George W. Stoddard
George W. Stoddard | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Born | George Wellington Stoddard September 30, 1895 Detroit, Michigan, United States |
| Died | September 28, 1967 (aged 71) Seattle, Washington, United States |
| Occupation | Architect |
| Years active | 1920–1960 |
| Style | |
| Spouse | Majorie C. Stoddard[1] |
George Wellington Stoddard (September 30, 1895 – September 28, 1967) was an American architect. Born in Detroit, he graduated from the University of Illinois shortly before being drafted into the American Expeditionary Forces in 1917. Upon his return to the United States, he traveled to Seattle and founded the architecture and construction firm Stoddard and Son with his father. After building a variety of residential and commercial structures together, his father died in 1929, and Stoddard continued private practice under his own name. During his early career he mainly designed buildings according to the popular Moderne architectural style, but shifted towards a more experimental Modernist approach, especially after World War II.
In 1939, he was censured and temporarily suspended by the American Institute of Architects for violating AIA guidelines against advertisement due to a showcase of his work published in an architecture magazine. The same year, he partnered with a group of prominent local architects to design Yesler Terrace, the first major public housing development in Seattle. He carried out a large number of commissions in the late 1940s and 1950s, including schools and bank branches, alongside structures such as the Green Lake Aqua Theater and Memorial Stadium.
Biography
[edit]George Wellington Stoddard was born in Detroit, Michigan, on September 30, 1895, to Laura and Lewis Malcolm Stoddard. He had one sibling, an older brother. His father was a civil engineer, steamboat captain, and naval architect.[1][2] He attended the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, obtaining his Bachelor of Science in 1917. Due to World War I, he was drafted into the military immediately after graduation, and served in the American Expeditionary Forces in France from 1917 to 1920.[1][3]
Following the war, he settled in Seattle, Washington, with his father and founded the firm Stoddard and Son, Architects and Builders in 1920. Together, they designed and constructed a variety of buildings, including private residences, industrial plants, and apartment buildings. The elder Stoddard died in February 1929, leaving George to continue as the head of his own private practice.[2][3] Stoddard's work in Seattle during the 1930s was aligned with the Moderne architecture movement, represented by buildings such as his 1931 design for the Harlan Fairbanks Company Building.[3] Influenced by the economic climate of the Great Depression, designs of the Moderne movement generally sought to present themselves as luxurious and modern, while maintaining efficiency through simple and inexpensive architecture.[4]
Stoddard fell under intense criticism from the American Institute of Architects (AIA) for a showcase in the July 1939 issue of the magazine Architecture and Design. Unlike trade magazines such as Architectural Record, Architecture and Design featured little news or information relevant to the field, with each issue showing off the work of an individual architect or firm. This violated the AIA's regulations against architectural advertisements; the Judicial Committee of the AIA characterized the magazine as an attempt to "intrigue or coerce the architect into unwittingly [falling] for allurements which lead him out of the paths of righteousness."[5] The AIA censured Stoddard and suspended him from architectural practice for three months. A member of the AIA's Washington State chapter since 1922, Stoddard wrote an apology to the institute and attempted to appeal, but the suspension was maintained.[5]
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From 1939 to 1942, Stoddard partnered with architects William Aitken, J. Lister Holmes, William J. Bain, and John T. Jacobsen to design Yesler Terrace, the first racially-integrated housing project in the United States.[6][7] He drew plans for a proposed King County Hospital wing, to be funded by a county tax levy alongside a Federal Works Agency grant. The county voted against the levy, cancelling the project and resulting in Stoddard never being paid for the plans. He sued the county in an attempt to secure payment, but the case was dismissed by a superior court judge.[8]
After World War II, Stoddard's work turned towards a more strict and experimental Modernist approach. Stoddard and his firm carried out a large number of commissions in the late 1940s and 1950s, including a number of schools and bank branches across the Seattle area, alongside the Green Lake Aqua Theater and the Memorial Stadium. In 1949, he expanded the University of Washington's Husky Stadium alongside structural engineer Sigmund Ivarsson. From 1955 to 1960, he partnered with Francis Huggard to form the firm Stoddard-Huggard & Associates. Together, they designed the Battery Street branch of the National Bank of Commerce in Seattle, Sand Point Elementary School, and an addition to Madrona Elementary School. He retired from architecture in 1960,[2][3] although one of his designs (a National Bank of Commerce branch in Wenatchee) would not be built until 1964.[9]
