View source for Kortenaer-class frigate

{{Short description|Dutch naval ship class}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2022}}
{|{{Infobox ship begin
}}
{{Infobox ship image
| Ship image = Frigate Kortenaer.jpg
| Ship caption = ''Kortenaer''
}}
{{Infobox ship class overview
| Name = ''Kortenaer'' class
| Builders = 
| Operators = *{{naval|Netherlands}}
*{{navy|Greece}}
*{{navy|United Arab Emirates}}
| Class before = {{sclass|Van Speijk|frigate|4}}
| Class after = {{sclass|Karel Doorman|frigate|4}}
| Subclasses = * {{sclass|Jacob van Heemskerck|frigate|4}}
* {{sclass|Elli|frigate|4}}
| Built range = 1975–1982
| In commission range = 1978–present
| Total ships building = 
| Total ships planned = 12
| Total ships completed = 12
| Total ships cancelled = 
| Total ships active = 10
| Total ships laid up = 1
| Total ships lost = 
| Total ships retired = 1
| Total ships preserved = 
}}
{{Infobox ship characteristics
| Hide header = 
| Header caption = as built 
| Ship type = [[Frigate]]
| Ship displacement = *{{convert|3050|LT|t|abbr=on|order=flip}} standard
*{{convert|3630|LT|t|abbr=on|order=flip}} full load
| Ship length = {{convert|130.5|m|ftin|abbr=on}}
| Ship beam = {{convert|14.6|m|ftin|abbr=on}}
| Ship draught = {{convert|4.3|m|ftin|abbr=on}}
| Ship propulsion = *[[Combined gas or gas]] (COGOG) system:
*2 × [[Rolls-Royce Limited|Rolls-Royce]] Tyne RM1C [[gas turbine]]s, {{convert|4900|shp|abbr=on|lk=in}} each
*2 × Rolls-Royce [[Rolls-Royce Olympus#Rolls-Royce Olympus TM3B marine turbine|Olympus TM3B]] gas turbines, {{convert|25700|shp|abbr=on}} each (boost)
*2 shafts
| Ship speed = *{{convert|20|kn|lk=in}} cruise
*{{convert|30|kn}} maximum
| Ship range = 
| Ship endurance = {{endurance|4700|nmi|km mi|16|knots|km/h mph|sep=at}}
| Ship complement = 176–196
| Ship capacity = 
| Ship sensors = 
| Ship EW = 
| Ship armament = * 1 × [[Otobreda 76 mm|OTO-Melara Compatto 76 mm/62 cal.]] gun
* 1 × [[Bofors 40 mm L/60 gun|Bofors 40 mm]] gun
* 2 × twin [[Mark 46 torpedo|Mk46 torpedo]] tubes
* 2 × quad [[RGM-84 Harpoon]] anti-ship missile launchers
* 1 × 8-cell [[RIM-7 Sea Sparrow|Sea Sparrow]] anti-aircraft missile launchers
| Ship armour = 
| Ship aircraft = 2 × [[Westland Lynx|Sea Lynx]] helicopters
| Ship aircraft facilities = 
| Ship notes = 
}}
|}

The '''''Kortenaer'' class''' was a [[ship class|class]] of [[Anti-submarine warfare|anti-submarine]] [[frigate]]s of the [[Royal Netherlands Navy]]. Like other frigate types of the 1970s and 1980s, they featured a [[COGOG]] (combined gas or gas) propulsion system with separate cruise and sprint gas turbines. Ten were built by [[Damen Schelde Naval Shipbuilding|De Schelde]] in [[Flushing, Netherlands|Vlissingen]] and two by [[Wilton-Fijenoord]] in [[Schiedam]] between 1978 and 1982. Only ten served with the Royal Netherlands Navy: two were sold to [[Hellenic Navy|Greece's Navy]] while still under construction and replaced by two {{sclass|Jacob van Heemskerck|frigate|0}} frigates which were an [[Anti-aircraft warfare|air defence]] variant of the ''Kortenaer'' class. The Greek frigates were renamed the {{sclass|Elli|frigate|4}}. After service with the Dutch ended, eight of the frigates were sold to Greece in 1992 and the remaining two to the United Arab Emirates. Three of the ships have since been retired from active military service with one converted into the [[superyacht]] {{ship||Yas|yacht|2}}.

