Bidens laevis

Bidens laevis
Conservation status
	; Secure (NatureServe)
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Clade:	Angiosperms
Clade:	Eudicots
Clade:	Asterids
Order:	Asterales
Family:	Asteraceae
Genus:	Bidens
Species:	B. laevis
Binomial name
	Bidens laevis; (L.) Britton, Sterns, & Poggenb.
Synonyms
	Synonymy Bidens chrysanthemoides Michx. ; Bidens elegans Greene ; Bidens expansa Greene ; Bidens formosa Greene 1901 not Sch. Bip. 1856 ; Bidens helianthoides Kunth ; Bidens lugens Greene ; Bidens nashii Small ; Bidens nashii Wooton ; Bidens parryi Greene ; Bidens persicifolia Greene ; Bidens quadriaristata DC. ; Bidens speciosa Parish 1900 not Gardner 1845 ; Coreopsis flammula Banks ex Steud. ; Coreopsis perfoliata Walter ; Coreopsis radiata Mill. ; Helianthus laevis L. ; Heliopsis laevis (L.) Pers. ; Kerneria helianthoides (Kunth) Cass. ;

Bidens laevis is a species of flowering plant in the daisy family known by the common names larger bur-marigold^[3] and smooth beggarticks.^[4] It is native to South America, Mexico, and the southern and eastern United States. It grows in wetlands, including estuaries and riverbanks.^[5]^[6]^[7]^[8]^[9]^[10]^[11]^[12]

Bidens laevis is similar in appearance to its relative Bidens cernua and the two are sometimes confused. This is an annual or perennial herb growing over 20 centimeters tall and sometimes much taller, exceeding one meter in height and sometimes approaching two. The narrow lance-shaped leaves are 5 to 15 centimeters long, with finely toothed edges and pointed tips. The inflorescence bears one or more flower heads which bend down as they become heavy with fruit after flowering. Each head has a center of yellow disc florets and a fringe of 7 or 8 yellow ray florets each up to 3 centimeters long. The fruit is a dry achene with sharp barbs that adhere to fur and clothing, thus helping the plant with seed dispersal.^[5]

References

^ Greene Pittonia 4(24): 254 1901
^ The Plant List, Bidens laevis (L.) "Britton, Sterns & Poggenb."
^ BSBI List 2007 (xls). Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland. Archived from the original (xls) on 2015-06-26. Retrieved 2014-10-17.
^ NRCS. "Bidens laevis". PLANTS Database. United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Retrieved 9 January 2016.
^ ^a ^b Flora of North America, Bidens laevis (Linnaeus) Britton, Sterns & Poggenburg, Prelim. Cat. 29. 1888
^ Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution map
^ Cabrera, A. L. 1978. Compositae. 10: 1–726. In A. L. Cabrera (ed.) Flora de la provincia de Jujuy. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Buenos Aires
^ Marticorena, C. & M. Quezada. 1985. Catálogo de la Flora Vascular de Chile. Gayana, Botánica 42: 1–157
^ Brako, L. & J. L. Zarucchi. (eds.) 1993. Catalogue of the Flowering Plants and Gymnosperms of Peru. Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 45: i–xl, 1–1286
^ Breedlove, D.E. 1986. Flora de Chiapas. Listados Florísticos de México 4: i–v, 1–246
^ Neill, D. A. & C. Ulloa Ulloa. 2011. Adiciones a la Flora del Ecuador: Segundo Suplemento, 2005-2010 1–202. Fundación Jatun Sacha, Quito
^ Zuloaga, F. O., O. Morrone, M. J. Belgrano, C. Marticorena & E. Marchesi. (eds.) 2008. Catálogo de las plantas vasculares del Cono Sur. Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 107(1–3): i–xcvi, 1–3348.

External links

Jepson Manual Treatment
Calphotos Photo gallery, University of California
Go Botany, New England Wildflower Society, Bidens laevis (L.) B.S.P. , smooth beggar-ticks
Atlas of Florida Vascular Plants
Santa Monica Mountains National Recreation Area photos, United States Department of the Interior, National Park Service
Illinois Wildflowers
El Estanque, fichas de plantas, Bidens laevis (Amor seco acuático) photo by Pablo J. Saubot

[1] Greene Pittonia 4(24): 254 1901

[2] The Plant List, Bidens laevis (L.) "Britton, Sterns & Poggenb."

[BSBI07-3] BSBI List 2007 (xls). Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland. Archived from the original (xls) on 2015-06-26. Retrieved 2014-10-17.

[4] NRCS. "Bidens laevis". PLANTS Database. United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Retrieved 9 January 2016.

[h-5] Flora of North America, Bidens laevis (Linnaeus) Britton, Sterns & Poggenburg, Prelim. Cat. 29. 1888

[6] Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution map

[7] Cabrera, A. L. 1978. Compositae. 10: 1–726. In A. L. Cabrera (ed.) Flora de la provincia de Jujuy. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Buenos Aires

[8] Marticorena, C. & M. Quezada. 1985. Catálogo de la Flora Vascular de Chile. Gayana, Botánica 42: 1–157

[9] Brako, L. & J. L. Zarucchi. (eds.) 1993. Catalogue of the Flowering Plants and Gymnosperms of Peru. Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 45: i–xl, 1–1286

[10] Breedlove, D.E. 1986. Flora de Chiapas. Listados Florísticos de México 4: i–v, 1–246

[11] Neill, D. A. & C. Ulloa Ulloa. 2011. Adiciones a la Flora del Ecuador: Segundo Suplemento, 2005-2010 1–202. Fundación Jatun Sacha, Quito

[12] Zuloaga, F. O., O. Morrone, M. J. Belgrano, C. Marticorena & E. Marchesi. (eds.) 2008. Catálogo de las plantas vasculares del Cono Sur. Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 107(1–3): i–xcvi, 1–3348.

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