Personal life
[edit]Stoddard served in a number of civic organizations and boards. He was a member of the State Hospital Advisory Council Executive Committee from 1948 to 1949, the chairman of the Seattle Civic Arts Committee from 1947, and a member of the King County Educational Advisory Committee and Juvenile Advisory Committee during the early 1950s. He was also a member of the Rainier Club, the Seattle Chamber of Commerce, and the board of the Seattle Symphony. A senior member of the AIA, he served as the president of its Washington state chapter from 1946 to 1947.[3] He died in Seattle on September 28, 1967.[1][2]
Works
[edit]| Name | Location | Date | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|
| Park Court Apartments | Seattle, Washington | 1922 | [2] |
| Saint Luke's Church | Ballard, Seattle, Washington | 1922 | [1] |
| George A. Kribs House | Seattle, Washington | 1922–1923 | [2] |
| Metropolitan Printing Plant | Seattle, Washington | 1923 | [2] |
| Broadmoor gate and caretaker house | Broadmoor, Seattle, Washington | 1923–1924 | [2] |
| Fox Garage Building | Seattle, Washington | 1925 | [2] |
| Bergonian Hotel | Seattle, Washington | 1926–1927 | [1] |
| Metropolitan Printing Press | Seattle, Washington | 1931 | [2] |
| Blue Ridge houses | Seattle, Washington | 1935 | [2] |
| Yesler Terrace | Seattle, Washington | 1939–1942 | [6] |
| Stoddard Terrace Apartments | Seattle, Washington | 1944 | [2] |
| Memorial Stadium | Seattle, Washington | 1945–1947 | [2] |
| Overlake High School | Bellevue, Washington | 1946 | [3] |
| Renton Hospital | Renton, Washington | 1946 | [1] |
| Virginia Mason Nurses Residence | Seattle, Washington | 1947 | [3] |
| Kirsten Pipe Company Building | Seattle, Washington | 1947 | [3] |
| Dallam Furniture Company Building | Wenatchee, Washington | 1947 | [9] |
| Arbor Heights Elementary School | Seattle, Washington | 1948–1949 | [2] |
| Simpson Timber Company Office | Shelton, Washington | 1949 | [10] |
| Husky Stadium (south stands) | Seattle, Washington | 1949–1950 | [2] |
| Laurelhurst Elementary School (addition) | Seattle, Washington | 1949–1950 | [2] |
| Green Lake Aqua Theater | Seattle, Washington | 1950 | [2] |
| Ellensburg Police & Fire Station | Ellensburg, Washington | 1953–1954 | [2] |
| Seattle 1st National Bank | 5th Avenue and Olive Way, Seattle, Washington | 1955 | [1] |
| National Bank of Commerce, Queen Anne Branch | Queen Anne, Seattle, Washington | 1955 | [3] |
| National Bank of Commerce, Battery Street Branch | Seattle, Washington | 1955 | [2] |
| National Bank of Commerce, Olive Way Branch | Seattle, Washington | 1956 | [3] |
| Sand Point Elementary School | Seattle, Washington | 1957–1958 | [2] |
| American Lake Veteran's Medical Center Chapel | Joint Base Lewis–McChord, Washington | 1958 | [3] |
| Madrona Elementary School (addition) | Seattle, Washington | 1960–1961 | [2] |
| National Bank of Commerce, Columbia Valley Branch | Wenatchee, Washington | 1964 | [9] |
References
[edit]- ^ a b c d e f g h PCAD.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u Ochsner 2014, pp. 477–478.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Houser.
- ^ Ross 2019, pp. 34–35.
- ^ a b Shanken 2010, pp. 409–412.
- ^ a b Ochsner 2014, p. 446.
- ^ PCAD 2.
- ^ Architect and Engineer 1944, p. 10.
- ^ a b c DAHP 2021, p. 179.
- ^ DAHP 2021, p. 174.
Bibliography
[edit]- "Court Dismisses Architect's Suit". Architect and Engineer. 1944. p. 10.
- Houser, Michael C. "Stoddard, George Wellington". Docomomo Western Washington. Docomomo. Retrieved August 17, 2024.
- Michelson, Alan (2005–2024). "George Welling Stoddard (architect)". Pacific Coast Architecture Database. University of Washington. Retrieved August 17, 2024.
- Michelson, Alan (2005–2024). "Seattle Housing Authority (SHA), Yesler Terrace Public Housing Project". Pacific Coast Architecture Database. University of Washington. Retrieved August 16, 2024.
- Ochsner, Jeffery Karl, ed. (2014). Shaping Seattle Architecture: A Historical Guide to the Architects (2nd ed.). Seattle: University of Washington Press. ISBN 9780295806891. JSTOR j.ctvcwnd1m.
- Ross, Susan M. (2019). "Conserving 'Modest' Moderne Housing". In Elliot, Bridget; Windover, Michael (eds.). The Routledge Companion to Art Deco. London. ISBN 9780429627408.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - Shanken, Andrew M. (2010). "Breaking the Taboo: Architects and Advertising in Depression and War". Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians. 69 (3): 406–429. doi:10.1525/jsah.2010.69.3.406.
- Washington State Guide to Modern Commercial Architecture (PDF) (Report). Washington State Department of Archaeology and Historic Preservation. 2021.