==Background==
The ''Kortenaer'' class was designed as an [[anti-submarine warfare]] (ASW) [[frigate]] intended to replace the two ASW classes ({{sclass|Holland|destroyer|5}} and {{sclass|Friesland|destroyer|4}}es) already in service with the [[Royal Netherlands Navy]]. The Dutch planning committee intended for the class to have the maximum number of NATO compatible systems to other [[NATO]] frigate classes, even offering to enter in agreements with other navies, such as the British [[Royal Navy]]. These offers were rejected and instead the Dutch designed a standard platform, later referred to as the "Standard design", that would allow for ASW and [[anti-aircraft warfare]] (AAW) variants, while conforming to NATO standards.{{sfn|Gardiner|Chumbley|Budzbon|1995|p=277}}

==Design and description==
The design's hull form was similar to contemporary French designs with continuous upper and main decks, a single rudder and a [[Bow (watercraft)#Types|clipper bow]]. The frigates were designed to operate smoothly in [[Sea lane|seaways]] with reduced length-to-[[Beam (nautical)|beam]] ratio than usual for ships of their size. Furthermore, the ships would have a higher degree of automation to reduce the engine room complement requirement and overall crew size, with the frigates being able to be operated and fought from the operations room.{{sfn|Gardiner|Chumbley|Budzbon|1995|p=277}} The ''Kortenaer'' class as built were {{convert|130.5|m|ftin}} [[Length overall|long overall]] with a beam of {{convert|14.6|m|ftin|abbr=on}} and a [[Draft (hull)|draught]] of {{convert|4.3|m|ftin|abbr=on}} at the hull and {{convert|6.2|m|ftin|abbr=on}} at the base of the propeller. As built the frigates had a [[Displacement (ship)|standard displacement]] of {{convert|3050|LT|t|order=flip|lk=on}} and {{cvt|3630|LT|t|order=flip}} at full load.{{sfn|Moore|1984|p=345}} With varying gun and radar compositions of the ships over their careers, the displacement would later differ among the class.{{sfn|Saunders|2004|pp=283, 786}} Due to the high amount of automation within the ship, the [[Ship's company|complement]] was reduced from 196 to 176 officers and sailors.{{sfn|Sharpe|1991|p=397}}

The ''Kortenaer'' class sported 15 [[Compartment (ship)#Watertight subdivision|watertight bulkhead]]s. The vessels were powered by a [[combined gas or gas]] (COGOG) system incorporating two [[Rolls-Royce Limited|Rolls-Royce]] [[Rolls-Royce Tyne|Tyne RM1C]] [[gas turbine]]s creating {{convert|4900|shp|lk=out|order=flip}} each and Rolls-Royce [[Rolls-Royce Olympus#Rolls-Royce Olympus TM3B marine turbine|Olympus TM3B]] gas turbines creating {{convert|25700|shp|abbr=on|order=flip}} each. These drove two LIPS{{Clarify|date=March 2023|reason=what is LIPS here? }} [[Variable-pitch propeller (marine)|controllable pitch propellers]] giving the ships a maximum speed of {{convert|30|kn|lk=in}} and a cruising speed of {{convert|20|kn}}. The vessels had a range of {{convert|4700|nmi|lk=in}} at {{convert|16|kn}} while using a single Tyne turbine. Electricity was provided by four [[SEMT-Pielstick]] PA4 750 kW diesel generators. The vessels also had redundancy in their design, being equipped with two auxiliary boilers and evaporators. The engineering plant was spread over four compartments. Moving forward to aft the plant was situated as follows; auxiliaries, Olympus turbines, Tyne turbines and reduction gear, and auxiliaries. To increase stability, the vessels mounted a pair of Denny–Brown [[Stabilizer (ship)|fin stabilizers]].{{sfn|Couhat|1986|pp=347-348}}

