the Performance of Fangirling". Seeing Fans : Representations of Fandom in Media and Popular Culture. Bloomsbury Academic. pp. 53–66. doi:10.5040/9781501318481.ch-005. ISBN 978-1-5013-1845-0.
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  19. ^ a b c "Larry Stylinson is a conspiracy hellhole involving two of music's biggest stars". The Pitch. 2021-07-22. Retrieved 2022-06-26.
  20. ^ Bell, Sadie (18 May 2022). "A Starter Kit for Understanding the Appeal of Harry Styles". Thrillist. Retrieved 2022-06-29.
  21. ^ Stoppard, Lou (April 26, 2022). "Exclusive: Harry Styles Reveals the Meaning Behind His New Album, 'Harry's House'". Better Homes & Gardens. Retrieved 2022-06-29.
  22. ^ a b Luna, Elizabeth de (2022-02-26). "On Tumblr, a GIF can make you believe in love". Mashable. Retrieved 2022-06-25.
  23. ^ "#bravery: Larry fandom calls "bullsh*t" on One Direction denial". The Daily Dot. 2012-09-17. Retrieved 2022-06-25.
  24. ^ a b Pruett, Jessica (2020). "Lesbian One Direction Fans Take Over Tumblr". a tumblr book. University of Michigan Press. pp. 194–200. doi:10.3998/mpub.11537055. ISBN 978-0-472-07456-3. JSTOR 10.3998/mpub.11537055. S2CID 213691692.
  25. ^ Judd, Sacha (26 July 2017). "What we love matters: a unifying cultural theory to fix tech's diversity problem". The Spinoff. Retrieved 29 June 2022.
  26. ^ Redkar, Surabhi (11 November 2022). "Louis Tomlinson comments on 'weird' Larry Stylinson fanfiction, Harry Styles' solo success and more". Pinkvilla. Retrieved 8 December 2022.
  27. ^ a b c Bryant, Kenzi (15 June 2022). "Love the Internet? Hate It? Thank a Fan". Vanity Fair. Retrieved 18 June 2022.
  28. ^ Jennings, Rebecca (8 June 2022). "One Direction fangirls created the internet as we know it". Vox. Retrieved 18 June 2022.
  29. ^ "Louis Tomlinson says 'Larry' conspiracy theory damaged friendship with Harry Styles". Grazia Magazine. Archived from the original on 30 October 2020. Retrieved 22 December 2024.
  30. ^ Paul, Larisha (9 April 2024). "Louis Tomlinson Realized 'There's Nothing I Can Do' About Fan Delusions That He's Dating Harry Styles". The Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on 22 April 2024. Retrieved 22 December 2024.
  31. ^ Cooper, Duncan (17 November 2015). "Zayn Malik's Next Direction". The Fader. Archived from the original on 15 December 2024. Retrieved 22 December 2024.
  32. ^ Delgado, Sara (10 April 2024). "Louis Tomlinson Addresses "Larry" Conspiracy Theories & Competitiveness Within One Direction Years After Band Split". Teen Vogue. Archived from the original on 27 September 2024. Retrieved 22 December 2024.
  33. ^ Caulfield, Keith (10 September 2015). "Liam Payne Says One Direction 'Will Work Together Again': See His 'Attitude' Cover". Billboard. Archived from the original on 28 August 2023. Retrieved 22 December 2024.
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  40. ^ a b Coy, Olivia (2015-06-22). "Fifty Shades of Yellow". The New Inquiry. Retrieved 2022-06-30.
  41. ^ "The Bizarre Taylor Swift Conspiracy Theory That She Is Secretly Gay". www.vice.com. 16 June 2016. Retrieved 2022-06-30.
  42. ^ a b c Tiffany, Kaitlyn (2020-07-13). "How a Fake Baby Is Born". The Atlantic. Retrieved 2022-06-30.
  43. ^ Martin, Anna (March 2014). "Writing the Star: Stardom, Fandom and Real Person Fanfiction". Dissertation – via Academia.edu.
  44. ^ Tiffany, Kaitlyn (8 April 2016). "Who decided that Louis Tomlinson's baby is fake, why, and is he?". The Verge. Retrieved 18 June 2022.
  45. ^ Marks, Andrea (2021-10-05). "How a Pro-BLM, Rainbow Flag-Waving TikToker Became a Conspiracy Theory Super-Spreader". Rolling Stone. Retrieved 2022-07-01.
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  48. ^ a b "Astroworld disaster fuels wave of satanic conspiracy theories on TikTok". the Guardian. 2021-11-09. Retrieved 2022-07-01.
  49. ^ Tiffany, Kaitlyn (23 May 2017). "Grace and the Fever is a clear-eyed portrait of 'the girls of the internet'". The Verge. Retrieved 18 June 2022.
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  52. ^ Haasch, Palmer (2019-07-02). "Why fans think HBO's Euphoria crossed a major fanfiction boundary". Polygon. Retrieved 2022-06-24.
  53. ^ Hess, Amanda (8 June 2022). "'We Took a Chonce,' and Other Dispatches From Fandom". The New York Times. Retrieved 20 June 2022.
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