Help:IPA/Afrikaans
< Help:IPA
(Redirected from Help:IPA for Afrikaans) | This is the pronunciation key for IPA transcriptions of Afrikaans on Wikipedia. It provides a set of symbols to represent the pronunciation of Afrikaans in Wikipedia articles, and example words that illustrate the sounds that correspond to them. Integrity must be maintained between the key and the transcriptions that link here; do not change any symbol or value without establishing consensus on the talk page first. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA. For the distinction between [ ], / / and ⟨ ⟩, see IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters. |
The charts below show the way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Afrikaans pronunciations in Wikipedia articles. For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, see Template:IPA and Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation § Entering IPA characters.
See Afrikaans phonology for a more thorough look at the sounds of Afrikaans, as well as dialectal variations that are not represented here.
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Notes
[edit]- ^ [ʋ] is an allophone of /v/ in onset consonant clusters such as /kv/ and /tv/.
- ^ /ɡ/ is not a native phoneme of Afrikaans; it occurs only in loanwords like gholf or as an allophone of /χ/ at the end of suffixed root nouns or adjectives when both preceded by a short vowel + R cluster and followed by a schwa.
- ^ [æ] is not a phoneme, but an allophone of /ɛ/ that appears before /l/, /r/, /x/ and /k/, especially in the northern parts of South Africa (former Transvaal and Free State). In other regions, predominantly the Cape Provinces, this is not the case. Also, this allophonic phenomenon is largely absent in the Afrikaans as spoken by most coloured speakers, irrespective of geographic region (Wissing (2016)).
- ^ [æː] is not a phoneme, but an allophone of /ɛ/. When followed by /r/, /ɛ/ is both lengthened and lowered by speakers in some regions (Wissing (2016)).
- ^ /ə/ appears both as a stressed vowel, as in vis, and as an unstressed vowel, as in hemel. In unstressed positions, vowels are frequently reduced to schwa, as the first vowel in vanaand.
- ^ /əː/ occurs in no other word (Donaldson (1993:7)).
- ^ a b c As phonemes, /iː/ and /uː/ occur only in spieël and koeël, respectively. In other cases, [iː] and [uː] occur as allophones of /i/ and /u/ before /r/. /y/ is also lengthened to [yː] before /r/ (Donaldson (1993:4–6)).
- ^ a b /œː/ and /ɔː/ occur only in a few words (Donaldson (1993:7).
References
[edit]- Donaldson, Bruce C. (1993). "1. Pronunciation". A Grammar of Afrikaans. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. pp. 1–35. ISBN 978-3-11-0134261. Retrieved 16 April 2017.
- Lass, Roger (1987). "Intradiphthongal Dependencies". In Anderson, John; Durand, Jaques (eds.). Explorations in Dependency Phonology. Dordrecht: Foris Publications Holland. pp. 109–131. ISBN 9067652970. Retrieved 16 April 2017.
- Wissing, Daan (2016). "Afrikaans phonology – segment inventory". Taalportaal. Archived from the original on 15 April 2017. Retrieved 16 April 2017.
- Wissing, Daan (2020). "Afrikaans". Journal of the International Phonetic Association. 50 (1): 127–140. doi:10.1017/S0025100318000269.