The design originally called for the installation of two [[OTO Melara 76 mm#Compact|OTO Melara {{convert|76|mm|0}}]]/62 [[Caliber (artillery)|calibre]] naval guns in single mounts, with one placed forward and one mounted atop the [[hangar]] aft. However, after the first four ships, the aft 76 mm gun was swapped out for a [[Bofors 40 mm Automatic Gun L/70|Bofors {{cvt|40|mm}}]]/L70 calibre anti-aircraft (AA) gun.{{sfn|Couhat|1986|pp=343, 348}} The 76 mm guns could fire a {{cvt|6|kg}} shell to a range of {{cvt|8.6|nmi}} at 85 degrees elevation.{{sfn|Sharpe|1991|p=397}} The aft guns were later replaced in all ships with a single-mounted, seven-barreled SGE-30 [[Goalkeeper CIWS|Goalkeeper]] {{cvt|30|mm}} [[close-in weapons system]] (CIWS) that had a range of {{cvt|2|km}}.{{sfn|Sharpe|1991|p=397}}

Each of the vessels were mounted with two quad launchers for [[Harpoon (missile)|Harpoon]] [[anti-ship missile]]s, each missile was capable of travelling {{cvt|70|nmi}} at [[Mach number|Mach]] 0.9 carrying a {{cvt|227|kg}} warhead. They were also armed with a Mark 29 octuple launcher for the [[RIM-7 Sea Sparrow|Sea Sparrow]] [[Surface-to-air missile|AA missile]] and could carry up to 24 missiles. The Sea Sparrow had a range of {{cvt|8|nmi}} at a speed of Mach 2.5 with a {{cvt|30|kg}} warhead. Additionally the frigates were equipped with two twin-mounted [[Mark 32 Surface Vessel Torpedo Tube|Mk 32]] {{cvt|324|mm|0}} [[torpedo tube]]s for [[Mark 46 torpedo|Mk 46 Mod 5 torpedoes]] that had a range of {{cvt|5.9|nmi}} at {{convert|40|kn}} with a {{cvt|44|kg}} warhead.{{sfn|Sharpe|1991|p=397}}

The ''Kortenaer'' class was initially equipped with a Knebworth/Corvus rocket-launched [[Chaff (countermeasure)|chaff]] system, replaced by [[Mark 36 SRBOC|SRBOC]] six-tubed chaff launchers.{{sfn|Couhat|1986|p=348}} They sported an [[Electronic warfare support measures|ESM]]/[[Electronic countermeasure|ECM]] Ramses jammer and a SEWACO II action data system. They utilised LW 08 air search [[radar]] operating on the [[D band (NATO)|D band]], ZW 06 surface search radar operating on the [[I band (NATO)|I band]] and [[STIR (radar)|STIR]] and WM 25 fire control radars operating on the I/[[J band (NATO)|J band]]s. For ASW purposes, the frigates had [[Bow (ship)|bow]]-mounted [[SQS-505]], [[SQS-509]] [[sonar]] or [[SQR-19]] TACTASS [[Towed array sonar|towed sonar]]. The ''Kortenaer'' class had a [[flight deck]] and hangar at the [[stern]] of the ship that was initially capable of operating up to two [[Westland Lynx|Westland SH-14B Lynx]] helicopters, but normally carried only one during peacetime operations.{{sfn|Sharpe|1991|p=397}}

==Construction and service==
The Dutch Government ordered the first batch of four ships on 31 August 1974. This was followed by a second batch of four on 28 November 1974 and a third batch of four on 29 December 1976.{{sfn|Sharpe|1991|p=397}} The first eight ships were all constructed by [[Damen Group|Royal Schelde]]. The ninth and tenth ships were built by [[Wilton-Fijenoord]], and the final two ships were constructed by Royal Schelde.{{sfn|Couhat|1986|pp=225, 347}} A contract was signed on 15 September 1980 with Greece for the sale of one the hulls under construction and the option for one more, which was taken up on 7 June 1981.{{sfn|Saunders|2004|p=283}} These turned into hulls six and seven of the second batch (''Peter Florisz'' and ''Witte de With'').{{sfn|Gardiner|Chumbley|Budzbon|1995|p=277}} The remaining ''Kortenaer''-class ships were initially used to patrol areas of the [[Atlantic Ocean]] until the 1990s, when their operations were shifted to the [[Mediterranean Sea]] and [[Strait of Hormuz]]. This was highlighted by NATO deployments in support of [[blockade]] operations during the [[Yugoslav Wars]] and operations in the Strait of Hormuz and [[Persian Gulf]] during the [[Gulf War]]. In 1993, ''Bloys van Treslong'' was sent west to the [[Caribbean Sea]] to enforce a [[United Nations]] blockade of Haiti. In 2001, the ''Kortenaer''s saw one last mission in Dutch service, with ''Philips van Almonde'' deploying to the Persian Gulf as part of [[Operation Enduring Freedom]]. However, budget cuts to the military began and forced the early retirement of the class from Dutch service.{{sfn|Karreman|2019}}

On 9 November 1992, Greece signed an agreement to acquire more ships of the class, with the initial group totalling three. ''Banckert'', ''Callenburgh'' and ''Van Kinsbergen'' were the first three to be sold. This was followed by ''Kortenaer'', the second ''Peter Florisz'', ''Jan van Brakel'', ''Philips van Almonde'' and ''Bloys van Treslong''.{{sfn|Saunders|2004|p=283}} The remaining two frigates were transferred to the United Arab Emirates in a contract signed on 2 April 1996 following a refit at Royal Schelde.{{sfn|Saunders|2004|p=786}}

==Ships in the class==
The ships were named after Dutch captains and admirals:
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"
|-
! colspan="9" |''Kortenaer'' class construction data{{sfn|Sharpe|1991|p=397}}{{sfn|Couhat|1986|p=225}}{{sfn|Karreman|2019}}
|-
! scope="col"| Ship
! scope="col"| Pennant No.
! scope="col"| Named after
! scope="col"| Builder
! scope="col"| Laid down
! scope="col"| Launched
! scope="col"| Commissioned
! scope="col"| Decommissioned
! scope="col"| Fate
|-
| scope="row"| {{HNLMS|Kortenaer|F807|2}} 
| F807
| [[Egbert Bartholomeusz Kortenaer]]
| rowspan="8"| [[Damen Group|Royal Schelde]]
| 8 April 1975
| 18 December 1976
| 26 October 1978
| 1997
| Sold to Greece
|-
| scope="row"| {{HNLMS|Callenburgh|F808|2}} 
| F808
| [[Gerard Callenburgh]] 
| 2 September 1975
| 26 March 1977
| 26 July 1979
| 1994
| Sold to Greece
|-
| scope="row"| {{HNLMS|Van Kinsbergen|F809|2}}
| F809
| [[Jan Hendrik van Kinsbergen]]
| 2 September 1975
| 16 April 1977
| 24 April 1980
| 1995
| Sold to Greece
|-
| scope="row"| {{HNLMS|Banckert|F810|2}} 
| F810
| [[Joost Banckert]]
| 25 February 1976
| 30 September 1978
| 29 October 1980
| 1993
| Sold to Greece
|-
| scope="row"| {{HNLMS|Piet Hein|F811|2}} 
| F811
| [[Piet Pieterszoon Hein]]
| 28 April 1977
| 3 June 1978
| 14 April 1981
| 1998
| Sold to United Arab Emirates
|-
| scope="row"| {{HNLMS|Peter Florisz|F812|2}} 
| F812
| [[Pieter Floriszoon|Pieter Florisse]]
| 2 July 1977
| 15 December 1979
| {{n/a}}
| {{n/a}}
| Sold to Greece in 1982
|-
| scope="row"| [[Greek frigate Limnos|''Witte de With'']] 
| F813
| [[Witte de With]]
| 13 June 1978
| 27 October 1979
| {{n/a}}
| {{n/a}}
| Sold to Greece in 1982
|-
| scope="row"| {{HNLMS|Abraham Crijnssen|F816|2}} 
| F816
| [[Abraham Crijnssen]]
| 25 October 1978
| 16 May 1981
| 6 January 1983
| 1997
| Sold to United Arab Emirates
|-
| scope="row"| {{HNLMS|Philips van Almonde|F823|2}}
| F823
| [[Philips van Almonde]]
| rowspan="2"| [[Wilton-Fijenoord]]
| 1 October 1977
| 11 August 1979
| 2 December 1981
| 2002
| Sold to Greece
|-
| scope="row"| {{HNLMS|Bloys van Treslong|F824|2}}
| F824
| [[Willem Bloys van Treslong]]
| 5 May 1978
| 15 November 1980
| 25 November 1982
| 2003
| Sold to Greece
|-
| scope="row"| {{HNLMS|Jan van Brakel|F825|2}} 
| F825
| [[Jan van Brakel]]
| rowspan="2"| Royal Schelde 
| 16 November 1979
| 16 May 1981
| 14 April 1983
| rowspan="2"| 2001
| Sold to Greece
|-
| scope="row"| {{HNLMS|Pieter Florisz|F826|2}} (ex-''Willem van der Zaan'')
| F826
| Pieter Florisse
| 21 January 1981
| 8 May 1982
| 1 October 1983
| Sold to Greece
|}

==Export==
===Greece===
{{main|Elli-class frigate}}
The first two frigates were acquired in 1980 and entered service with the [[Hellenic Navy]] in 1981 and 1982. Named ''Elli'' and ''Limnos'' construction of a third ship, to be built in Greece, was cancelled. On the initial Greek ships, the 40 mm gun was never installed and instead of the Goalkeeper CIWS, two American [[Phalanx CIWS|Phalanx Mk 15]] {{cvt|20|mm}} CIWS were installed instead, to either side of the aft 76 mm gun.{{sfn|Couhat|1986|p=225}}{{sfn|Wertheim|2013|pp=249–250}} Furthermore, the Hellenic Navy did not operate Lynx helicopters so the hangar was extended {{cvt|2.2|m|ftin}} to accommodate two [[Agusta-Bell AB 212ASW]] helicopters.{{sfn|Couhat|1986|p=225}}{{sfn|Sharpe|1991|p=241}} From 1993 to 1997 four more ''Kortenaer''-class frigates entered service with the Hellenic Navy and underwent the same modifications as ''Elli'' and ''Limnos'' with the exception of the lengthened hangars. From 2001 to 2003, the final four ships entered Greek service and were also modified like the others taken over from Dutch service.{{sfn|Saunders|2004|p=283}}{{sfn|Wertheim|2013|pp=249–250}} Six of the ships underwent an electronics refit from 2003 to 2006.{{sfn|Wertheim|2013|p=250}} The first of the Greek frigates was taken out of service in 2013.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://marineschepen.nl/nieuws/ex-pieter-florisz-uit-dienst.html |title=Ex-Hr.Ms. Pieter Florisz uit Griekse dienst |trans-title=Ex-Hr.Ms. Pieter Florisz from Greek service |work=Marineschepen |language=Dutch |date=19 February 2013 |access-date=27 September 2022}}</ref>

===Iran===
The [[History of the Iranian Navy|Imperial Iranian Navy]] was preparing to place an order with Royal Schelde for eight ships but all military contracts were cancelled after the [[Iranian Revolution]].{{sfn|Karreman|2019}}

===United Arab Emirates===
Two ships were transferred to the [[Military of the United Arab Emirates|United Arab Emirates military]], entering service as ''Abu Dhabi'' and ''Al Emirat'' in December 1997 and May 1998 respectively. Based at [[Jebel Ali]], the two frigates had additional air conditioning fitted, a new surface search radar (Signaal Scout using the I band) and operated two [[Eurocopter AS565 Panther]] helicopters. ''Al Emirat'' was later converted into a [[Superyacht|super luxury yacht]] known as {{ship||Yas|yacht|2}} in 2015.<ref name="gornall">{{cite web|url=http://www.thenational.ae/news/setting-course-for-luxury |title=Setting course for luxury |access-date=28 November 2008 |date=21 November 2008 |work=The National |last=Gornall |first=Jonathan |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110521073358/http://www.thenational.ae/news/setting-course-for-luxury |archive-date=21 May 2011 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.boatinternational.com/yachts/news/first-photos-of-dolphin-inspired-superyacht-yas-underway--24625 |title=First photos of dolphin-inspired superyacht Yas underway |last=Merl |first=Risa |work=Boat International |date=28 July 2015 |access-date=27 September 2022}}</ref> There were plans to convert ''Abu Dhabi'' into a superyacht as well.<ref name="gornall"/>

==See also==
* {{sclass|Bremen|frigate|1}}
* [[MEKO 140]]
* [[MEKO 360]]
* {{sclass|Halifax|frigate|1}}
* {{sclass|Anzac|frigate|1}}

==Citations==
{{Reflist}}

==Bibliography==
* {{cite book |editor-last=Couhat |editor-first=Jean Labayle |year=1986 |title=Combat Fleets of the World 1986/87 |publisher=Naval Institute Press |location=Annapolis, Maryland |isbn=0-85368-860-5}}
* {{cite book |editor-last1=Gardiner |editor-first1=Robert |editor-last2=Chumbley |editor-first2=Stephen |editor-last3=Budzbon |editor-first3=Przemysław |name-list-style=amp |year=1995 |title=Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1947–1995 |publisher=Naval Institute Press |location=Annapolis, Maryland |isbn=1-55750-132-7}}
* {{cite web |url=http://marineschepen.nl/marschepen/kortenaer.html |title=Kortenaer klasse (S-) fregatten |work=Marineschepen |language=Dutch |trans-title=Kortenaer class (S) frigates |last=Karreman |first=Jaime |date=16 August 2019 |access-date=27 September 2022}}
* {{cite book |editor-last=Moore |editor-first=John |year=1984 |title=Jane's Fighting Ships 1984–85 |publisher=Jane's Publishing Incorporated |location=New York |isbn=0-7106-0795-4}}
* {{cite book |editor-last=Saunders |editor-first=Stephen |year=2004 |title=Jane's Fighting Ships 2004–2005 |publisher=Jane's Information Group Inc. |edition=107 |location=Alexandria, Virginia |isbn=0-7106-2623-1}}
* {{cite book |editor-last=Sharpe |editor-first=Richard |year=1991 |title=Jane's Fighting Ships 1991–92 |publisher=Jane's Information Group |edition=94 |location=Surrey, United Kingdom |isbn=0-7106-0960-4}}
* {{cite book |editor-last=Wertheim |editor-first=Eric |year=2013 |title=The Naval Institute Guide to Combat Fleets of the World |edition=16th |publisher=Naval Institute Press |location=Annapolis, Maryland |isbn=9-7-815911-4954-5}}

==Further reading==
* {{cite book|first=W.H.E.|last=van Amstel|title=De schepen van de Koninklijke Marine vanaf 1945|year=1991|publisher=De Alk|location=Alkmaar|isbn=9060139976|language=Dutch}}

==External links==


{{Kortenaer class frigate}}
{{Post1945DutchShips}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kortenaer Class Frigate}}
[[Category:Frigate classes]]
[[Category:Frigates of the Royal Netherlands Navy]]
[[Category:Kortenaer-class frigates]]